雪豹上的 python 需要 32 位 libxml2 吗？
我在我的 sl mbp 上安装 scrapy 真是太麻烦了。它需要 libxml2，所以我开始安装它。从 macports 安装它似乎并没有拉下 python 绑定。
通过 scrapy 的说明从源代码安装它（此处）确实安装python 绑定，但是当我运行 'python -c "import libxml2"' 时，我得到一个体系结构不匹配：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "libxml2.py", line 1, in <module>
import libxml2mod
ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site- packages/libxml2mod.so, 2): no suitable image found. Did find:
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site- packages/libxml2mod.so: mach-o, but wrong architecture
当我显式地将 libxml2 dll 构建为 32 位时，该错误消失，但由于其他原因，libxslt 不会构建库不是 32 位的。我害怕继续拉那根绳子。所以问题是 - python 仅限 32 位吗？我在这里做了什么蠢事吗？
编辑 - 这是 python 2.6
编辑 2 - 根据大众的需求，我在这里巩固了@Ned Deily 的精彩答案。所有的功劳都归功于他，我只是根据他的回复发布了我采取的步骤：
如果你一直在使用 mac 端口（并且没有通过它们安装任何你需要的其他东西），那么就用核武器攻击它们。
$ sudo rm -r /opt/local
将以下内容添加到 /opt/local/etc/macports/variants.conf 以防止使用以下命令下载整个 unix 库
+bash_completion +quartz +ssl +no_x11 +no_neon +no_tkinter +universal +libyaml -scientific
安装 macports 版本的 python
$ sudo port install python26
先决条件
sudo port install py26-libxml2 py26-twisted py26-openssl py26-simplejson py26-setuptools python_select
sudo python_select python26
安装 scrapy测试的 选择正确的 python：运行 $ which python，它应该显示类似于“/opt/local/bin/python”的内容，并且其本身应该是指向 /opt/ 的链接本地/bin/python2.6。
测试是否存在正确的体系结构：运行 file 'which python' （单引号应该是反引号，应该会输出（对于运行 10.6 的 intel mac）：
/opt/local/bin/python2.6: Mach-O universal binary with 2 architectures
/opt/local/bin/python2.6 (for architecture x86_64): Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64
/opt/local/bin/python2.6 (for architecture i386): Mach-O executable i386
测试 libxml 是否安装成功
$ python -c 'import libxml2'
如果一切顺利， ，你应该没有得到任何输出。
安装 scrapy
sudo /opt/local/bin/easy_install-2.6 scrapy
穿过街道（穿着衣服），庆幸一切都完成了，感谢 ned 的详细回复。
i'm having a hell of a time installing scrapy on my sl mbp. it requires libxml2, so i set about installing that. installing it from macports doesn't seem to pull down the python binding.
installing it from source through scrapy's instructions (here) does install the python bindings, but when i run 'python -c "import libxml2"' i get an architecture mismatch:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "libxml2.py", line 1, in <module>
import libxml2mod
ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site- packages/libxml2mod.so, 2): no suitable image found. Did find:
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site- packages/libxml2mod.so: mach-o, but wrong architecture
when i explicitly build the libxml2 dlls to be 32bit, that error goes away, but then libxslt won't build because of some other library not being 32 bit. i'm afraid to keep pulling on that string. so the question is - is python 32bit only? am i doing something stupid here?
edit - this is python 2.6
edit 2 - by popular demand, i'm consolidating @Ned Deily's awesome answer up here. all credit to him, i'm just posting the steps i took based on his response:
if you've been screwing around with mac ports, (and haven't installed anything else through them that you need), nuke them.
$ sudo rm -r /opt/local
add the following to /opt/local/etc/macports/variants.conf to prevent downloading the entire unix library with the next commands
+bash_completion +quartz +ssl +no_x11 +no_neon +no_tkinter +universal +libyaml -scientific
install the macports version of python
$ sudo port install python26
install the pre-reqs for scrapy
sudo port install py26-libxml2 py26-twisted py26-openssl py26-simplejson py26-setuptools python_select
sudo python_select python26
test that the correct python is selected: run $ which python, which should say something along the lines of '/opt/local/bin/python', and that in its own right should be a link to /opt/local/bin/python2.6.
test that the correct architectures are present: run file 'which python' (the single quotes should be backticks, which should spit out (for intel macs running 10.6):
/opt/local/bin/python2.6: Mach-O universal binary with 2 architectures
/opt/local/bin/python2.6 (for architecture x86_64): Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64
/opt/local/bin/python2.6 (for architecture i386): Mach-O executable i386
test that libxml installed successfully
$ python -c 'import libxml2'
if all is well, you should get no output.
install scrapy
sudo /opt/local/bin/easy_install-2.6 scrapy
run through the streets (fully clothed) rejoicing that everything is done. again, thanks to ned for the detailed response.
