在 C 中递归计算斐波那契数

发布于 2024-08-19 22:00:42 字数 1254 浏览 8 评论 0原文

我正在尝试通过编写一个简单的程序来输出斐波那契数来学习C。它不起作用。

fibonacci.h

unsigned int fibonacci_recursive(unsigned int n);

fibonacci.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include "fibonacci.h"

main() {
    unsigned int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        printf("%d\t%n", fibonacci_recursive(i));
    }
    getchar();
}

fibonacci_recursive.c

unsigned int fib_rec(unsigned int n);

main(unsigned int n) {
     return fib_rec(n);
}

unsigned int fib_rec(unsigned int n) {
    if (n == 0) {
        return 0;
     } 
     if (n == 1) {
           return 1;
     }
     return fib_rec(n - 1) + fib_rec(n - 2);
}

这是当我尝试构建项目时 VS 2010 给我的错误消息:

1>ClCompile:
1>  fibonacci_recursive.c
1>fibonacci_recursive.obj : error LNK2005: _main already defined in fibonacci.obj
1>fibonacci.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _fibonacci_recursive referenced in function _main
1>c:\users\odp\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\Fibonacci\Debug\Fibonacci.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals
1>
1>Build FAILED.
1>

What am I这里做错了吗?感谢您帮助刚接触 C 的人。

I'm trying to learn C by writing a simple program to output Fibonacci numbers. It isn't working.

fibonacci.h

unsigned int fibonacci_recursive(unsigned int n);

fibonacci.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include "fibonacci.h"

main() {
    unsigned int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        printf("%d\t%n", fibonacci_recursive(i));
    }
    getchar();
}

fibonacci_recursive.c

unsigned int fib_rec(unsigned int n);

main(unsigned int n) {
     return fib_rec(n);
}

unsigned int fib_rec(unsigned int n) {
    if (n == 0) {
        return 0;
     } 
     if (n == 1) {
           return 1;
     }
     return fib_rec(n - 1) + fib_rec(n - 2);
}

This is the error message VS 2010 gives me when I try to build the project:

1>ClCompile:
1>  fibonacci_recursive.c
1>fibonacci_recursive.obj : error LNK2005: _main already defined in fibonacci.obj
1>fibonacci.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _fibonacci_recursive referenced in function _main
1>c:\users\odp\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\Fibonacci\Debug\Fibonacci.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals
1>
1>Build FAILED.
1>

What am I doing wrong here? Thanks for helping someone new to C.

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评论(6

尐偏执 2024-08-26 22:00:42

你的方法看起来很奇怪,你应该有:

  • 一个带有 main 方法的主文件(例如 main.c),其中包括 fibonacci.h
  • 一个 fibonacci.h< /code> 带有原型 unsigned int fibonacci_recursive(unsigned int n);
  • 一个带有方法实现的 fibonacci.c,并且它应该包含 fibonacci.h

实际上你也定义了两次 main 函数..

ma​​in.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include "fibonacci.h"

main()
{
    unsigned int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        printf("%d\t%n", fibonacci_recursive(i));
    }
    getchar();
}

fibonacci.h

unsigned int fibonacci_recursive(unsigned int n);

fibonacci.c

#include "fibonacci.h"
unsigned int fibonacci_recursive(unsigned int n)
{
    if (n == 0) 
    {
        return 0;
     } 
     if (n == 1) {
           return 1;
     }
     return fibonacci_recursive(n - 1) + fibonacci_recursive(n - 2);
}

Your approach seems strange, you should have:

  • a main file (example main.c) with the main method and that includes fibonacci.h
  • a fibonacci.h with the prototype unsigned int fibonacci_recursive(unsigned int n);
  • a fibonacci.c with the implementation of the method, and it should include fibonacci.h too

Actually you define main function twice too..

main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include "fibonacci.h"

main()
{
    unsigned int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        printf("%d\t%n", fibonacci_recursive(i));
    }
    getchar();
}

fibonacci.h

unsigned int fibonacci_recursive(unsigned int n);

fibonacci.c

#include "fibonacci.h"
unsigned int fibonacci_recursive(unsigned int n)
{
    if (n == 0) 
    {
        return 0;
     } 
     if (n == 1) {
           return 1;
     }
     return fibonacci_recursive(n - 1) + fibonacci_recursive(n - 2);
}
风向决定发型 2024-08-26 22:00:42

您在项目中定义了两次 main() 函数。这是您的程序的入口点,您只需要一个。

You have the main() function defined twice in your project. This is the entry point of your program, and you only need one.

