Prolog:识别 n >= 1 的 a^nb^(n+1) 语言

发布于 2024-08-22 22:22:50 字数 254 浏览 5 评论 0原文

我知道我需要自己搞清楚作业,但看到班上没有人能搞清楚,我需要一些帮助。

编写一个 Prolog 程序,使得 p(X) 如果 X 是由 n 组成的列表,则为 true 对于任何 n >= 1a 后跟 n+1 b。 p>

I understand that I need to figure out my own homework, but seeing that noone in the class can figure it out, I need some help.

Write a Prolog program such that p(X)
is true if X is a list consisting of n
a's followed by n+1 b's, for any n >= 1.

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何以笙箫默 2024-08-29 22:22:50

我不记得如何在 Prolog 中编写此代码,但想法是这样的:

规则 1:
如果 listsize 为 1,则如果该元素是 B,则返回 true。

规则 2:
如果列表大小为 2,则返回 false。

规则 3:
检查列表中的第一项是否为 A,最后一项是否为 B。
如果这是真的,则将元素 2 的解返回给 listsize-1。

如果我正确理解你的问题,那应该是完美的 Prolog 风格的解决方案。

编辑:我完全忘记了这一点。我编辑了答案以考虑 n = 1 和 n = 2 的情况。感谢 Heath Hunnicutt。

I don't remember how to code this in Prolog, but the idea is this:

Rule 1:
If listsize is 1, return true if the element is a B.

Rule 2:
If listsize is 2, return false.

Rule 3:
Check if the first item in the list is an A and the last one is a B.
If this is true, return the solution for elements 2 to listsize-1.

If I understood your problem correctly that should be the perfect Prolog style solution.

Edit: I totally forgot about this. I edited the answer to consider the case of n = 1 and n = 2. Thanks to Heath Hunnicutt.

轻许诺言 2024-08-29 22:22:50

您应该使用计数器来跟踪到目前为止您发现的内容。当您找到 b 时,将计数器加一。当找到 a 时,减一。遍历整个列表后计数器的最终值应该为 1,因为您希望 b 的数量比 a 的数量多 1 。下面是如何在代码中编写该代码的示例:

% When we see an "a" at the head of a list, we decrement the counter.
validList([a|Tail], Counter) :-
  NewCounter is Counter - 1,
  validList(Tail, NewCounter).

% When we see an "b" at the head of a list, we increment the counter.
validList([b|Tail], Counter) :-
  NewCounter is Counter + 1,
  validList(Tail, NewCounter).

% When we have been through the whole list, the counter should be 1.
validList([], 1).

% Shortcut for calling the function with a single parameter.
p(X) :-
  validList(X, 0).

现在,这几乎可以满足您的要求 - 它匹配所有 n >= 0 的规则,而您想要的对于所有n >= 1。按照典型的家庭作业回答方式,我把最后一点留给你自己补充。

You should use a counter to keep track of what you have found so far. When you find an b, add one to the counter. When you find a a, subtract one. The final value of your counter after the whole list is traversed should be one, since you want the number of b's to be 1 more than the number of a's. Here's an example of how to write that in code:

% When we see an "a" at the head of a list, we decrement the counter.
validList([a|Tail], Counter) :-
  NewCounter is Counter - 1,
  validList(Tail, NewCounter).

% When we see an "b" at the head of a list, we increment the counter.
validList([b|Tail], Counter) :-
  NewCounter is Counter + 1,
  validList(Tail, NewCounter).

% When we have been through the whole list, the counter should be 1.
validList([], 1).

% Shortcut for calling the function with a single parameter.
p(X) :-
  validList(X, 0).

Now, this will do almost what you want - it matches the rules for all n >= 0, while you want it for all n >= 1. In typical homework answer fashion, I've left that last bit for you to add yourself.

淡淡绿茶香 2024-08-29 22:22:50

这是我的深奥解决方案

:-use_module(library(clpfd)).

n(L, N) -->
    [L],
    {N1 #= N-1
    },
    !, n(L, N1).
n(_, 0) --> [], !.

ab -->
    n(a, N),
    {N1 is N + 1
    },
    n(b, N1).

p(X) :- phrase(ab, X).

test :-
    p([b]),
    p([a,b,b]),
    p([a,a,b,b,b]),
    p([a,a,a,b,b,b,b]),
    \+ p([a]),
    \+ p([a,b]),
    \+ p([a,a,b,b]),
    \+ p([a,b,b,c]).

测试:

 ?- [ab].
% ab compiled 0.00 sec, -36 bytes
true.

 ?- test.
true.

Here is my abstruse solution

:-use_module(library(clpfd)).

n(L, N) -->
    [L],
    {N1 #= N-1
    },
    !, n(L, N1).
n(_, 0) --> [], !.

ab -->
    n(a, N),
    {N1 is N + 1
    },
    n(b, N1).

p(X) :- phrase(ab, X).

test :-
    p([b]),
    p([a,b,b]),
    p([a,a,b,b,b]),
    p([a,a,a,b,b,b,b]),
    \+ p([a]),
    \+ p([a,b]),
    \+ p([a,a,b,b]),
    \+ p([a,b,b,c]).

testing:

 ?- [ab].
% ab compiled 0.00 sec, -36 bytes
true.

 ?- test.
true.
~没有更多了~
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