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推荐保留预处理器指令的 C 前端

发布于 2024-08-19 03:39:36 字数 583 浏览 6 评论 0原文

我想启动一个涉及转换 C 代码的项目，但我想包含预处理器指令。我不想通过编写自己的 C 解析器来重新发明轮子，所以有人知道可以解析 C 预处理器和 C< 的前端吗？ /strong> 代码，并生成可用于重新生成（或漂亮打印）原始源代码的 AST？

例如：

#define FILENAME "filename"
#include <stdio.h>

FILE *f=0;
...
if (file_is_open) {
#ifdef CAN_OPEN_IT
    f = fopen(FILENAME, "r");
#else
    printf("Unable to open file.\n");
#endif
}

上面的代码应该被解析为一些内存中的表示，可用于重新生成源。换句话说，它不应该像普通的C一样分两个阶段进行处理，首先处理PP指令，然后解析纯C代码。相反，它应该代表整个编译时逻辑，包括预处理器变量。

原文

I'd like to start a project that involves transforming C code, but I'd like to include the preprocessor directives. I don't want to reinvent the wheel by writing my own C parser, so does anyone know of a front-end that can parse C preprocessor and C code, and produce an AST that can be used to re-generate (or pretty-print) the original source?

e.g.,:

#define FILENAME "filename"
#include <stdio.h>

FILE *f=0;
...
if (file_is_open) {
#ifdef CAN_OPEN_IT
    f = fopen(FILENAME, "r");
#else
    printf("Unable to open file.\n");
#endif
}

The above code should be parsed into some in-memory representation that can be used to re-generate the source. In other words, it should not be processed as normal C in two phases, first processing the PP directives and then parsing pure C code. Rather it should represent the whole compile-time logic including the preprocessor variables.

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花开柳相依 2024-08-26 03:39:36

我们的DMS 软件再工程工具包具有C 前端（和 C++ 前端）：

  • 将各种方言的 C 源代码解析（可编译）为AST，
  • 在大多数情况下保留预处理器指令，因为 AST 节点
  • 可以从 AST 重新生成可编译的 C 代码（带有注释和预处理器指令），
  • 可以在单个图像中收集数千个文件，以允许跨文件分析和转换，
  • 提供完整的符号表构造和access
  • 通过大型 AST 操作库提供对 AST 的程序访问，包括导航、检查、插入、删除、替换、匹配……
  • AST 匹配的模式提供源到源的转换

使用以 C 表示法编写的与 C 的 （尚未用于 C++），DMS 还提供：

  • 控制和数据流分析
  • 本地和全局分析点
  • 全局调用图构建

DMS 已用于处理超大型 C 应用程序，以便提取事实并从中生成新的派生代码原始源基地。

（编辑：2016 年 2 月）

它可以处理 OP 的示例（稍作修复即可使其有效）。
这是稍作修改的源代码：

#define FILENAME "filename"
#include <stdio.h>

FILE *f;
main() {
  f=0;
if (file_is_open) {
#ifdef CAN_OPEN_IT
f = fopen(FILENAME, "r");
#else
printf("Unable to open file.\n");
#endif
}

