您如何规范一对一或另一方的关系?

发布于 2024-08-25 19:58:23 字数 110 浏览 5 评论 0原文

我正在存储棒球统计数据,并希望使用三个表来存储:球员、击球统计和投球统计。出于该问题的目的,每个球员都会有击球统计数据或投球统计数据,但不能同时具有两者。

我如何在 3NF 中规范这种关系?

I'm storing data on baseball statistics and would like to do so with three tables: players, battingStats, and pitchingStats. For the purpose of the question, each player will have batting stats or pitching stats, but not both.

How would I normalize such a relationship in 3NF?

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仙女 2024-09-01 19:58:23

PlayerId 将是 BattingStats 和 PitchingStats 表中的外键

[并记住在统计表中放入一些时间维度(季节、年份等)]

顺便说一句,这是一个错误的假设:据我所知,投手也可以击球!

PlayerId would be a foreign key in both BattingStats and PitchingStats tables

[and remember to put some time dimension (season, year, et al) in the stats tables]

and by the way, this is a bad assumption: as far as I know, pitchers are allowed to bat, too!

叹倦 2024-09-01 19:58:23

你真的要求不要使用超过 3 个表吗? 标准化通常意味着将一个非标准化模型分解为许多标准化关系。

如果您可以拥有 3 个以上的表,则可能需要考虑以下内容(在 3NF 中) :

Players:        ([player_id], name, date_of_birth, ...)
Batters:        ([batter_id], player_id)
Pitchers:       ([pitcher_id], player_id)
Batting_Stats:  ([batter_id, time_dimension], stat_1, stat_2, ...)
Pitching_Stats: ([pitcher_id, time_dimension], stat_1, stat_2, ...)

[] 中的属性定义主键,但定义代理键 如果愿意的话可以使用。击球手和投球中的 player_id 属性应具有唯一约束,它也应该是玩家关系的外键。 Batting_Stats 和 Pitching_Stats 也应该分别具有击球手和投球的外键。

但请注意,上述内容并不强制规定球员只能是击球手或投手。


更新:

我知道强制球员只能是击球手或投手的一种方法是通过此模型:

Players:        ([player_id], name, date_of_birth, ...)
Roles:          ([role_id, role_type], player_id)
Batting_Stats:  ([role_id, role_type, time_dimension], stat_1, stat_2, ...)
Pitching_Stats: ([role_id, role_type, time_dimension], stat_1, stat_2, ...)

role_type 应该定义投手或击球手。 Batting_Stats 和 Pitching_Stats 应该有一个使用 (role_id, role_type) 的角色复合外键。角色中 player_id 的唯一约束将确保一名玩家只能拥有一个角色。最后添加检查约束,以便Batting_Stats.role_type = 'Batter'Pitching_Stats.role_type = '投手'。这些检查约束保证 Batting_Stats 始终描述击球手,并注意投手。这同样适用于 Pitching_Stats。

Are you really required not to use more than 3 tables. Normalization normally implies breaking down one non-normalized model into many normalized relations.

If you can have more than 3 tables, you may want to consider the following (in 3NF):

Players:        ([player_id], name, date_of_birth, ...)
Batters:        ([batter_id], player_id)
Pitchers:       ([pitcher_id], player_id)
Batting_Stats:  ([batter_id, time_dimension], stat_1, stat_2, ...)
Pitching_Stats: ([pitcher_id, time_dimension], stat_1, stat_2, ...)

Attributes in [] define the primary key, but a surrogate key may be used if preferred. The player_id attribute in Batters and Pitches should have a unique constraint, and it should also be a foreign key to the Players relation. Batting_Stats and Pitching_Stats should also have a foreign key to Batters and Pitching respectively.

Note however that the above does not enforce that a player can be only a batter or only a pitcher.


UPDATE:

One method I am aware of to enforce that a player is only a batter or only a pitcher, is through this model:

Players:        ([player_id], name, date_of_birth, ...)
Roles:          ([role_id, role_type], player_id)
Batting_Stats:  ([role_id, role_type, time_dimension], stat_1, stat_2, ...)
Pitching_Stats: ([role_id, role_type, time_dimension], stat_1, stat_2, ...)

The role_type should define a pitcher or a batter. Batting_Stats and Pitching_Stats should have a composite foreign key to Roles using (role_id, role_type). A unique constraint on player_id in Roles would ensure that a player can only have one, and only one, role. Finally add check constraints so that Batting_Stats.role_type = 'Batter' and Pitching_Stats.role_type = 'Pitcher'. These check constraint guarantee that Batting_Stats is always describing a batter, and note a pitcher. The same applies for Pitching_Stats.

三生路 2024-09-01 19:58:23

我知道如何从实际角度实现这一点(我会在不相交的表上创建一个 UNIONed 视图,并在玩家 ID 上放置一个唯一索引 - 因此,它们只能出现在一个表中)。

或者在球员表中,记录他们拥有什么类型的统计数据,然后将其包含在统计数据表中的 FK 关系中。

但其中任何一个都可能比您想要的更接近金属。

I know how I would implement this from a practical perspective (I'd create a UNIONed view over the disjoint tables and put a unique index on the player ID - therefore, they can only appear in one table).

Or in the players table, record what type of statistics they have, and then include that in the FK relationship from the stats tables.

But either of these is probably closer to the metal than you want.

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