在 Vim 中自定义语法突出显示
如何保留文件类型的所有当前格式，但添加功能。
我想突出显示 .vim 文件中的颜色，以便突出显示每种颜色终端将如何解析它。
我创建了一个 vim.vim 文件，其中包含：
syn keyword yellow yellow containedin=All
highlight yellow ctermfg=yellow
syn keyword red red containedin=all
highlight red ctermfg=red
并将其放入 ~/.vim/after/syntax/vim.vim
按照建议 此处。
这没有效果。
更新
事实上，当我说我的更改没有效果时，我错了。如果您在一行中单独键入yellow，它将突出显示为黄色。不幸的是，这并不能解决我的问题。
我添加了 Al 描述的 F3 功能。
当我 f3 超过黄色（在上下文中 ctermfg=yellow）时，它返回：
hi<vimHiCtermColor> trans<vimHiCtermColor> lo<vimHiCtermColor> FG:-1 BG:-1
然后 :syn list vimHiCtermColor 返回：
--- Syntax items ---
vimHiCtermColor xxx contained lightmagenta darkgray lightgrey darkgrey lightgreen lightgray darkmagenta gray white red grey darkred brown darkblue darkgreen lightblue yellow cyan
contained lightcyan lightred black blue green magenta darkcyan darkyellow
我检查了 :syn list darkgray （我没有定义的东西）看看它是否存在：
--- Syntax items ---
E28: No such highlight group name: darkgray
Hit ENTER or type command to continue
我应该从这里去哪里？
How I can keep all the current formatting for a file type but add functionality.
I would like to highlight colors in .vim files so that each color is highlighted how the terminal will resolve it.
I created a vim.vim file containing:
syn keyword yellow yellow containedin=All
highlight yellow ctermfg=yellow
syn keyword red red containedin=all
highlight red ctermfg=red
and put it into ~/.vim/after/syntax/vim.vim
As suggested here.
This has no effect.
Update
In fact I was mistaken when I said my changes had no effect. If you type yellow by itself on a line it will be highlighted yellow. Unfortunately this does not solve my problem.
I added the F3 functionality described by Al.
When I f3 over yellow (in the context ctermfg=yellow) it returns:
hi<vimHiCtermColor> trans<vimHiCtermColor> lo<vimHiCtermColor> FG:-1 BG:-1
Then :syn list vimHiCtermColor returns:
--- Syntax items ---
vimHiCtermColor xxx contained lightmagenta darkgray lightgrey darkgrey lightgreen lightgray darkmagenta gray white red grey darkred brown darkblue darkgreen lightblue yellow cyan
contained lightcyan lightred black blue green magenta darkcyan darkyellow
I checked :syn list darkgray (something I have not defined) to see if it exists:
--- Syntax items ---
E28: No such highlight group name: darkgray
Hit ENTER or type command to continue
Where should I go from here?
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解决方案
这是仅将单词着色为黄色的直接答案。
这是一个为所有彩色终端名称着色的解决方案。它们仅在终端（而不是 GUI）中着色，其他属性（256 色终端、GUI 颜色、粗体等属性）根本不突出显示。为了进一步扩展这一点，您可能需要某种脚本来迭代所有可能的值。
解释
如果你在 colors/vim.vim 中查找
cterm，你会看到一行这表示，当
ctermfg=或遇到ctermbg=时，将下一个单词突出显示为vimNumber、vimHiCtermColor、vimFgBgAttrib或vimHiCtermError< /代码>。查看vimHiCtermColor（上面的几行），我们看到这列出了所有颜色终端名称，并且它们突出显示为具有相同语法组的关键字。因此，我们可以单独突出显示它们，而不是一起突出显示它们。上述第一个解决方案的四行描述了步骤：
@vimHiCtermColors，其中包含步骤 2 中的每个组。vimHiCtermFgBg定义以使用@vimHiCtermColors而不是vimHiCtermColor。您尝试的方法不起作用的原因有两个。首先，在
nextgroup中指定的语法组优先于一般组（特别是您的yellow组）。但是，您可能会说，“containedin=ALL怎么样？”这是第二点。关键字是单独的单元，不能包含任何其他内容。原来的vimHiCtermColor组都是关键字，因此您的containedin=ALL无法覆盖它。如果vimHiCtermColor是匹配项而不是关键字，则它可能有效。Solution
Here's a direct answer for coloring just the word yellow.
And here's a solution for coloring all the color terminal names. They are only colored in the terminal (not the GUI), and other attributes (256-color terminal, GUI colors, attributes such as bold) are not highlighted at all. To extend this further, you'd probably want some sort of script to iterate over all the possible values.
Explanation
If you look in colors/vim.vim and search for
cterm, you'll see a lineThis says that, when
ctermfg=orctermbg=is encountered, highlight the next word asvimNumber,vimHiCtermColor,vimFgBgAttrib, orvimHiCtermError. Looking atvimHiCtermColor(a few lines above), we seeThis lists all of the color terminal names, and they are highlighted as keywords with the same syntax group. So, instead of highlighting them all together, we can highlight them separately. The four lines of the first solution above describe the steps:
@vimHiCtermColorscontaining each of the groups in step 2.vimHiCtermFgBgdefinition to use@vimHiCtermColorsinstead ofvimHiCtermColor.The reason why what you tried did not work is twofold. First, the syntax groups specified in the
nextgroupare preferred over general groups (youryellowgroup, in particular). But, you may say, "What aboutcontainedin=ALL?" This is the second point. Keywords are individual units and cannot contain anything else. The originalvimHiCtermColorgroup was all keywords, so yourcontainedin=ALLcould not override it. IfvimHiCtermColorhad been a match instead of a keyword, it may have worked.我希望
~/.vim/after/syntax/vim.vim方法能够工作，但是如果关键字（黄色）已经突出显示，您可能需要更改匹配器，例如：是您要突出显示的文件吗？
编辑
我查看了 java.vim 文件，看起来有很多重叠的语法组，这会使突出显示自定义变得非常困难。这就是我所做的，以防有帮助。
一个有用的映射是：
然后您可以将光标移到您感兴趣的内容上，然后按 F3 查看当前突出显示组是什么。作为测试，我在语法目录中打开 java.vim 并转到第 52 行，该行定义了 javaStorageClass。我决定突出显示该行上的“瞬态”一词（因为“黄色”不在文件中的任何位置，而我需要使用一些东西）。
我将光标移到
transient上并按 F3。 Vim 报告：它显然是 vimSynKeyRegion 的一部分，从名称中可以猜出它是
syn 区域。我决定进一步研究这个问题，因此我询问了当前的突出显示配置：这会生成一个包含所有语法信息的文件。我搜索了
vimSynKeyRegion并找到了这一行：vimSynKeyRegion已配置为包含名为vimSynKeyGroup的语法集群中的项目。因此，我们可以通过将瞬态作为该组中的关键字来突出显示它：虽然这可能不完全适合您想要做的事情，但希望它能为您提供一些可以使用的东西。您可能会发现某些部分无法覆盖（如果它们与关键字或类似内容匹配），但您始终可以重新定义突出显示以更改颜色，例如
希望所有这些都有帮助。
I would expect the
~/.vim/after/syntax/vim.vimapproach to work, but if the keyword (yellow) is already highlighted, you may need to change the matcher with something like:What is the file you're trying to highlight?
Edit
I've had a look at the java.vim file and it looks like there's a lot of overlapping syntax groups, which can make highlight customisation quite difficult. Here's what I did, in case it's helpful.
A useful mapping is:
You can then move the cursor over something you're interested in and press F3 to see what the current highlight group is. As a test, I opened java.vim in the syntax directory and went to line 52, which defines a javaStorageClass. I decided to highlight the word
transienton that line (asyellowwasn't in the file anywhere and I needed something to work with).I moved the cursor over
transientand pressed F3. Vim reported:It is obviously part of a vimSynKeyRegion, which one would guess from the name is a
syn region. I decided to look at this further, so I interrogated the current highlighting configuration:This produces a file containing all of the syntax information. I searched for
vimSynKeyRegionand found this line:The
vimSynKeyRegionhas been configured to contain items from the syntax cluster namedvimSynKeyGroup. Therefore, we can highlighttransientby making it a keyword in this group:Although this may not fit exactly into what you're wanting to do, hopefully it will give you something to work with. You may find some parts cannot be overridden (if they're matched with keywords or similar), but you can always redefine the highlighting to change the colour, e.g.
Hope all of that helps.