}

这是生成的 AST：

C~GCC4 Domain Parser Version 3.0.1(28449)
Copyright (C) 1996-2013 Semantic Designs, Inc; All Rights Reserved; SD Confidential
Powered by DMS (R) Software Reengineering Toolkit
AST Optimizations: remove constant tokens, remove unary productions, compact sequences
Using encoding Unicode-UTF-8?ANSI +CRLF +1 /^I
(translation_unit@C~GCC4=2#4a7e0e0^0 Line 1 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
 (declaration_seq@C~GCC4=605#4a77580^1#4a7e0e0:1 {4} Line 1 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
  (control_line@C~GCC4=1094#4a775c0^1#4a77580:1 Line 1 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   ('#'@C~GCC4=1548#4a771c0^1#4a775c0:1[Keyword:0] Line 1 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c)'#'
   (IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a77200^1#4a775c0:2[`FILENAME'] Line 1 Column 9 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   (<!MacroDefinition>@C~GCC4=1603#4a77180^2#4a775c0:3#4a7f300:1[`FILENAME'] Line 1 Column 18 File C:/temp/test.c
$VOID$ [Child 1]
   |(STRING_LITERAL@C~GCC4=1525#4a77160^2#4a77180:2#4a7f300:2[`filename'] Line 1 Column 18 File C:/temp/test.c)STRING_LITERAL
$VOID$ [Child 3]
   )<!MacroDefinition>#4a77180
   (new_line@C~GCC4=1578#4a77260^1#4a775c0:4[Keyword:0] Line 1 Column 28 File C:/temp/test.c)new_line
  )control_line#4a775c0
  (control_line@C~GCC4=1104#4a77460^1#4a77580:2 Line 2 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   ('#'@C~GCC4=1548#4a77340^1#4a77460:1[Keyword:0] Line 2 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c)'#'
   (ANGLED_HEADER_NAME@C~GCC4=1589#4a77380^1#4a77460:2[`stdio.h'] Line 2 Column 10 File C:/temp/test.c)ANGLED_HEADER_NAME
   (new_line@C~GCC4=1578#4a773c0^1#4a77460:3[Keyword:0] Line 2 Column 19 File C:/temp/test.c)new_line
  )control_line#4a77460
  (simple_declaration@C~GCC4=631#4a774c0^1#4a77580:3 Line 4 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   (IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a77360^1#4a774c0:1[`FILE'] Line 4 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   (declarator@C~GCC4=850#4a77520^1#4a774c0:2 Line 4 Column 6 File C:/temp/test.c
   |(ptr_operator@C~GCC4=866#4a77560^1#4a77520:1 Line 4 Column 6 File C:/temp/test.c)ptr_operator
   |(IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a77480^1#4a77520:2[`f'] Line 4 Column 7 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   )declarator#4a77520
  )simple_declaration#4a774c0
  (function_definition@C~GCC4=966#4a77be0^1#4a77580:4 Line 5 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   (direct_declarator@C~GCC4=852#4a77440^1#4a77be0:1 Line 5 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   |(IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a774e0^1#4a77440:1[`main'] Line 5 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   |(parameter_declaration_clause@C~GCC4=900#4a77220^1#4a77440:2 Line 5 Column 6 File C:/temp/test.c)parameter_declaration_clause
   )direct_declarator#4a77440
   (compound_statement@C~GCC4=507#4a77b20^1#4a77be0:2 Line 5 Column 8 File C:/temp/test.c
   |(statement_seq@C~GCC4=511#4a77d20^1#4a77b20:1 {2} Line 6 Column 3 File C:/temp/test.c
   | (AMBIGUITY<statement=358>@C~GCC4=1602#4a77680^1#4a77d20:1{2} Line 6 Column 3 File C:/temp/test.c
   |  (expression_statement@C~GCC4=503#4a7e040^1#4a77680:1 Line 6 Column 3 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   (assignment_expression@C~GCC4=457#4a77f00^1#4a7e040:1 Line 6 Column 3 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |(assignment_target@C~GCC4=470#4a77a00^1#4a77f00:1 Line 6 Column 3 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   | (IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a77400^2#4a77a00:1#4a77fc0:1[`f'] Line 6 Column 3 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   |   |)assignment_target#4a77a00
   |   |(INT_LITERAL@C~GCC4=1471#4a77a60^2#4a77f00:2#4a77f60:1[0] Line 6 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c)INT_LITERAL
   |   )assignment_expression#4a77f00
   |  )expression_statement#4a7e040
   |  (simple_declaration@C~GCC4=630#4a7e060^1#4a77680:2 Line 6 Column 3 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   (init_declarator@C~GCC4=835#4a77fc0^1#4a7e060:1 Line 6 Column 3 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |(IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a77400^2... [ALREADY PRINTED] ...)
   |   |(initializer@C~GCC4=983#4a77f60^1#4a77fc0:2 Line 6 Column 4 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   | (INT_LITERAL@C~GCC4=1471#4a77a60^2... [ALREADY PRINTED] ...)
   |   |)initializer#4a77f60
   |   )init_declarator#4a77fc0
   |  )simple_declaration#4a7e060
   | )AMBIGUITY#4a77680
