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如何使用 Python imaplib 回复电子邮件并包含原始消息？

发布于 2024-08-20 10:38:45 字数 508 浏览 6 评论 0原文

我目前正在使用 imaplib 从服务器并处理内容和附件。

我想回复带有状态/错误消息的消息，并链接到我的网站上生成的内容（如果可以处理）。这应该包括原始消息，但应删除所有附件（附件很大），最好仅用文件名/大小替换它们。

由于我已经在遍历 MIME 消息部分，因此我假设我需要做的是构建一个新的 MIME 消息树，其中包含原始消息的副本并删除/替换附件节点。

在我开始这条道路之前，我希望有人能给我一些建议。有什么库函数可以做到这一点吗？我应该遵守什么标准行为？

我目前知道/正在使用 imaplib、smtplib 和 email 模块，但可能错过了其中明显的东西。它也在 Django 中运行，因此可以使用 django.core.email 中的任何内容（如果这样更容易的话）。

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蘑菇王子 2024-08-27 10:38:45

传入消息的原始 MIME 树结构如下（使用 email.iterators._struct(msg)）：

multipart/mixed
    text/html                (message)
    application/octet-stream (attachment 1)
    application/octet-stream (attachment 2)

通过 GMail 回复会产生以下结构：

multipart/alternative
    text/plain
    text/html

即，他们没有我那么聪明我想，只需丢弃附件（很好）并提供明确重组“引用内容”的文本和 HTML 版本。

我开始认为这也是我应该做的，只需回复一条简单的消息，因为在丢弃附件后，保留原始消息没有多大意义。

不过，也许还是回答我原来的问题，因为我现在已经知道该怎么做了。

首先，用文本/纯占位符替换原始消息中的所有附件：

import email

original = email.message_from_string( ... )

for part in original.walk():
    if (part.get('Content-Disposition')
        and part.get('Content-Disposition').startswith("attachment")):

        part.set_type("text/plain")
        part.set_payload("Attachment removed: %s (%s, %d bytes)"
                         %(part.get_filename(), 
                           part.get_content_type(), 
                           len(part.get_payload(decode=True))))
        del part["Content-Disposition"]
        del part["Content-Transfer-Encoding"]

然后创建回复消息：

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.message import MIMEMessage

new = MIMEMultipart("mixed")
body = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
body.attach( MIMEText("reply body text", "plain") )
body.attach( MIMEText("<html>reply body text</html>", "html") )
new.attach(body)

new["Message-ID"] = email.utils.make_msgid()
new["In-Reply-To"] = original["Message-ID"]
new["References"] = original["Message-ID"]
new["Subject"] = "Re: "+original["Subject"]
new["To"] = original["Reply-To"] or original["From"]
new["From"] = "[email protected]"

然后附加原始 MIME 消息对象并发送：

new.attach( MIMEMessage(original) )

s = smtplib.SMTP()
s.sendmail("[email protected]", [new["To"]], new.as_string())
s.quit()

结果结构为：

multipart/mixed
    multipart/alternative
        text/plain
        text/html
    message/rfc822
        multipart/mixed
            text/html
            text/plain
            text/plain

或者使用 Django 会更简单：

from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives
from email.mime.message import MIMEMessage

new = EmailMultiAlternatives("Re: "+original["Subject"],
                             "reply body text", 
                             "[email protected]", # from
                             [original["Reply-To"] or original["From"]], # to
                             headers = {'Reply-To': "[email protected]",
                                        "In-Reply-To": original["Message-ID"],
                                        "References": original["Message-ID"]})
new.attach_alternative("<html>reply body text</html>", "text/html")
new.attach( MIMEMessage(original) ) # attach original message
new.send()

结果结束（在GMail 至少）将原始消息显示为“----转发的消息----”，这并不完全是我想要的，但总体思路是有效的，我希望这个答案可以帮助那些试图弄清楚如何摆弄的人与 MIME 消息。

The original MIME tree structure of the incoming message is as follows (using email.iterators._structure(msg)):

multipart/mixed
    text/html                (message)
    application/octet-stream (attachment 1)
    application/octet-stream (attachment 2)

Replying via GMail results in the following structure:

multipart/alternative
    text/plain
    text/html

I.e. they aren't being as smart as I thought, just discarding the attachments (good) and providing text and HTML versions that explicitly restructure the "quoted content."

I'm beginning to think that's all I should do too, just reply with a simple message as after discarding the attachments there's not much point in keeping the original message.

Still, might as well answer my original question since I've figured out how to now anyway.

First, replace all the attachments in the original message with text/plain placeholders:

import email

original = email.message_from_string( ... )

for part in original.walk():
    if (part.get('Content-Disposition')
        and part.get('Content-Disposition').startswith("attachment")):

        part.set_type("text/plain")
        part.set_payload("Attachment removed: %s (%s, %d bytes)"
                         %(part.get_filename(), 
                           part.get_content_type(), 
                           len(part.get_payload(decode=True))))
        del part["Content-Disposition"]
        del part["Content-Transfer-Encoding"]

Then create a reply message:

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.message import MIMEMessage

new = MIMEMultipart("mixed")
body = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
body.attach( MIMEText("reply body text", "plain") )
body.attach( MIMEText("<html>reply body text</html>", "html") )
new.attach(body)

new["Message-ID"] = email.utils.make_msgid()
new["In-Reply-To"] = original["Message-ID"]
new["References"] = original["Message-ID"]
new["Subject"] = "Re: "+original["Subject"]
new["To"] = original["Reply-To"] or original["From"]
new["From"] = "[email protected]"

Then attach the original MIME message object and send:

new.attach( MIMEMessage(original) )

s = smtplib.SMTP()
s.sendmail("[email protected]", [new["To"]], new.as_string())
s.quit()

The resulting structure is:

multipart/mixed
    multipart/alternative
        text/plain
        text/html
    message/rfc822
        multipart/mixed
            text/html
            text/plain
            text/plain

Or it's a bit simpler using Django:

from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives
from email.mime.message import MIMEMessage

new = EmailMultiAlternatives("Re: "+original["Subject"],
                             "reply body text", 
                             "[email protected]", # from
                             [original["Reply-To"] or original["From"]], # to
                             headers = {'Reply-To': "[email protected]",
                                        "In-Reply-To": original["Message-ID"],
                                        "References": original["Message-ID"]})
new.attach_alternative("<html>reply body text</html>", "text/html")
new.attach( MIMEMessage(original) ) # attach original message
new.send()

The result ends (in GMail at least) showing the original message as "---- Forwarded message ----" which isn't quite what I was after, but the general idea works and I hope this answer helps someone trying to figure out how to fiddle with MIME messages.

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