如何为 Python 迭代器编写分页器?

发布于 2024-08-22 19:55:06 字数 3026 浏览 6 评论 0原文

我正在寻找一种“翻阅”Python 迭代器的方法。也就是说,我想用另一个迭代器包装给定的迭代器 iterpage_size ,该迭代器会将 iter 中的项目作为一系列“页面”返回。每个页面本身就是一个迭代器,最多可进行 page_size 次迭代。

我查看了 itertools ,我看到的最接近的是 itertools.islice。在某些方面,我想要的是 itertools.chain ——我不想将一系列迭代器链接到一个迭代器中,而是想将迭代器分解为一系列较小的迭代器。我本来希望在 itertools 中找到一个分页函数,但找不到。

我想出了以下寻呼机课程和演示。

class pager(object):
    """
    takes the iterable iter and page_size to create an iterator that "pages through" iter.  That is, pager returns a series of page iterators,
    each returning up to page_size items from iter.
    """
    def __init__(self,iter, page_size):
        self.iter = iter
        self.page_size = page_size
    def __iter__(self):
        return self
    def next(self):
        # if self.iter has not been exhausted, return the next slice
        # I'm using a technique from 
        # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1264319/need-to-add-an-element-at-the-start-of-an-iterator-in-python
        # to check for iterator completion by cloning self.iter into 3 copies:
        # 1) self.iter gets advanced to the next page
        # 2) peek is used to check on whether self.iter is done
        # 3) iter_for_return is to create an independent page of the iterator to be used by caller of pager
        self.iter, peek, iter_for_return = itertools.tee(self.iter, 3)
        try:
            next_v = next(peek)
        except StopIteration: # catch the exception and then raise it
            raise StopIteration
        else:
            # consume the page from the iterator so that the next page is up in the next iteration
            # is there a better way to do this?
            # 
            for i in itertools.islice(self.iter,self.page_size): pass
            return itertools.islice(iter_for_return,self.page_size)



iterator_size = 10
page_size = 3

my_pager = pager(xrange(iterator_size),page_size)

# skip a page, then print out rest, and then show the first page
page1 = my_pager.next()

for page in my_pager:
    for i in page:
        print i
    print "----"

print "skipped first page: " , list(page1)   

我正在寻找一些反馈,并有以下问题:

  1. itertools 中是否已有一个寻呼机可以为我忽略的寻呼机提供服务?
  2. 克隆 self.iter 3 次对我来说似乎很笨拙。一种克隆是检查 self.iter 是否还有更多项目。我决定选择 Alex Martelli 建议的技术(注意他写了一个包装技术)。第二个克隆是为了使返回的页面独立于内部迭代器(self.iter)。有没有办法避免产生 3 个克隆?
  3. 除了捕获并再次引发异常之外,还有更好的方法来处理 StopIteration 异常吗?我很想完全不去抓住它,让它冒泡。

谢谢! -雷蒙德

I'm looking for a way to "page through" a Python iterator. That is, I would like to wrap a given iterator iter and page_size with another iterator that would would return the items from iter as a series of "pages". Each page would itself be an iterator with up to page_size iterations.

I looked through itertools and the closest thing I saw is itertools.islice. In some ways, what I'd like is the opposite of itertools.chain -- instead of chaining a series of iterators together into one iterator, I'd like to break an iterator up into a series of smaller iterators. I was expecting to find a paging function in itertools but couldn't locate one.

I came up with the following pager class and demonstration.

class pager(object):
    """
    takes the iterable iter and page_size to create an iterator that "pages through" iter.  That is, pager returns a series of page iterators,
    each returning up to page_size items from iter.
    """
    def __init__(self,iter, page_size):
        self.iter = iter
        self.page_size = page_size
    def __iter__(self):
        return self
    def next(self):
        # if self.iter has not been exhausted, return the next slice
        # I'm using a technique from 
        # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1264319/need-to-add-an-element-at-the-start-of-an-iterator-in-python
        # to check for iterator completion by cloning self.iter into 3 copies:
        # 1) self.iter gets advanced to the next page
        # 2) peek is used to check on whether self.iter is done
        # 3) iter_for_return is to create an independent page of the iterator to be used by caller of pager
        self.iter, peek, iter_for_return = itertools.tee(self.iter, 3)
        try:
            next_v = next(peek)
        except StopIteration: # catch the exception and then raise it
            raise StopIteration
        else:
            # consume the page from the iterator so that the next page is up in the next iteration
            # is there a better way to do this?
            # 
            for i in itertools.islice(self.iter,self.page_size): pass
            return itertools.islice(iter_for_return,self.page_size)



iterator_size = 10
page_size = 3

my_pager = pager(xrange(iterator_size),page_size)

# skip a page, then print out rest, and then show the first page
page1 = my_pager.next()

for page in my_pager:
    for i in page:
        print i
    print "----"

print "skipped first page: " , list(page1)   

I'm looking for some feedback and have the following questions:

  1. Is there a pager already in itertools that serves a pager that I'm overlooking?
  2. Cloning self.iter 3 times seems kludgy to me. One clone is to check whether self.iter has any more items. I decided to go with a technique Alex Martelli suggested (aware that he wrote of a wrapping technique). The second clone was to enable the returned page to be independent of the internal iterator (self.iter). Is there a way to avoid making 3 clones?
  3. Is there a better way to deal with the StopIteration exception beside catching it and then raising it again? I am tempted to not catch it at all and let it bubble up.

Thanks!
-Raymond

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别忘他 2024-08-29 19:55:06

查看 grouper(),来自 <代码>itertools食谱

from itertools import zip_longest

def grouper(iterable, n, fillvalue=None):
    "Collect data into fixed-length chunks or blocks"
    # grouper('ABCDEFG', 3, 'x') --> ABC DEF Gxx"
    args = [iter(iterable)] * n
    return zip_longest(*args, fillvalue=fillvalue)

Look at grouper(), from the itertools recipes.

from itertools import zip_longest

def grouper(iterable, n, fillvalue=None):
    "Collect data into fixed-length chunks or blocks"
    # grouper('ABCDEFG', 3, 'x') --> ABC DEF Gxx"
    args = [iter(iterable)] * n
    return zip_longest(*args, fillvalue=fillvalue)
如此安好 2024-08-29 19:55:06

你为什么不使用这个?

def grouper( page_size, iterable ):
    page= []
    for item in iterable:
        page.append( item )
        if len(page) == page_size:
            yield page
            page= []
    yield page

“每个页面本身就是一个迭代器,最多包含 page_size”项。每个页面都是一个简单的项目列表,它是可迭代的。您可以使用 yield iter(page) 来生成迭代器而不是对象,但我不知道这如何改进任何东西。

它在最后抛出一个标准的 StopIteration

你还想要什么?

Why aren't you using this?

def grouper( page_size, iterable ):
    page= []
    for item in iterable:
        page.append( item )
        if len(page) == page_size:
            yield page
            page= []
    yield page

"Each page would itself be an iterator with up to page_size" items. Each page is a simple list of items, which is iterable. You could use yield iter(page) to yield the iterator instead of the object, but I don't see how that improves anything.

It throws a standard StopIteration at the end.

What more would you want?

倦话 2024-08-29 19:55:06

我会这样做:

def pager(iterable, page_size):
    args = [iter(iterable)] * page_size
    fillvalue = object()
    for group in izip_longest(fillvalue=fillvalue, *args):
        yield (elem for elem in group if elem is not fillvalue)

这样,None 就可以是迭代器吐出的合法值。 过滤掉单个对象fillvalue,并且它不可能是可迭代的元素。

I'd do it like this:

def pager(iterable, page_size):
    args = [iter(iterable)] * page_size
    fillvalue = object()
    for group in izip_longest(fillvalue=fillvalue, *args):
        yield (elem for elem in group if elem is not fillvalue)

That way, None can be a legitimate value that the iterator spits out. Only the single object fillvalue filtered out, and it cannot possibly be an element of the iterable.

醉生梦死 2024-08-29 19:55:06

基于指向 grouper() 的 itertools 配方的指针,我想出了以下对 grouper() 的修改来模仿 Pager。我想过滤掉任何 None 结果,并想返回一个迭代器而不是一个元组(尽管我怀疑进行此转换可能没有什么优势),

# based on http://docs.python.org/library/itertools.html#recipes
def grouper2(n, iterable, fillvalue=None):
    args = [iter(iterable)] * n
    for item in izip_longest(fillvalue=fillvalue, *args):
        yield iter(filter(None,item))

我欢迎就如何改进此代码提供反馈。

Based on the pointer to the itertools recipe for grouper(), I came up with the following adaption of grouper() to mimic Pager. I wanted to filter out any None results and wanted to return an iterator rather than a tuple (though I suspect that there might be little advantage in doing this conversion)

# based on http://docs.python.org/library/itertools.html#recipes
def grouper2(n, iterable, fillvalue=None):
    args = [iter(iterable)] * n
    for item in izip_longest(fillvalue=fillvalue, *args):
        yield iter(filter(None,item))

I'd welcome feedback on how what I can do to improve this code.

等待我真够勒 2024-08-29 19:55:06
def group_by(iterable, size):
    """Group an iterable into lists that don't exceed the size given.

    >>> group_by([1,2,3,4,5], 2)
    [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5]]

    """
    sublist = []

    for index, item in enumerate(iterable):
        if index > 0 and index % size == 0:
            yield sublist
            sublist = []

        sublist.append(item)

    if sublist:
        yield sublist
def group_by(iterable, size):
    """Group an iterable into lists that don't exceed the size given.

    >>> group_by([1,2,3,4,5], 2)
    [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5]]

    """
    sublist = []

    for index, item in enumerate(iterable):
        if index > 0 and index % size == 0:
            yield sublist
            sublist = []

        sublist.append(item)

    if sublist:
        yield sublist
森罗 2024-08-29 19:55:06

more_itertools.chunked 将会完全按照您的方式进行寻找:

>>> import more_itertools
>>> list(chunked([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 3))
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]

如果您希望在不创建临时列表的情况下进行分块,则可以使用 more_itertools.ichunked

该库还有许多其他不错的选项,可用于有效分组、窗口、切片等。

more_itertools.chunked will do exactly what you're looking for:

>>> import more_itertools
>>> list(chunked([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 3))
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]

If you want the chunking without creating temporary lists, you can use more_itertools.ichunked.

That library also has lots of other nice options for efficiently grouping, windowing, slicing, etc.

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