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从回溯中的路径来看，您似乎已经安装并正在尝试使用 python.org python 2.6.4 （安装到
/Library/Frameworks/Python.frameworks...）。该Python仅是32位的。默认情况下，在 10.6 上，MacPorts 尝试安装 64 位版本的软件包。您可以通过在 MacPorts 安装命令中指定+universal变体或将其添加到/opt/local/etc/macports/variants.conf来更改大多数 MacPorts 软件包的设置。但是，由于您需要各种软件包，如果您只需要为自己的计算机安装此软件包，您可能会发现使用 MacPorts 安装完整的 python2.6 64 位解决方案要容易得多。除了 scrapy 本身之外，您应该可以在那里找到几乎所有您需要的软件包。您需要修改 $PATH 以添加/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin和/opt/local/bin在其中包含 Python 的任何其他目录之前。像这样的东西应该可以工作（未经测试！）：编辑：对于 10.6，由于在 64 位模式下缺乏 Tk 支持的一些问题，Tk 默认为您可能既不想要也不需要的 X11 版本。我将以下变体添加到 10.6 的
/opt/local/etc/macports/variants.conf（并非所有变体都适用于 python 和朋友）：编辑：如果 MacPorts 安装正确，您应该在 10.6 上看到类似的内容：
如果您添加了
+universal变体，否则您可能只会看到单个 x86_64 或 i386 架构。使用相对路径时，请确保您的 shell $PATH 首先具有两个 MacPorts 目录：
您可能需要编辑
~/.bash_profile或其他 shell 文件以使该更改“永久”。如果您希望裸python命令引用 MacPorts Python，请确保运行上面显示的python_select命令。如果您仍然遇到问题，MacPorts 的一个好处是可以轻松删除并重新开始；只需：并下载 MacPorts 10.6 安装程序。但你真的不应该这样做。我认为解决这个问题并使其正常工作确实符合您的最大利益，因为它可能会在未来为您省去很多麻烦。
From the paths in your traceback, it appears you have installed and are trying to use the python.org python 2.6.4 (installed to
/Library/Frameworks/Python.frameworks...). That python is 32-bit only. By default on 10.6, MacPorts tries to install 64-bit versions of packages. You can change that for most MacPorts packages by specfying the+universalvariant on your MacPorts install commands or by adding it to/opt/local/etc/macports/variants.conf. But, since you need a variety of packages, if you just need this for your own machine you'll likely find it much easier to just install a complete python2.6 64-bit solution using MacPorts. Other than scrapy itself, you should find nearly all of the packages you need already there. You'll need to modify your $PATH to add/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/binand/opt/local/binbefore any other directories with Python in them. Something like this should work (untested!):EDIT: For 10.6, due to some issues with lack of Tk support in 64-bit mode, Tk defaults to the X11 version which you probably neither want nor need. I add the following variants to
/opt/local/etc/macports/variants.conffor 10.6 (not all of them are applicable to python and friends):EDIT: If MacPorts is installed properly, you should see something like this on 10.6:
That's if you've added the
+universalvariant, otherwise you may just see a single x86_64 or i386 architecture.When using relative paths, make sure your shell $PATH has the two MacPorts directories first:
You may need to edit your
~/.bash_profileor other shell file to make that change "permanent". If you want the barepythoncommand to refer to the MacPorts Python, make sure to run thepython_selectcommand shown above. If you are still having problems, a nice thing about MacPorts is it is easy to delete and start over again; just:and download the MacPorts 10.6 installer. But you really shouldn't have to do that. And I think it would really be in your best interests to get this fixed and working as it will likely save you lots of headaches in the future.
我有一个小便条要贡献。在尝试跟进这篇文章时，我开始安装三个 Python：
我的麻烦是：
当我需要它使用 Macports 版本时，总是默认为 2.7。以下内容没有帮助：
我什至删除了仅导致错误的 2.7 版本。
我发现我需要使用以下命令更改 Macports 版本的默认路径：
然后重新启动端口等。
最后，我无法通过这些说明默认引用 scrapy-ctl.py 文件，所以我不得不直接引用 scrapy-ctl.py 文件
更新
这篇文章的快速附录，其中包含创建链接的说明，找到Scrapy 网站（#2 和 #3）。
开始
从#2“将 Scrapy 添加到您的 Python 路径”和#3“使 scrapy 命令可用”
I have a small note to contribute. While attempting to follow-along on this post, I began with three installs of Python:
My trouble was that:
would always default to the 2.7 when I needed it to use the Macports version. The following did not help:
I even removed the 2.7 version which caused only an error.
I figured out I needed to change the default path to the Macports version using the following:
And then reinitiate the ports, etc.
Finally, I was not able to reference the scrapy-ctl.py file by default through these instructions so I had to reference the scrapy-ctl.py file directly
UPDATE
A quick addendum to this post with instructions to create the link, found on the Scrapy site (#2 and #3).
Starting with #2, "Add Scrapy to your Python Path"
And #3, "Make the scrapy command available"
尝试安装但仍然很困难。
当我：
我收到错误消息并且它停止
时，我从头开始构建 Scrapy，效果很好。
然后我试试你写的
/path/to/scrapy 在哪里？是：
还是
在其他地方？
Trying to install but still struggling.
When I:
I get error message and it stops
Instead I build Scrapy from scratch which works fine.
Then I try what you write
Where is /path/to/scrapy? Is that:
or
or is somewhere else?
感谢 @Ned Deily
如果您想在 OS X 10.6 上运行 Scrapy 0.8，这些步骤似乎有效。它使用 Macports 安装 Python 2.6，而不是与操作系统捆绑的安装。步骤假设 Macports 尚未安装。
从此处获取最新的 MacPorts 安装程序并安装：
http://www.macports.org/install.php
将您的 ~.profile 更改为：
Credit to @Ned Deily
These steps seem to work if you want to run Scrapy 0.8 on OS X 10.6. It uses Macports install of Python 2.6 rather than the one bundled with the OS. Steps assume Macports is not installed yet.
Get latest MacPorts installer from here and install:
http://www.macports.org/install.php
Change your ~.profile to: