使用Fortran调用C++功能
我正在尝试获取一些 FORTRAN 代码来调用我编写的几个 C++ 函数(c_tabs_ 是其中之一)。只要我调用不属于某个类的函数,链接和一切都会正常工作。
我的问题是我希望 FORTRAN 代码调用的函数属于一个类。我使用 nm 查看了符号表,函数名称是这样的难看:
00000000 T _ZN9Interface7c_tabs_Ev
FORTRAN 不允许我用该名称调用函数,因为开头有下划线,所以我不知所措。
当 c_tabs 不在类中时,它的符号非常简单,FORTRAN 对此没有任何问题:
00000030 T c_tabs_
有什么建议吗?提前致谢。
I'm trying to get some FORTRAN code to call a couple c++ functions that I wrote (c_tabs_ being one of them). Linking and everything works just fine, as long as I'm calling functions that don't belong to a class.
My problem is that the functions I want the FORTRAN code to call belong to a class. I looked at the symbol table using nm and the function name is something ugly like this:
00000000 T _ZN9Interface7c_tabs_Ev
FORTRAN won't allow me to call a function by that name, because of the underscore at the beginning, so I'm at a loss.
The symbol for c_tabs when it's not in a class is quite simple, and FORTRAN has no problems with it:
00000030 T c_tabs_
Any suggestions? Thanks in advance.
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您必须创建 extern "C" 包装器来处理 FORTRAN 调用 C++ 的所有细节,名称修改是最明显的。
请注意,FORTRAN 编译器通过引用传递所有参数,而不是通过值传递。 (尽管我被告知严格来说这不是 FORTRAN 标准的一部分。)
You have to create
extern "C"
wrappers to handle all the details of FORTRAN calling C++, name mangling being the most obvious.Notice that FORTRAN compilers pass all arguments by reference, never by value. (Although I'm told this is not strictly speaking part of the FORTRAN standard.)
该名称已被破坏,这是 C++ 编译器对函数所做的操作,以允许函数重载和类型安全链接等操作。坦率地说,您极不可能从 FORTRAN 中调用成员函数(因为 FORTRAN 无法创建 C++ 类实例等原因) - 您应该用 C API 来表达您的接口,它可以从几乎任何地方调用。
The name has been mangled, which is what the C++ compiler does to functions to allow things like function overloading and type-safe linkage. Frankly, you are extremely unlikely to be able to call member functions from FORTRAN (because FORTRAN cannot create C++ class instances, among other reasons) - you should express your interface in terms of a C API, which will be callable from just about anywhere.
您将需要创建一个 C 风格的接口并“extern”它。 C++ 修饰方法名称(和重载函数)以进行链接。众所周知,将 C++ 与除 C++ 之外的任何内容联系起来都是非常困难的。有一些“方法”,但我强烈建议您简单地导出 C 接口并使用 Fortran 中提供的标准设施。
You will need to create a c-style interface and "extern" it. C++ mangles method names (and overloaded functions) for linking. It's notoriously difficult to link C++ with anything except C++. There are "ways" but I'd highly suggest that you simply export a C interface and use the standard facilities available in Fortran.
如果您使 C++ 例程具有 C 风格的接口(如前所述),则可以使用 Fortran 2003 的 ISO C 绑定功能来调用它。通过 ISO C 绑定,您可以指定例程的名称以及(在限制范围内)参数和函数返回的 C 类型和调用约定(引用、按值)。与从 Fortran 调用 C 的旧方法不同,此方法运行良好,并且具有作为标准的优点,因此依赖于编译器和平台。许多 Fortran 95 编译器都支持 ISO C 绑定,例如 gfortran >= 4.3。
If you make the C++ routine have a C-style interface (as described already), then you can use the ISO C Binding feature of Fortran 2003 to call it. With the ISO C Binding, you can specify the name of the routine and (within limits) the C-types and calling conventions (reference, by value) of the arguments and function return. This method works well and has the advantage of being a standard, and therefore compiler and platform dependent, unlike the old methods of calling C from Fortran. The ISO C Binding is supported by many Fortran 95 compilers, such as gfortran >= 4.3.