Matplotlib 中的日期与时间间隔绘图

Question

pyplotplot_date函数期望以某种线条样式绘制日期和值对。是否有推荐的方法根据日期/时间值绘制多个值或间隔数据？

Answer 1

要绘制间隔数据，您可以使用 errorbar() 函数提供的误差线，并使用 axis.xaxis_date() 使 matplotlib 格式化轴，如 plot_date() 函数可以做到这一点。

这是一个例子：

#!/usr/bin/python

import datetime
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.dates as mdates
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# dates for xaxis
event_date = [datetime.datetime(2008, 12, 3), datetime.datetime(2009, 1, 5), datetime.datetime(2009, 2, 3)]

# base date for yaxis can be anything, since information is in the time
anydate = datetime.date(2001,1,1)

# event times
event_start = [datetime.time(20, 12), datetime.time(12, 15), datetime.time(8, 1,)]
event_finish = [datetime.time(23, 56), datetime.time(16, 5), datetime.time(18, 34)]

# translate times and dates lists into matplotlib date format numpy arrays
start = np.fromiter((mdates.date2num(datetime.datetime.combine(anydate, event)) for event in event_start), dtype = 'float', count = len(event_start))
finish = np.fromiter((mdates.date2num(datetime.datetime.combine(anydate, event)) for event in event_finish), dtype = 'float', count = len(event_finish))
date = mdates.date2num(event_date)

# calculate events durations
duration = finish - start

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)

# use errorbar to represent event duration
ax.errorbar(date, start, [np.zeros(len(duration)), duration], linestyle = '')
# make matplotlib treat both axis as times
ax.xaxis_date()
ax.yaxis_date()

plt.show()