Python：如何使用 Python 绘制 3D 图形？

发布于 2024-08-22 07:29:26 字数 399 浏览 2 评论 0原文

我正在使用 matplotlib 来执行此操作

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)

x = [6,3,6,9,12,24]
y = [3,5,78,12,23,56]

ax.plot(x, y, zs=0, zdir='z', label='zs=0, zdir=z')

plt.show()

现在这会构建一个在 3d 空间中水平的图形。如何使图表垂直以使其面向用户？

我想要做的是构建多个这样的垂直图，这些垂直图相隔一定距离并面向用户。

原文

I am using matplotlib for doing this

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)

x = [6,3,6,9,12,24]
y = [3,5,78,12,23,56]

ax.plot(x, y, zs=0, zdir='z', label='zs=0, zdir=z')

plt.show()

Now this builds a graph that is horizontal in the 3d space. How do I make the graph vertical so that it faces the user?

What I want to do is build multiple such vertical graphs that are separated by some distance and are facing the user.

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無心 2024-08-29 07:29:26

英国石油公司的答案可能很好，但还有一种更简单的方法。

您当前的图形在 z 轴上是“平坦”的，这就是它是水平的原因。您希望它是垂直的，这意味着您希望它在 y 轴上“平坦”。这涉及对代码进行最微小的修改：

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)

x = [6,3,6,9,12,24]
y = [3,5,78,12,23,56]
# put 0s on the y-axis, and put the y axis on the z-axis
ax.plot(xs=x, ys=[0]*len(x), zs=y, zdir='z', label='ys=0, zdir=z')
plt.show()

然后，您可以通过使用 ys 参数的不同值轻松获得多个此类图（例如，ys=[2]*len(x) 会将图略落后）。

bp's answer might work fine, but there's a much simpler way.

Your current graph is 'flat' on the z-axis, which is why it's horizontal. You want it to be vertical, which means that you want it to be 'flat' on the y-axis. This involves the tiniest modification to your code:

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)

x = [6,3,6,9,12,24]
y = [3,5,78,12,23,56]
# put 0s on the y-axis, and put the y axis on the z-axis
ax.plot(xs=x, ys=[0]*len(x), zs=y, zdir='z', label='ys=0, zdir=z')
plt.show()

Then you can easily have multiple such graphs by using different values for the ys parameter (for example, ys=[2]*len(x) instead would put the graph slightly behind).

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黑白记忆 2024-08-29 07:29:26

您可以使用 view_init() 函数设置 3d 图的视角。下面的示例适用于 matplotlib 1.1 版本。

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
import numpy as np
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

x = [6,3,6,9,12,24]
y = [3,5,78,12,23,56]

ax.plot(x, y, zs=0, zdir='z', label='zs=0, zdir=z')
ax.view_init(90, -90)
plt.show()

You can set the view angle of the 3d plot with the view_init() function. The example below is for version 1.1 of matplotlib.

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
import numpy as np
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

x = [6,3,6,9,12,24]
y = [3,5,78,12,23,56]

ax.plot(x, y, zs=0, zdir='z', label='zs=0, zdir=z')
ax.view_init(90, -90)
plt.show()

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爱殇璃 2024-08-29 07:29:26

根据文档，您要使用 ax.plot_surface(x,y,z) 方法。更多信息和图表类型请参见此处。

以下应该有效：

x = [1,2,3]
y = [4,5,6]
z = [7,8,9]
data = zip(x,y,z)

#map data on the plane
X, Y = numpy.meshgrid(arange(0, max(x), 1), arange(0, max(y), 1))
Z = numpy.zeros((len(Y), len(X)), 'Float32')
for x_,y_,z_ in data:
  Z[x_, y_] = z_ #this should work, but only because x and y are integers
                 #and arange was done with a step of 1, starting from 0
fig = p.figure()
ax = p3.Axes3D(fig)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z)

According to the documentation you want to use the ax.plot_surface(x,y,z) method. More information and chart types here.

The following should work:

x = [1,2,3]
y = [4,5,6]
z = [7,8,9]
data = zip(x,y,z)

#map data on the plane
X, Y = numpy.meshgrid(arange(0, max(x), 1), arange(0, max(y), 1))
Z = numpy.zeros((len(Y), len(X)), 'Float32')
for x_,y_,z_ in data:
  Z[x_, y_] = z_ #this should work, but only because x and y are integers
                 #and arange was done with a step of 1, starting from 0
fig = p.figure()
ax = p3.Axes3D(fig)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z)

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