为什么在 Windows 上安装预编译版本的 LAPACK 时出现错误？

Question

我正在尝试使用犰狳矩阵库进行矩阵计算，它需要 BLAS 和 LAPACK。 Armadillo 文档建议从 http://www.stanford.edu/ 获取预编译版本~vkl/code/libs.html

里面有 .lib 和 .dll 文件。唯一的问题是我不知道如何让 Visual Studio（Express Edition 2008）识别这些文件。我尝试将它们复制到 Visual C++ include 和 lib 目录 C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\ 和 C:\Program Files (x86) \Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\lib\，但它似乎没有做任何事情，因为当我尝试编译我的程序时，我收到很多“无法解析的外部符号”错误，说它找不到LAPACK 函数。

以下是错误消息：

1>Linking...
1>LINK : warning LNK4076: invalid incremental status file 'C:\Users\User\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\TentPitcher\Debug\TentPitcher.ilk'; linking nonincrementally
1>   Creating library C:\Users\User\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\TentPitcher\Debug\TentPitcher.lib and object C:\Users\User\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\TentPitcher\Debug\TentPitcher.exp
1>Cell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _zgetrf_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::lapack::getrf_<double>(int *,int *,double *,int *,int *,int *)" (??$getrf_@N@lapack@arma@@YAXPAH0PAN000@Z)
1>ThreeCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _zgetrf_
1>Cell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _cgetrf_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::lapack::getrf_<double>(int *,int *,double *,int *,int *,int *)" (??$getrf_@N@lapack@arma@@YAXPAH0PAN000@Z)
1>ThreeCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _cgetrf_
1>Cell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _dgetrf_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::lapack::getrf_<double>(int *,int *,double *,int *,int *,int *)" (??$getrf_@N@lapack@arma@@YAXPAH0PAN000@Z)
1>ThreeCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _dgetrf_
1>Cell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _sgetrf_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::lapack::getrf_<double>(int *,int *,double *,int *,int *,int *)" (??$getrf_@N@lapack@arma@@YAXPAH0PAN000@Z)
1>ThreeCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _sgetrf_
1>Cell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _zgemv_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::blas::gemv_<double>(char const *,int const *,int const *,double const *,double const *,int const *,double const *,int const *,double const *,double *,int const *)" (??$gemv_@N@blas@arma@@YAXPBDPBH1PBN21212PAN1@Z)
1>ThreeCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _zgemv_
1>TwoCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _zgemv_
1>Cell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _cgemv_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::blas::gemv_<double>(char const *,int const *,int const *,double const *,double const *,int const *,double const *,int const *,double const *,double *,int const *)" (??$gemv_@N@blas@arma@@YAXPBDPBH1PBN21212PAN1@Z)
1>ThreeCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _cgemv_
1>TwoCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _cgemv_
1>Cell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _dgemv_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::blas::gemv_<double>(char const *,int const *,int const *,double const *,double const *,int const *,double const *,int const *,double const *,double *,int const *)" (??$gemv_@N@blas@arma@@YAXPBDPBH1PBN21212PAN1@Z)
1>ThreeCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _dgemv_
1>TwoCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _dgemv_
1>Cell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _sgemv_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::blas::gemv_<double>(char const *,int const *,int const *,double const *,double const *,int const *,double const *,int const *,double const *,double *,int const *)" (??$gemv_@N@blas@arma@@YAXPBDPBH1PBN21212PAN1@Z)
1>ThreeCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _sgemv_
1>TwoCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _sgemv_
1>Cell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _zgemm_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::blas::gemm_<double>(char const *,char const *,int const *,int const *,int const *,double const *,double const *,int const *,double const *,int const *,double const *,double *,int const *)" (??$gemm_@N@blas@arma@@YAXPBD0PBH11PBN21212PAN1@Z)
1>ThreeCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _zgemm_
1>TwoCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _zgemm_
1>Cell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _cgemm_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::blas::gemm_<double>(char const *,char const *,int const *,int const *,int const *,double const *,double const *,int const *,double const *,int const *,double const *,double *,int const *)" (??$gemm_@N@blas@arma@@YAXPBD0PBH11PBN21212PAN1@Z)
1>ThreeCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _cgemm_
1>TwoCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _cgemm_
1>Cell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _dgemm_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::blas::gemm_<double>(char const *,char const *,int const *,int const *,int const *,double const *,double const *,int const *,double const *,int const *,double const *,double *,int const *)" (??$gemm_@N@blas@arma@@YAXPBD0PBH11PBN21212PAN1@Z)
1>ThreeCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _dgemm_
1>TwoCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _dgemm_
1>Cell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _sgemm_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::blas::gemm_<double>(char const *,char const *,int const *,int const *,int const *,double const *,double const *,int const *,double const *,int const *,double const *,double *,int const *)" (??$gemm_@N@blas@arma@@YAXPBD0PBH11PBN21212PAN1@Z)
1>ThreeCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _sgemm_
1>TwoCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _sgemm_
1>Cell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _zgetri_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::lapack::getri_<double>(int *,double *,int *,int *,double *,int *,int *)" (??$getri_@N@lapack@arma@@YAXPAHPAN00100@Z)
1>ThreeCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _zgetri_
1>Cell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _cgetri_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::lapack::getri_<double>(int *,double *,int *,int *,double *,int *,int *)" (??$getri_@N@lapack@arma@@YAXPAHPAN00100@Z)
1>ThreeCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _cgetri_
1>Cell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _dgetri_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::lapack::getri_<double>(int *,double *,int *,int *,double *,int *,int *)" (??$getri_@N@lapack@arma@@YAXPAHPAN00100@Z)
1>ThreeCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _dgetri_
1>Cell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _sgetri_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::lapack::getri_<double>(int *,double *,int *,int *,double *,int *,int *)" (??$getri_@N@lapack@arma@@YAXPAHPAN00100@Z)
1>ThreeCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _sgetri_
1>TwoCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _dgesvd_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::lapack::gesvd_<double>(char *,char *,int *,int *,double *,int *,double *,double *,int *,double *,int *,double *,int *,int *)" (??$gesvd_@N@lapack@arma@@YAXPAD0PAH1PAN122121211@Z)
1>TwoCell3DXT.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _sgesvd_ referenced in function "void __cdecl arma::lapack::gesvd_<double>(char *,char *,int *,int *,double *,int *,double *,double *,int *,double *,int *,double *,int *,int *)" (??$gesvd_@N@lapack@arma@@YAXPAD0PAH1PAN122121211@Z)
1>C:\Users\User\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\TentPitcher\Debug\TentPitcher.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 18 unresolved externals
1>Build log was saved at "file://c:\Users\User\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\TentPitcher\TentPitcher\Debug\BuildLog.htm"
1>TentPitcher - 43 error(s), 1 warning(s)

“Cell3DXT”、“TwoCell3DXT”和“ThreeCell3DXT”是我自己的代码中的类。另外，在上面的 LAPACK 和 BLAS 文件中，还有“.exp 文件”——它们是什么？它们与问题有关系吗？

Answer 1

我找到了问题的答案。问题是我知道我必须将包含 LAPACK .lib 文件的目录放入库目录列表中（工具 -> 选项 -> 项目和解决方案 -> VC++ 目录 -> 库文件），但忘记了这一点我还必须将其添加到项目 -> 下的“附加依赖项”中（项目名称）属性->链接器->输入。

Answer 2

我遇到了同样的问题，但我解决了如下问题：

1. 从 victor 的站点下载并提取 LAPACK (LIB+DLL) 和 BLASS (LIB+DLL)，
2. 将 LAPACK 和 BLASS 路径添加到链接器搜索目录，例如“Project->” Code::Blocks 中的“构建选项->搜索目录->链接器”，
3. 将 lapack_win32.lib 添加到链接器设置，
4. 在 [Armadillo PATH]/include/armadillo_bits/config.hpp 中取消注释 `#define ARMA_USE_LAPACK'