   | (selection_statement@C~GCC4=527#4a77b40^1#4a77d20:2 Line 7 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   |  (IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a7e0c0^1#4a77b40:1[`file_is_open'] Line 7 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   |  (compound_statement@C~GCC4=507#4a77ae0^1#4a77b40:2 Line 7 Column 19 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   (statement@C~GCC4=490#4a7f840^1#4a77ae0:1 Line 8 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |(if_directive@C~GCC4=1088#4a7f1c0^1#4a7f840:1 Line 8 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   | ('#'@C~GCC4=1548#4a7f240^1#4a7f1c0:1[Keyword:0] Line 8 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c)'#'
   |   | (IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a7ee60^1#4a7f1c0:2[`CAN_OPEN_IT'] Line 8 Column 8 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   |   | (new_line@C~GCC4=1578#4a7f1e0^1#4a7f1c0:3[Keyword:0] Line 8 Column 19 File C:/temp/test.c)new_line
   |   |)if_directive#4a7f1c0
   |   |(AMBIGUITY<statement=358>@C~GCC4=1602#4a77d40^1#4a7f840:2{2} Line 9 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   | (expression_statement@C~GCC4=503#4a7f4a0^1#4a77d40:1 Line 9 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |  (assignment_expression@C~GCC4=457#4a7f3c0^1#4a7f4a0:1 Line 9 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |   (assignment_target@C~GCC4=470#4a7eec0^1#4a7f3c0:1 Line 9 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |   |(IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a7eee0^2#4a7eec0:1#4a7f400:1[`f'] Line 9 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   |   |   )assignment_target#4a7eec0
   |   |   (postfix_expression@C~GCC4=201#4a7f2e0^1#4a7f3c0:2 Line 9 Column 9 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |   |(IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a7f120^2#4a7f2e0:1#4a7f160:1[`fopen'] Line 9 Column 9 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   |   |   |(expression_list@C~GCC4=228#4a7f260^2#4a7f2e0:2#4a7f160:2 Line 9 Column 15 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |   | (<!MacroCall>@C~GCC4=1607#4a7f300^1#4a7f260:1[`FILENAME'] Line 9 Column 15 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |   |  (<!MacroDefinition>@C~GCC4=1603#4a77180^2... [ALREADY PRINTED] ...)
   |   |   |  (STRING_LITERAL@C~GCC4=1525#4a77160^2... [ALREADY PRINTED] ...)
   |   |   |  $VOID$ [Child 3]
   |   |   |  (STRING_LITERAL@C~GCC4=1525#4a7f2c0^1#4a7f300:4[`filename'] Line 1 Column 18 File C:/temp/test.c)STRING_LITERAL
   |   |   |  $VOID$ [Child 5]
   |   |   | )<!MacroCall>#4a7f300
   |   |   | (STRING_LITERAL@C~GCC4=1525#4a7f140^1#4a7f260:2[`r'] Line 9 Column 25 File C:/temp/test.c)STRING_LITERAL
   |   |   |)expression_list#4a7f260
   |   |   )postfix_expression#4a7f2e0
   |   |  )assignment_expression#4a7f3c0
   |   | )expression_statement#4a7f4a0
   |   | (simple_declaration@C~GCC4=630#4a7f480^1#4a77d40:2 Line 9 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |  (init_declarator@C~GCC4=835#4a7f400^1#4a7f480:1 Line 9 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |   (IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a7eee0^2... [ALREADY PRINTED] ...)
   |   |   (initializer@C~GCC4=983#4a7f3e0^1#4a7f400:2 Line 9 Column 7 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |   |(postfix_expression@C~GCC4=201#4a7f160^1#4a7f3e0:1 Line 9 Column 9 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |   | (IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a7f120^2... [ALREADY PRINTED] ...)
   |   |   | (expression_list@C~GCC4=228#4a7f260^2... [ALREADY PRINTED] ...)
   |   |   |)postfix_expression#4a7f160
   |   |   )initializer#4a7f3e0
   |   |  )init_declarator#4a7f400
   |   | )simple_declaration#4a7f480
   |   |)AMBIGUITY#4a77d40
   |   |(else_directive@C~GCC4=1091#4a7f4c0^1#4a7f840:3 Line 10 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   | ('#'@C~GCC4=1548#4a7f500^1#4a7f4c0:1[Keyword:0] Line 10 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c)'#'
   |   | (new_line@C~GCC4=1578#4a7f4e0^1#4a7f4c0:2[Keyword:0] Line 10 Column 6 File C:/temp/test.c)new_line
   |   |)else_directive#4a7f4c0
   |   |(expression_statement@C~GCC4=503#4a7f7c0^1#4a7f840:4 Line 11 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   | (postfix_expression@C~GCC4=201#4a77ba0^1#4a7f7c0:1 Line 11 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |  (IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a7f640^1#4a77ba0:1[`printf'] Line 11 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   |   |  (STRING_LITERAL@C~GCC4=1525#4a77c20^1#4a77ba0:2[`Unable to open file.
'] Line 11 Column 12 File C:/temp/test.c)STRING_LITERAL
   |   | )postfix_expression#4a77ba0
   |   |)expression_statement#4a7f7c0
   |   |(endif_directive@C~GCC4=1092#4a7f7e0^1#4a7f840:5 Line 12 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   | ('#'@C~GCC4=1548#4a7f720^1#4a7f7e0:1[Keyword:0] Line 12 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c)'#'
   |   | (new_line@C~GCC4=1578#4a7f700^1#4a7f7e0:2[Keyword:0] Line 12 Column 7 File C:/temp/test.c)new_line
   |   |)endif_directive#4a7f7e0
   |   )statement#4a7f840
   |  )compound_statement#4a77ae0
   | )selection_statement#4a77b40
   |)statement_seq#4a77d20
   )compound_statement#4a77b20
  )function_definition#4a77be0
 )declaration_seq#4a77580
)translation_unit#4a7e0e0

您可以在第 8 行将预处理器指令视为“if_directive”。

是的，DMS 也可以漂亮地打印这棵树。以下命令运行解析器以生成 AST，然后运行 ​​DMS PrettyPrinter 以仅从树重新生成源。往返准确；你可以重新编译并得到相同的结果。评论也被保留。

C:\DMS\Domains\C\GCC4\Tools\PrettyPrinter>run domainprettyprinter \temp\test.c
C~GCC4 PrettyPrinter Version 1.2.13
Copyright (C) 2004-2013 Semantic Designs, Inc; All Rights Reserved; SD Confidential
Powered by DMS (R) Software Reengineering Toolkit

#define FILENAME "filename"
#include <stdio.h>
FILE *f;

main()
{
  f = 0;
  if (file_is_open)
    {
      #ifdef CAN_OPEN_IT
        f = fopen(FILENAME, "r");
      #else
        printf("Unable to open file.\n");
      #endif
    }
}

您可以了解 DMS 如何处理 C++。此时，它可以处理 GCC 和 MS 方言的所有 C++14。

Our DMS Software Reengineering Toolkit has a C front end (and a C++ front end) that:

  • parses (compilable) C source code in a variety of dialects into ASTs,
  • preserves the preprocessor directives in most cases as AST nodes
  • can regenerate compilable C code (with comments and preprocessor directives) from the ASTs
  • can collects thousands of files in a single image to allow cross-file analysis and transformation
  • provides full symbol table construction and access
  • provides procedural access to ASTs with a large AST manipulation library, including navigate, inspect, insert, delete, replace, match, ...
  • provides source-to-source transformations using patterns written in the C notation that match against the ASTs

For C (not yet for C++), DMS also provides:

  • control and data flow analysis
  • local and global points-to analysis
  • global call graph construction

DMS has been used to process extremely large C applications for the purposes of extracting facts and generating new, derived code from the original source base.

(EDIT: Feb 2016)

It can handle the OP's example (with slight fixes to make it valid).
Here's the slightly revised source:

#define FILENAME "filename"
#include <stdio.h>

FILE *f;
main() {
  f=0;
if (file_is_open) {
#ifdef CAN_OPEN_IT
f = fopen(FILENAME, "r");
#else
printf("Unable to open file.\n");
#endif
}

}

Here is the AST produced:

C~GCC4 Domain Parser Version 3.0.1(28449)
Copyright (C) 1996-2013 Semantic Designs, Inc; All Rights Reserved; SD Confidential
Powered by DMS (R) Software Reengineering Toolkit
AST Optimizations: remove constant tokens, remove unary productions, compact sequences
Using encoding Unicode-UTF-8?ANSI +CRLF +1 /^I
(translation_unit@C~GCC4=2#4a7e0e0^0 Line 1 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
 (declaration_seq@C~GCC4=605#4a77580^1#4a7e0e0:1 {4} Line 1 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
  (control_line@C~GCC4=1094#4a775c0^1#4a77580:1 Line 1 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   ('#'@C~GCC4=1548#4a771c0^1#4a775c0:1[Keyword:0] Line 1 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c)'#'
   (IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a77200^1#4a775c0:2[`FILENAME'] Line 1 Column 9 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   (<!MacroDefinition>@C~GCC4=1603#4a77180^2#4a775c0:3#4a7f300:1[`FILENAME'] Line 1 Column 18 File C:/temp/test.c
$VOID$ [Child 1]
   |(STRING_LITERAL@C~GCC4=1525#4a77160^2#4a77180:2#4a7f300:2[`filename'] Line 1 Column 18 File C:/temp/test.c)STRING_LITERAL
$VOID$ [Child 3]
   )<!MacroDefinition>#4a77180
   (new_line@C~GCC4=1578#4a77260^1#4a775c0:4[Keyword:0] Line 1 Column 28 File C:/temp/test.c)new_line
  )control_line#4a775c0
  (control_line@C~GCC4=1104#4a77460^1#4a77580:2 Line 2 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   ('#'@C~GCC4=1548#4a77340^1#4a77460:1[Keyword:0] Line 2 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c)'#'
   (ANGLED_HEADER_NAME@C~GCC4=1589#4a77380^1#4a77460:2[`stdio.h'] Line 2 Column 10 File C:/temp/test.c)ANGLED_HEADER_NAME
   (new_line@C~GCC4=1578#4a773c0^1#4a77460:3[Keyword:0] Line 2 Column 19 File C:/temp/test.c)new_line
  )control_line#4a77460
  (simple_declaration@C~GCC4=631#4a774c0^1#4a77580:3 Line 4 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   (IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a77360^1#4a774c0:1[`FILE'] Line 4 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   (declarator@C~GCC4=850#4a77520^1#4a774c0:2 Line 4 Column 6 File C:/temp/test.c
   |(ptr_operator@C~GCC4=866#4a77560^1#4a77520:1 Line 4 Column 6 File C:/temp/test.c)ptr_operator
   |(IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a77480^1#4a77520:2[`f'] Line 4 Column 7 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   )declarator#4a77520
  )simple_declaration#4a774c0
  (function_definition@C~GCC4=966#4a77be0^1#4a77580:4 Line 5 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   (direct_declarator@C~GCC4=852#4a77440^1#4a77be0:1 Line 5 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   |(IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a774e0^1#4a77440:1[`main'] Line 5 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   |(parameter_declaration_clause@C~GCC4=900#4a77220^1#4a77440:2 Line 5 Column 6 File C:/temp/test.c)parameter_declaration_clause
   )direct_declarator#4a77440
   (compound_statement@C~GCC4=507#4a77b20^1#4a77be0:2 Line 5 Column 8 File C:/temp/test.c
   |(statement_seq@C~GCC4=511#4a77d20^1#4a77b20:1 {2} Line 6 Column 3 File C:/temp/test.c
   | (AMBIGUITY<statement=358>@C~GCC4=1602#4a77680^1#4a77d20:1{2} Line 6 Column 3 File C:/temp/test.c
   |  (expression_statement@C~GCC4=503#4a7e040^1#4a77680:1 Line 6 Column 3 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   (assignment_expression@C~GCC4=457#4a77f00^1#4a7e040:1 Line 6 Column 3 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |(assignment_target@C~GCC4=470#4a77a00^1#4a77f00:1 Line 6 Column 3 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   | (IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a77400^2#4a77a00:1#4a77fc0:1[`f'] Line 6 Column 3 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   |   |)assignment_target#4a77a00
   |   |(INT_LITERAL@C~GCC4=1471#4a77a60^2#4a77f00:2#4a77f60:1[0] Line 6 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c)INT_LITERAL
   |   )assignment_expression#4a77f00
   |  )expression_statement#4a7e040
   |  (simple_declaration@C~GCC4=630#4a7e060^1#4a77680:2 Line 6 Column 3 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   (init_declarator@C~GCC4=835#4a77fc0^1#4a7e060:1 Line 6 Column 3 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |(IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a77400^2... [ALREADY PRINTED] ...)
   |   |(initializer@C~GCC4=983#4a77f60^1#4a77fc0:2 Line 6 Column 4 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   | (INT_LITERAL@C~GCC4=1471#4a77a60^2... [ALREADY PRINTED] ...)
   |   |)initializer#4a77f60
   |   )init_declarator#4a77fc0
   |  )simple_declaration#4a7e060
   | )AMBIGUITY#4a77680
   | (selection_statement@C~GCC4=527#4a77b40^1#4a77d20:2 Line 7 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   |  (IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a7e0c0^1#4a77b40:1[`file_is_open'] Line 7 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   |  (compound_statement@C~GCC4=507#4a77ae0^1#4a77b40:2 Line 7 Column 19 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   (statement@C~GCC4=490#4a7f840^1#4a77ae0:1 Line 8 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |(if_directive@C~GCC4=1088#4a7f1c0^1#4a7f840:1 Line 8 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   | ('#'@C~GCC4=1548#4a7f240^1#4a7f1c0:1[Keyword:0] Line 8 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c)'#'
   |   | (IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a7ee60^1#4a7f1c0:2[`CAN_OPEN_IT'] Line 8 Column 8 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   |   | (new_line@C~GCC4=1578#4a7f1e0^1#4a7f1c0:3[Keyword:0] Line 8 Column 19 File C:/temp/test.c)new_line
   |   |)if_directive#4a7f1c0
   |   |(AMBIGUITY<statement=358>@C~GCC4=1602#4a77d40^1#4a7f840:2{2} Line 9 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   | (expression_statement@C~GCC4=503#4a7f4a0^1#4a77d40:1 Line 9 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |  (assignment_expression@C~GCC4=457#4a7f3c0^1#4a7f4a0:1 Line 9 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |   (assignment_target@C~GCC4=470#4a7eec0^1#4a7f3c0:1 Line 9 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |   |(IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a7eee0^2#4a7eec0:1#4a7f400:1[`f'] Line 9 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   |   |   )assignment_target#4a7eec0
   |   |   (postfix_expression@C~GCC4=201#4a7f2e0^1#4a7f3c0:2 Line 9 Column 9 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |   |(IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a7f120^2#4a7f2e0:1#4a7f160:1[`fopen'] Line 9 Column 9 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   |   |   |(expression_list@C~GCC4=228#4a7f260^2#4a7f2e0:2#4a7f160:2 Line 9 Column 15 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |   | (<!MacroCall>@C~GCC4=1607#4a7f300^1#4a7f260:1[`FILENAME'] Line 9 Column 15 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |   |  (<!MacroDefinition>@C~GCC4=1603#4a77180^2... [ALREADY PRINTED] ...)
   |   |   |  (STRING_LITERAL@C~GCC4=1525#4a77160^2... [ALREADY PRINTED] ...)
   |   |   |  $VOID$ [Child 3]
