HTTPS 连接 Python

发布于 2024-08-19 04:32:09 字数 1882 浏览 10 评论 0原文

我正在尝试验证该目标是否公开了 https Web 服务。我有通过 HTTP 连接的代码，但我不确定如何通过 HTTPS 连接。我读到您使用 SSL，但我也读到它不支持证书错误。我得到的代码来自 python 文档：

import httplib
conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("www.python.org")
conn.request("GET", "/index.html")
r1 = conn.getresponse()
print r1.status, r1.reason

有谁知道如何连接到 HTTPS？

我已经尝试过 HTTPSConenction，但它响应一个错误代码，声称 httplib 没有属性 HTTPSConnection。我也没有可用的 socket.ssl 。

我已经安装了 Python 2.6.4，但我认为它没有编译 SSL 支持。有没有办法将此支持集成到较新的 python 中，而无需再次安装。

我已经安装了 OpenSSL 和 pyOpenSsl，并且尝试了以下答案之一的代码：

import urllib2
from OpenSSL import SSL
try: 
    response = urllib2.urlopen('https://example.com')  
    print 'response headers: "%s"' % response.info() 
except IOError, e: 
    if hasattr(e, 'code'): # HTTPError 
        print 'http error code: ', e.code 
    elif hasattr(e, 'reason'): # URLError 
        print "can't connect, reason: ", e.reason 
    else: 
        raise

我收到错误：

    Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
  File "/home/build/workspace/downloads/Python-2.6.4/Lib/urllib.py", line 87, in urlopen
    return opener.open(url)
  File "/home/build/workspace/downloads/Python-2.6.4/Lib/urllib.py", line 203, in open
    return self.open_unknown(fullurl, data)
  File "/home/build/workspace/downloads/Python-2.6.4/Lib/urllib.py", line 215, in open_unknown
    raise IOError, ('url error', 'unknown url type', type)
IOError: [Errno url error] unknown url type: 'https'

有谁知道如何让它工作吗？

-- UPDATE

我已经发现问题所在了，我使用的Python版本不支持SSL。我目前在以下位置找到了此解决方案： http://www.webtop.com .au/compiling-python-with-ssl-support。

在这个解决方案之后，代码现在可以工作了，这非常好。当我导入 ssl 和 HTTPSConnection 时，我知道不会出现错误。

感谢大家的帮助。

原文

I am trying to verify the that target exposes a https web service. I have code to connect via HTTP but I am not sure how to connect via HTTPS. I have read you use SSL but I have also read that it did not support certificate errors. The code I have got is from the python docs:

import httplib
conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("www.python.org")
conn.request("GET", "/index.html")
r1 = conn.getresponse()
print r1.status, r1.reason

Does anyone know how to connect to HTTPS?

I already tried the HTTPSConenction but it responds with an error code claiming httplib does not have attribute HTTPSConnection. I also don't have socket.ssl available.

I have installed Python 2.6.4 and I don't think it has SSL support compiled into it. Is there a way to integrate this suppot into the newer python without having to install it again.

I have installed OpenSSL and pyOpenSsl and I have tried the below code from one of the answers:

import urllib2
from OpenSSL import SSL
try: 
    response = urllib2.urlopen('https://example.com')  
    print 'response headers: "%s"' % response.info() 
except IOError, e: 
    if hasattr(e, 'code'): # HTTPError 
        print 'http error code: ', e.code 
    elif hasattr(e, 'reason'): # URLError 
        print "can't connect, reason: ", e.reason 
    else: 
        raise

I have got an error:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
  File "/home/build/workspace/downloads/Python-2.6.4/Lib/urllib.py", line 87, in urlopen
    return opener.open(url)
  File "/home/build/workspace/downloads/Python-2.6.4/Lib/urllib.py", line 203, in open
    return self.open_unknown(fullurl, data)
  File "/home/build/workspace/downloads/Python-2.6.4/Lib/urllib.py", line 215, in open_unknown
    raise IOError, ('url error', 'unknown url type', type)
IOError: [Errno url error] unknown url type: 'https'

Does anyone know how to get this working?

-- UPDATE

I have found out what the problem was, the Python version I was using did not have support for SSL. I have found this solution currently at: http://www.webtop.com.au/compiling-python-with-ssl-support.

The code will now work after this solution which is very good. When I import ssl and HTTPSConnection I know don't get an error.

Thanks for the help all.

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北陌 2024-08-26 04:32:09

Python 2.x：docs.python.org/2/library/httplib.html：

注意：仅当套接字模块使用 SSL 支持进行编译时，HTTPS 支持才可用。

Python 3.x：docs.python.org/3/library/http.client。 html：

注意，仅当 Python 编译时支持 SSL（通过 ssl 模块）时，HTTPS 支持才可用。

#!/usr/bin/env python

import httplib
c = httplib.HTTPSConnection("ccc.de")
c.request("GET", "/")
response = c.getresponse()
print response.status, response.reason
data = response.read()
print data
# => 
# 200 OK
# <!DOCTYPE html ....

要验证 SSL 是否已启用，请尝试：

>>> import socket
>>> socket.ssl
<function ssl at 0x4038b0>

Python 2.x: docs.python.org/2/library/httplib.html:

Note: HTTPS support is only available if the socket module was compiled with SSL support.

Python 3.x: docs.python.org/3/library/http.client.html:

Note HTTPS support is only available if Python was compiled with SSL support (through the ssl module).

#!/usr/bin/env python

import httplib
c = httplib.HTTPSConnection("ccc.de")
c.request("GET", "/")
response = c.getresponse()
print response.status, response.reason
data = response.read()
print data
# => 
# 200 OK
# <!DOCTYPE html ....

To verify if SSL is enabled, try:

>>> import socket
>>> socket.ssl
<function ssl at 0x4038b0>

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带上头具痛哭 2024-08-26 04:32:09

要检查 Python 2.6+ 中的 ssl 支持：

try:
    import ssl
except ImportError:
    print "error: no ssl support"

通过 https：

import urllib2

try:
    response = urllib2.urlopen('https://example.com') 
    print 'response headers: "%s"' % response.info()
except IOError, e:
    if hasattr(e, 'code'): # HTTPError
        print 'http error code: ', e.code
    elif hasattr(e, 'reason'): # URLError
        print "can't connect, reason: ", e.reason
    else:
        raise

To check for ssl support in Python 2.6+:

try:
    import ssl
except ImportError:
    print "error: no ssl support"

To connect via https:

import urllib2

try:
    response = urllib2.urlopen('https://example.com') 
    print 'response headers: "%s"' % response.info()
except IOError, e:
    if hasattr(e, 'code'): # HTTPError
        print 'http error code: ', e.code
    elif hasattr(e, 'reason'): # URLError
        print "can't connect, reason: ", e.reason
    else:
        raise

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焚却相思 2024-08-26 04:32:09

import requests
r = requests.get("https://stackoverflow.com") 
data = r.content  # Content of response

print r.status_code  # Status code of response
print data

import requests
r = requests.get("https://stackoverflow.com") 
data = r.content  # Content of response

print r.status_code  # Status code of response
print data

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层林尽染 2024-08-26 04:32:09

使用

class httplib.HTTPSConnection

http://docs.python.org/library/httplib.html#httplib。 HTTPS连接

using

class httplib.HTTPSConnection

http://docs.python.org/library/httplib.html#httplib.HTTPSConnection

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余生一个溪 2024-08-26 04:32:09

如果使用httplib.HTTPSConnection：

请看一下：

版本 2.7.9 中已更改：
此类现在执行所有必要的证书和主机名
默认检查。恢复到之前未经验证的行为
ssl._create_unverified_context() 可以传递给上下文
范围。您可以使用：

if hasattr(ssl, '_create_unverified_context'):
  ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context

If using httplib.HTTPSConnection:

Please take a look at:

Changed in version 2.7.9:
This class now performs all the necessary certificate and hostname
checks by default. To revert to the previous, unverified, behavior
ssl._create_unverified_context() can be passed to the context
parameter. You can use:

if hasattr(ssl, '_create_unverified_context'):
  ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context

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无人接听 2024-08-26 04:32:09

你为什么没有尝试过httplib.HTTPSConnection？它不执行 SSL 验证，但通过 https 连接不需要这样做。
您的代码在 https 连接下运行良好：

>>> import httplib
>>> conn = httplib.HTTPSConnection("mail.google.com")
>>> conn.request("GET", "/")
>>> r1 = conn.getresponse()
>>> print r1.status, r1.reason
200 OK

Why haven't you tried httplib.HTTPSConnection? It doesn't do SSL validation but this isn't required to connect over https.
Your code works fine with https connection:

>>> import httplib
>>> conn = httplib.HTTPSConnection("mail.google.com")
>>> conn.request("GET", "/")
>>> r1 = conn.getresponse()
>>> print r1.status, r1.reason
200 OK

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灰色世界里的红玫瑰 2024-08-26 04:32:09

假设 socket 模块启用了 SSL 支持。

connection1 = httplib.HTTPSConnection('www.somesecuresite.com')

Assuming SSL support is enabled for the socket module.

connection1 = httplib.HTTPSConnection('www.somesecuresite.com')

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苍景流年 2024-08-26 04:32:09

我有一些代码因 HTTPConnection (MOVED_PERMANENTLY error) 而失败，但是当我切换到 HTTPS 时，它就再次完美运行，无需进行其他更改。这是一个非常简单的修复！

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