图像中的噪声估计/噪声测量

发布于 2024-08-24 16:04:05 字数 260 浏览 8 评论 0原文

我想估计图像中的噪声。

让我们假设图像+白噪声的模型。 现在我想估计噪声方差。

我的方法是计算图像的局部方差(3*3到21*21块),然后找到局部方差相当恒定的区域(通过计算局部方差矩阵的局部方差)。 我假设这些区域是“平坦”的,因此方差几乎是“纯”噪声。

但我没有得到持续的结果。

有更好的办法吗?

谢谢。

聚苯乙烯 除了独立噪声之外,我无法对图像进行任何假设(这对于真实图像来说并不成立,但让我们假设它)。

I want to estimate the noise in an image.

Let's assume the model of an Image + White Noise.
Now I want to estimate the Noise Variance.

My method is to calculate the Local Variance (3*3 up to 21*21 Blocks) of the image and then find areas where the Local Variance is fairly constant (By calculating the Local Variance of the Local Variance Matrix).
I assume those areas are "Flat" hence the Variance is almost "Pure" noise.

Yet I don't get constant results.

Is there a better way?

Thanks.

P.S.
I can't assume anything about the Image but the independent noise (Which isn't true for real image yet let's assume it).

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评论(3

自此以后,行同陌路 2024-08-31 16:04:05

您可以使用以下方法来估计噪声方差(此实现仅适用于灰度图像):

def estimate_noise(I):

  H, W = I.shape

  M = [[1, -2, 1],
       [-2, 4, -2],
       [1, -2, 1]]

  sigma = np.sum(np.sum(np.absolute(convolve2d(I, M))))
  sigma = sigma * math.sqrt(0.5 * math.pi) / (6 * (W-2) * (H-2))

  return sigma

参考:J. Immerkær,“快速噪声方差估计”,计算机视觉和图像理解,卷。 64,第 2 期,第 300-302 页,1996 年 9 月 [PDF ]

You can use the following method to estimate the noise variance (this implementation works for grayscale images only):

def estimate_noise(I):

  H, W = I.shape

  M = [[1, -2, 1],
       [-2, 4, -2],
       [1, -2, 1]]

  sigma = np.sum(np.sum(np.absolute(convolve2d(I, M))))
  sigma = sigma * math.sqrt(0.5 * math.pi) / (6 * (W-2) * (H-2))

  return sigma

Reference: J. Immerkær, “Fast Noise Variance Estimation”, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 300-302, Sep. 1996 [PDF]

雄赳赳气昂昂 2024-08-31 16:04:05

Scikit Image 有一个效果很好的估计 sigma 函数:

http://scikit-image.org/docs/dev/api/skimage.restoration.html#skimage.restoration.estimate_sigma

它也适用于彩色图像,您只需设置 multichannel=Trueaverage_sigmas=True

import cv2
from skimage.restoration import estimate_sigma

def estimate_noise(image_path):
    img = cv2.imread(image_path)
    return estimate_sigma(img, multichannel=True, average_sigmas=True)

数字高意味着噪音低。

Scikit Image has an estimate sigma function that works pretty well:

http://scikit-image.org/docs/dev/api/skimage.restoration.html#skimage.restoration.estimate_sigma

it also works with color images, you just need to set multichannel=True and average_sigmas=True:

import cv2
from skimage.restoration import estimate_sigma

def estimate_noise(image_path):
    img = cv2.imread(image_path)
    return estimate_sigma(img, multichannel=True, average_sigmas=True)

High numbers mean low noise.

千と千尋 2024-08-31 16:04:05

从噪声中表征信号的问题并不容易。从你的问题来看,第一次尝试是描述二阶统计数据的特征:已知自然图像具有像素到像素的相关性,根据定义,这些相关性在白噪声中不存在。

在傅立叶空间中,相关性对应于能谱。众所周知,对于自然图像,它减小为 1/f^2 。因此,为了量化噪声,我建议使用两个假设(平坦和 1/f^2)计算图像频谱的相关系数,以便提取系数。

一些入门功能:

import numpy
def get_grids(N_X, N_Y):
    from numpy import mgrid
    return mgrid[-1:1:1j*N_X, -1:1:1j*N_Y]

def frequency_radius(fx, fy):
    R2 = fx**2 + fy**2
    (N_X, N_Y) = fx.shape
    R2[N_X/2, N_Y/2]= numpy.inf

    return numpy.sqrt(R2)

def enveloppe_color(fx, fy, alpha=1.0):
    # 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 are resp. white, pink, red, brown noise
    # (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1/f_noise )
    # enveloppe
    return 1. / frequency_radius(fx, fy)**alpha #

import scipy
image = scipy.lena()
N_X, N_Y = image.shape
fx, fy = get_grids(N_X, N_Y)
pink_spectrum = enveloppe_color(fx, fy)

from scipy.fftpack import fft2
power_spectrum = numpy.abs(fft2(image))**2

我推荐这个精彩论文了解更多详细信息。

The problem of characterizing signal from noise is not easy. From your question, a first try would be to characterize second order statistics: natural images are known to have pixel to pixel correlations that are -by definition- not present in white noise.

In Fourier space the correlation corresponds to the energy spectrum. It is known that for natural images, it decreases as 1/f^2 . To quantify noise, I would therefore recommend to compute the correlation coefficient of the spectrum of your image with both hypothesis (flat and 1/f^2), so that you extract the coefficient.

Some functions to start you up:

import numpy
def get_grids(N_X, N_Y):
    from numpy import mgrid
    return mgrid[-1:1:1j*N_X, -1:1:1j*N_Y]

def frequency_radius(fx, fy):
    R2 = fx**2 + fy**2
    (N_X, N_Y) = fx.shape
    R2[N_X/2, N_Y/2]= numpy.inf

    return numpy.sqrt(R2)

def enveloppe_color(fx, fy, alpha=1.0):
    # 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 are resp. white, pink, red, brown noise
    # (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1/f_noise )
    # enveloppe
    return 1. / frequency_radius(fx, fy)**alpha #

import scipy
image = scipy.lena()
N_X, N_Y = image.shape
fx, fy = get_grids(N_X, N_Y)
pink_spectrum = enveloppe_color(fx, fy)

from scipy.fftpack import fft2
power_spectrum = numpy.abs(fft2(image))**2

I recommend this wonderful paper for more details.

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