山人契 2024-08-26 22:00:42

你的 printf 需要 \n 而不是 %n 。另外,您可以简化为:

#include "fibonacci.h"

unsigned int fibonacci_recursive(unsigned int n) {
if (n < 2) 
    return n;
else
    return fibonacci_recursive(n - 1) + fibonacci_recursive(n - 2);
}

You need \n not %n for your printf. Also, you can simplify as:

#include "fibonacci.h"

unsigned int fibonacci_recursive(unsigned int n) {
if (n < 2) 
    return n;
else
    return fibonacci_recursive(n - 1) + fibonacci_recursive(n - 2);
}
我不吻晚风 2024-08-26 22:00:42

您尚未创建在 fibonacci.h 中声明的 fibonacci_recursive 函数。

You haven't created a fibonacci_recursive function that you declared in fibonacci.h.

﹏雨一样淡蓝的深情 2024-08-26 22:00:42

您声明了两个 main() 函数,换行符为 '\n'

You declared two main() functions, and the new line character is '\n'.

囍笑 2024-08-26 22:00:42

好吧,我先说递归函数不是计算斐波那契的有效方法,它可能仅用于开发培训/演示目的,因为每个递归都存储在堆栈中,并且对于大斐波那契数也可能溢出。
编写一个使用循环的更高效的斐波那契函数是相当值得的,例如下面的代码:

#include <stdio.h>

#define MAX_ITERS 20


int fibonacci(int);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    unsigned int iters;

    if(argc>1) {
        iters=atoi(argv[1]);
    } else
        iters=MAX_ITERS;

    fibonacci(iters);

    return 0;
}

int fibonacci(int iterations)
{
   unsigned register int i;
   double first=0.0, second = 1.0, lastsum;
   printf("First %d iterations of Fibonacci series are :\n",iterations);

   for ( i = 0 ; i < iterations ; i++ )
   {
      if ( i <= 1 )
         lastsum = (double)i;
      else
      {
         lastsum = first + second;
         first = second;
         second = lastsum;
      }
      printf("%.0f\n",lastsum);
   }

}

尝试通过您自己的比较,使用此方法运行 ./fibonacci 50,例如在低成本处理器(例如在 Raspberry PI 上),以及具有递归函数和 50 个第一个数字的处理器,看看有什么不同! ,-)

Well, I preface that recursive function is not an efficient method to calculate Fibonacci and it may be used for dev training/demonstrations purposes only, because every recursion is stored in stack, and it may also overflow for large fibonacci numbers.
It is rather worth the effort to write down a more efficient Fibonacci function that uses a loop, like following code:

#include <stdio.h>

#define MAX_ITERS 20


int fibonacci(int);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    unsigned int iters;

    if(argc>1) {
        iters=atoi(argv[1]);
    } else
        iters=MAX_ITERS;

    fibonacci(iters);

    return 0;
}

int fibonacci(int iterations)
{
   unsigned register int i;
   double first=0.0, second = 1.0, lastsum;
   printf("First %d iterations of Fibonacci series are :\n",iterations);

   for ( i = 0 ; i < iterations ; i++ )
   {
      if ( i <= 1 )
         lastsum = (double)i;
      else
      {
         lastsum = first + second;
         first = second;
         second = lastsum;
      }
      printf("%.0f\n",lastsum);
   }

}

Try to compare by your own, running ./fibonacci 50 with this method, for instance on a low cost processor (eg. on a Raspberry PI), and the one with the recursive functions and 50 first numbers as well, and see the difference! ,-)

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