使用 C# 格式化字符串中的句子
我有一个包含多个句子的字符串。如何将每个句子中第一个单词的第一个字母大写。类似于word中的段落格式。
例如,“这是一些代码。该代码是用 C# 编写的。” 输出必须是“这是一些代码。代码是用 C# 编写的”。
一种方法是根据“.”分割字符串。然后将第一个字母大写,然后重新加入。
有更好的解决方案吗?
I have a string with multiple sentences. How do I Capitalize the first letter of first word in every sentence. Something like paragraph formatting in word.
eg ."this is some code. the code is in C#. "
The ouput must be "This is some code. The code is in C#".
one way would be to split the string based on '.' and then capitalize the first letter and then rejoin.
Is there a better solution?
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在我看来,当涉及到潜在复杂的基于规则的字符串匹配和替换时,没有比基于正则表达式的解决方案更好的了(尽管事实上它们很难阅读!)。在我看来,这提供了最佳的性能和内存效率 - 您会对它的速度感到惊讶。
我会使用 Regex.Replace 重载接受输入字符串、正则表达式模式和MatchEvaluator 委托。 MatchEvaluator 是一个接受
Match
对象作为输入并返回字符串替换的函数。代码如下:
正则表达式使用 (?<=) 构造(零宽度正向后查找)将捕获限制为仅捕获字符串开头前面的 az 字符或所需的标点符号。在
[.;:]
位中,您可以添加所需的额外字符(例如[.;:?."]
添加 ? 和 " 字符。这意味着,另外,您的 MatchEvaluator 不必执行任何不必要的字符串连接(出于性能原因您希望避免这种情况)。
其他回答者之一提到的有关使用 RegexOptions.Compiled 的所有其他内容从性能角度来看也相关。不过,静态 Regex.Replace 方法确实提供了非常相似的性能优势(只是有一个额外的字典查找) -
如果这里的任何其他非正则解决方案能够更好地工作,我会感到惊讶。 将此解决方案与艾哈迈德的解决方案进行比较
编辑
,因为他非常正确地指出,环顾四周可能比按照他的方式进行效率更低,
这是我所做的粗略基准:
在发布版本中 。 ,我的解决方案比 Ahmad 的解决方案快约 12%(1.48 秒而不是 1.68 秒),
但有趣的是,如果通过静态 Regex.Replace 方法完成,两者都会慢约 80%,而且我的解决方案更慢。比艾哈迈德的。
In my opinion, when it comes to potentially complex rules-based string matching and replacing - you can't get much better than a Regex-based solution (despite the fact that they are so hard to read!). This offers the best performance and memory efficiency, in my opinion - you'll be surprised at just how fast this'll be.
I'd use the Regex.Replace overload that accepts an input string, regex pattern and a MatchEvaluator delegate. A MatchEvaluator is a function that accepts a
Match
object as input and returns a string replacement.Here's the code:
The regex uses the (?<=) construct (zero-width positive lookbehind) to restrict captures only to a-z characters preceded by the start of the string, or the punctuation marks you want. In the
[.;:]
bit you can add the extra ones you want (e.g.[.;:?."]
to add ? and " characters.This means, also, that your MatchEvaluator doesn't have to do any unnecessary string joining (which you want to avoid for performance reasons).
All the other stuff mentioned by one of the other answerers about using the RegexOptions.Compiled is also relevant from a performance point of view. The static Regex.Replace method does offer very similar performance benefits, though (there's just an additional dictionary lookup).
Like I say - I'll be surprised if any of the other non-regex solutions here will work better and be as fast.
EDIT
Have put this solution up against Ahmad's as he quite rightly pointed out that a look-around might be less efficient than doing it his way.
Here's the crude benchmark I did:
In a release build, the my solution was about 12% faster than the Ahmad's (1.48 seconds as opposed to 1.68 seconds).
Interestingly, however, if it was done through the static Regex.Replace method, both were about 80% slower, and my solution was slower than Ahmad's.
这是一个正则表达式解决方案,它使用标点符号类别来避免指定 .!?" 等。尽管您当然应该检查它是否满足您的需求或明确设置它们。阅读“支持的 Unicode 常规类别”下的“P”类别位于MSDN 字符类页面上的部分。
如果您决定不这样做要使用
\p{P}
类,您必须自己指定字符,类似于:编辑: 下面是演示 3 种模式的更新示例 第一个显示。第二个展示如何通过使用类减法来选择某些标点符号类别,同时删除特定的标点符号组。第三个与第二个类似,但不使用不同的组
。拼出一些标点符号类别所指的内容,因此进行了细分:
_< /code>
-
(
[
{
)
]
}
,
,:
,;
,\
,/
仔细比较这些组对结果的影响。这应该会给你很大程度的灵活性。如果这看起来并不理想,那么您可以使用字符类中的特定字符,如前面所示。
请注意,“Dash”未使用最后一个模式大写,并且位于新行上。使其大写的一种方法是使用 RegexOptions.Multiline 选项。尝试上面的代码片段,看看它是否满足您想要的结果。
另外,为了举例,我在上面的循环中没有使用 RegexOptions.Compiled 。要使用这两个选项或将它们一起使用:RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline。
Here's a regex solution that uses the punctuation category to avoid having to specify .!?" etc. although you should certainly check if it covers your needs or set them explicitly. Read up on the "P" category under the "Supported Unicode General Categories" section located on the MSDN Character Classes page.
If you decide not to use the
\p{P}
class you would have to specify the characters yourself, similar to:EDIT: below is an updated example to demonstrate 3 patterns. The first shows how all punctuations affect casing. The second shows how to pick and choose certain punctuation categories by using class subtraction. It uses all punctuations while removing specific punctuation groups. The third is similar to the 2nd but using different groups.
The MSDN link doesn't spell out what some of the punctuation categories refer to, so here's a breakdown:
_
-
(
[
{
)
]
}
,
,:
,;
,\
,/
Carefully compare how the results are affected by these groups. This should grant you a great degree of flexibility. If this doesn't seem desirable then you may use specific characters in a character class as shown earlier.
Notice that "Dash" is not capitalized using the last pattern and it's on a new line. One way to make it capitalized is to use the
RegexOptions.Multiline
option. Try the above snippet with that to see if it meets your desired result.Also, for the sake of example, I didn't use RegexOptions.Compiled in the above loop. To use both options OR them together:
RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline
.您有几种不同的选择:
IEnumerable
,其中句点后的第一个字母为大写。可能会提供流媒体解决方案的好处。下面的代码使用了迭代器:
You have a few different options:
IEnumerable<char>
with the first letter after a period in upper case. May offer benefit of a streaming solution.The code below uses an iterator:
我不知道为什么,但根据 LBushkin 的建议,我决定尝试一下收益回报。只是为了好玩。
使用方法:
I don't know why, but I decided to give yield return a try, based on what LBushkin had suggested. Just for fun.
To use it: