包含头文件中的 C 预处理器
我在名为 data.h 的头文件中定义了一个结构。
我将 data.h 包含在 myfile.c 中。
在结构中,我用以下命令封锁了部分变量:
#ifndef TEST
int x;
#endif
在 myfile.c 中,我有:
#ifdef TEST
localx++;
#else
mystruct.x++; //<-compiler complains on this line when compiling
#endif
当我尝试使用 -DTEST
进行编译时,编译器抱怨 mystruct
类型不包含名为 x
的字段。这是怎么回事?
我手边没有 C 编译器,所以这是我刚刚输入的内容:
in data.h
typdef struct {
#ifndef TEST
int x;
#endif
int y;
} coords;
in myfile.c
#include "data.h"
static coords coord1;
int localx;
int main( )
{
#ifdef TEST
localx = 1;
#else
coord1.x = 1;
#endif
coord1.y = 2;
printf("%i\n", coord1.x);
printf("%i\n", coord1.y);
printf("%i\n", localx);
return 0;
}
当我输入 cc myfile.c
时会进行编译但不适用于 cc myfile.c -DTEST 我正在使用此处引用的 MIPSPro C 编译器。
I have a structure defined in a header file called data.h.
I am including data.h in myfile.c.
In the structure, I have part of the variables blocked off with:
#ifndef TEST
int x;
#endif
and in myfile.c I have:
#ifdef TEST
localx++;
#else
mystruct.x++; //<-compiler complains on this line when compiling
#endif
When I try to compile with -DTEST
I get a compiler complaining that mystruct
type does not containing a field called x
. What is up with this?
I don't have a C compiler handy, so here is what I just typed up:
in data.h
typdef struct {
#ifndef TEST
int x;
#endif
int y;
} coords;
in myfile.c
#include "data.h"
static coords coord1;
int localx;
int main( )
{
#ifdef TEST
localx = 1;
#else
coord1.x = 1;
#endif
coord1.y = 2;
printf("%i\n", coord1.x);
printf("%i\n", coord1.y);
printf("%i\n", localx);
return 0;
}
This compiles when I type cc myfile.c
but not with cc myfile.c -DTEST
I am using the MIPSPro C compiler referenced here.
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您最近的编辑(当任何人阅读本文时可能会有所不同)将在包含一堆
printf()
语句的部分中遇到问题。 该行:无论
TEST
预处理器宏的设置如何, 都会引用结构的x
成员。它也需要位于条件编译部分内,以便在x
成员不存在时正确编译(而不是根本不编译)。You most recent edit (which may well be different by the time anyone reads this) will have a problem in the section that has a bunch of
printf()
statements. The line:is referencing the
x
member of the struct regardless of the setting of theTEST
preprocessor macro. It needs to be inside a conditional compilation section too in order to compile correctly (rather not compile at all) when thex
member doesn't exist.由于您对字段 x 使用 ifndef,因此仅在未定义 TEST 时才可使用!
#ifdef 仅当指定为参数的宏已定义时才允许编译程序的一部分,无论其值是什么。例如:
在本例中,代码行 int table[TABLE_SIZE];仅当 TABLE_SIZE 先前使用 #define 定义时才编译,与其值无关。如果未定义,该行将不会包含在程序编译中。
#ifndef 的作用恰恰相反:只有在先前未定义指定的标识符时,才会编译 #ifndef 和 #endif 指令之间的代码。例如:
在这种情况下,如果到达这段代码时,TABLE_SIZE宏尚未定义,它将被定义为值100。如果它已经存在,它将保留自#define指令以来的先前值不会被执行。
来自:http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/preprocessor/
Since you are using ifndef for the field x, it is only there to use if TEST is not defined!!
#ifdef allows a section of a program to be compiled only if the macro that is specified as the parameter has been defined, no matter which its value is. For example:
In this case, the line of code int table[TABLE_SIZE]; is only compiled if TABLE_SIZE was previously defined with #define, independently of its value. If it was not defined, that line will not be included in the program compilation.
#ifndef serves for the exact opposite: the code between #ifndef and #endif directives is only compiled if the specified identifier has not been previously defined. For example:
In this case, if when arriving at this piece of code, the TABLE_SIZE macro has not been defined yet, it would be defined to a value of 100. If it already existed it would keep its previous value since the #define directive would not be executed.
From: http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/preprocessor/
除了拼写错误(typdef)之外,您的示例使用 gcc 对我来说编译得很好。
编辑:
新示例不应编译。您需要将每个对“x”的引用包装在#ifdef 指令中。
另外,gcc 在文件列表之前接受 -D 标志,但我无权访问 MIPSpro。文档说您的命令行出现故障。
Except for the typo (typdef), your example compiles fine for me using gcc.
Edit:
The new example shouldn't compile. You need to wrap every reference to "x" in #ifdef directives.
Also, gcc accepts the -D flag before the file list, but I don't have access to MIPSpro. The docs say you have the command line out of order.