从表字段中选择不同的值
我正在努力理解 Django 的 ORM。我想要做的是在我的表上的字段中获取不同值的列表....相当于以下操作之一:(
SELECT DISTINCT myfieldname FROM mytable
或者)
SELECT myfieldname FROM mytable GROUP BY myfieldname
我至少想在诉诸原始方法之前以 Django 方式执行此操作sql。 例如,有一个表:
ID、街道、城市
赫尔大街 1 号
赫尔其他街 2 号
3,比布尔路,莱斯特
4,另一种方式,莱斯特
伦敦高街 5 号
我想得到:
赫尔城、莱斯特、伦迪迪姆。
I'm struggling getting my head around the Django's ORM. What I want to do is get a list of distinct values within a field on my table .... the equivalent of one of the following:
SELECT DISTINCT myfieldname FROM mytable
(or alternatively)
SELECT myfieldname FROM mytable GROUP BY myfieldname
I'd at least like to do it the Django way before resorting to raw sql.
For example, with a table:
id, street, city
1, Main Street, Hull
2, Other Street, Hull
3, Bibble Way, Leicester
4, Another Way, Leicester
5, High Street, Londidium
I'd like to get:
Hull, Leicester, Londidium.
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假设您的模型是“Shop”,
由于您可能设置了
Meta
类ordering
属性(它是元组或列表),因此您可以使用order_by()< /code> 不带参数,可在使用
distinct()
时清除任何顺序。请参阅order_by
() 下的文档和
distinct()
中该注释讨论了使用distinct()
进行排序的问题。要查询数据库,您只需调用:
它返回一个字典
或
此返回一个
ValuesListQuerySet
,您可以将其转换为list
。您还可以将
flat=True
添加到values_list
来展平结果。另请参阅:按字段获取查询集的不同值
Say your model is 'Shop'
Since you may have the
Meta
classordering
attribute set (which is tuple or a list), you can useorder_by()
without parameters to clear any ordering when usingdistinct()
. See the documentation underorder_by
()and
distinct()
in the note where it discusses issues with usingdistinct()
with ordering.To query your DB, you just have to call:
It returns a dictionary
or
This one returns a
ValuesListQuerySet
which you can cast to alist
.You can also add
flat=True
tovalues_list
to flatten the results.See also: Get distinct values of Queryset by field
除了仍然非常相关的 jujule 的答案之外,我发现了解
order_by()
ondistinct("field_name")
查询。 但是,这是 Postgres 特有的功能!如果您使用 Postgres 并且定义了一个查询应该不同的字段名称,那么
order_by()
需要以相同的字段名称(或多个字段名称)以相同的顺序开始(之后可能有更多字段)。例如,如果您想提取您知道的商店所在的城市列表,则 jujule 的示例必须适应于此:
In addition to the still very relevant answer of jujule, I find it quite important to also be aware of the implications of
order_by()
ondistinct("field_name")
queries. This is, however, a Postgres only feature!If you are using Postgres and if you define a field name that the query should be distinct for, then
order_by()
needs to begin with the same field name (or field names) in the same sequence (there may be more fields afterward).If you want to e.g. extract a list of cities that you know shops in, the example of jujule would have to be adapted to this:
举例来说:
By example:
SELECT DISTINCT 语句用于仅返回不同(不同)的值。在表中,一列通常包含许多重复值;使用 distinct() 我们可以获得唯一数据。
The SELECT DISTINCT statement is used to return only distinct (different) values. Inside a table, a column often contains many duplicate values; using distinct() we can get Unique data.
如果您不使用PostgreSQL并且您只想获取并仅使用一个特定字段进行区分,您可以使用
此查询集返回其“名称”字段是唯一的行通过具有相同名称的行数,
我知道返回的数据不完整,有时不令人满意,但有时很有用
文档参考
If you don't use PostgreSQL and you just want to get and distinct with only one specific field you can use
this queryset return us rows that their 'name' field is unique with the count of the rows that have same name
I know the returned data is not complete and sometimes is not satisfying but sometimes it's useful
document reference