Registrars job is primarily to coordinate and make sure there are no duplicates in domain names. ICANN manages them. At a technical level registrars (and registries) use the Extensible Provisioning Protocol to achieve this.
Legally (I am not sure about this, so take it with a pinch of salt) you have a contractual relationship with your registrar and registry, and from there you can take it to courts and so on. They are governed by the country they reside. Registries also have pretty comprehensive dispute policies in case of disagreements of the ownership for example. However, starting with ICANN, all these organisations (another example is Nominet in the UK) have massively policy based working style, and they update them according to the feedback mainly from their members and customers (us).
1) The registrar has a DNS server. It tells the main (called top-level) DNS server owners (for instance the .com) to forward all requests for yourdomain.com to their DNS server. You can also do this directly with the owners of the top level domain (ICANN in the case of dot com I think). But then you need to run your own DNS server.
2) They don't, see number one.
3) They pay a fee to the top level registrar.
4) Depends on your registrar (possibly country), but with proper registrars you do (however read the contract with your registrar).
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注册商的工作主要是协调并确保域名没有重复。 ICANN 对其进行管理。在技术层面，注册商（和注册管理机构）使用可扩展配置协议来实现此目的。
他们确实使用名称服务器信息更新 DNS，但不更新 根 DNS 服务器（这是一个完全不同的区域） ）仅限TLD（顶级域）服务器。
从法律上讲（我对此不太确定，所以请持保留态度）您与您的注册商和注册管理机构之间存在合同关系，从那里您可以将其告上法庭等。他们受其居住国家的管辖。例如，如果出现所有权分歧，注册管理机构还制定了相当全面的争议政策。但是，从 ICANN 开始，所有这些组织（另一个示例是 Nominet（英国）拥有大量基于政策的工作风格，他们根据主要来自其成员和客户（我们）的反馈进行更新。
Registrars job is primarily to coordinate and make sure there are no duplicates in domain names. ICANN manages them. At a technical level registrars (and registries) use the Extensible Provisioning Protocol to achieve this.
They do update the DNS with nameserver information but not the Root DNS servers (which is an entirely different area) only the TLD (Top Level Domain) servers.
Legally (I am not sure about this, so take it with a pinch of salt) you have a contractual relationship with your registrar and registry, and from there you can take it to courts and so on. They are governed by the country they reside. Registries also have pretty comprehensive dispute policies in case of disagreements of the ownership for example. However, starting with ICANN, all these organisations (another example is Nominet in the UK) have massively policy based working style, and they update them according to the feedback mainly from their members and customers (us).
1) 注册商拥有 DNS 服务器。它告诉主要（称为顶级）DNS 服务器所有者（例如 .com）将对 yourdomain.com 的所有请求转发到他们的 DNS 服务器。您也可以直接与顶级域名的所有者（我认为在 . com 的情况下是 ICANN）执行此操作。但随后您需要运行自己的 DNS 服务器。
2）他们没有，见第一点。
3) 他们向顶级注册商支付费用。
4) 取决于您的注册商（可能是国家/地区），但如果您有适当的注册商，则可以（但请阅读与您的注册商签订的合同）。
1) The registrar has a DNS server. It tells the main (called top-level) DNS server owners (for instance the .com) to forward all requests for yourdomain.com to their DNS server. You can also do this directly with the owners of the top level domain (ICANN in the case of dot com I think). But then you need to run your own DNS server.
2) They don't, see number one.
3) They pay a fee to the top level registrar.
4) Depends on your registrar (possibly country), but with proper registrars you do (however read the contract with your registrar).