   |   |   |  (STRING_LITERAL@C~GCC4=1525#4a7f2c0^1#4a7f300:4[`filename'] Line 1 Column 18 File C:/temp/test.c)STRING_LITERAL
   |   |   |  $VOID$ [Child 5]
   |   |   | )<!MacroCall>#4a7f300
   |   |   | (STRING_LITERAL@C~GCC4=1525#4a7f140^1#4a7f260:2[`r'] Line 9 Column 25 File C:/temp/test.c)STRING_LITERAL
   |   |   |)expression_list#4a7f260
   |   |   )postfix_expression#4a7f2e0
   |   |  )assignment_expression#4a7f3c0
   |   | )expression_statement#4a7f4a0
   |   | (simple_declaration@C~GCC4=630#4a7f480^1#4a77d40:2 Line 9 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |  (init_declarator@C~GCC4=835#4a7f400^1#4a7f480:1 Line 9 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |   (IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a7eee0^2... [ALREADY PRINTED] ...)
   |   |   (initializer@C~GCC4=983#4a7f3e0^1#4a7f400:2 Line 9 Column 7 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |   |(postfix_expression@C~GCC4=201#4a7f160^1#4a7f3e0:1 Line 9 Column 9 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |   | (IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a7f120^2... [ALREADY PRINTED] ...)
   |   |   | (expression_list@C~GCC4=228#4a7f260^2... [ALREADY PRINTED] ...)
   |   |   |)postfix_expression#4a7f160
   |   |   )initializer#4a7f3e0
   |   |  )init_declarator#4a7f400
   |   | )simple_declaration#4a7f480
   |   |)AMBIGUITY#4a77d40
   |   |(else_directive@C~GCC4=1091#4a7f4c0^1#4a7f840:3 Line 10 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   | ('#'@C~GCC4=1548#4a7f500^1#4a7f4c0:1[Keyword:0] Line 10 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c)'#'
   |   | (new_line@C~GCC4=1578#4a7f4e0^1#4a7f4c0:2[Keyword:0] Line 10 Column 6 File C:/temp/test.c)new_line
   |   |)else_directive#4a7f4c0
   |   |(expression_statement@C~GCC4=503#4a7f7c0^1#4a7f840:4 Line 11 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   | (postfix_expression@C~GCC4=201#4a77ba0^1#4a7f7c0:1 Line 11 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   |  (IDENTIFIER@C~GCC4=1531#4a7f640^1#4a77ba0:1[`printf'] Line 11 Column 5 File C:/temp/test.c)IDENTIFIER
   |   |  (STRING_LITERAL@C~GCC4=1525#4a77c20^1#4a77ba0:2[`Unable to open file.
'] Line 11 Column 12 File C:/temp/test.c)STRING_LITERAL
   |   | )postfix_expression#4a77ba0
   |   |)expression_statement#4a7f7c0
   |   |(endif_directive@C~GCC4=1092#4a7f7e0^1#4a7f840:5 Line 12 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c
   |   | ('#'@C~GCC4=1548#4a7f720^1#4a7f7e0:1[Keyword:0] Line 12 Column 1 File C:/temp/test.c)'#'
   |   | (new_line@C~GCC4=1578#4a7f700^1#4a7f7e0:2[Keyword:0] Line 12 Column 7 File C:/temp/test.c)new_line
   |   |)endif_directive#4a7f7e0
   |   )statement#4a7f840
   |  )compound_statement#4a77ae0
   | )selection_statement#4a77b40
   |)statement_seq#4a77d20
   )compound_statement#4a77b20
  )function_definition#4a77be0
 )declaration_seq#4a77580
)translation_unit#4a7e0e0

You can see the preprocessor directives as "if_directive" on line 8.

Yes, DMS can prettyprint this tree, too. The following command runs the parser to produce an AST, and then runs the DMS prettyprinter to regenerate source solely from the tree. The round-trip is accurate; you can recompile and get the same result. Comments are preserved, too.

C:\DMS\Domains\C\GCC4\Tools\PrettyPrinter>run domainprettyprinter \temp\test.c
C~GCC4 PrettyPrinter Version 1.2.13
Copyright (C) 2004-2013 Semantic Designs, Inc; All Rights Reserved; SD Confidential
Powered by DMS (R) Software Reengineering Toolkit

#define FILENAME "filename"
#include <stdio.h>
FILE *f;

main()
{
  f = 0;
  if (file_is_open)
    {
      #ifdef CAN_OPEN_IT
        f = fopen(FILENAME, "r");
      #else
        printf("Unable to open file.\n");
      #endif
    }
}

You can see how DMS handles C++. At this point it handles all of C++14 for GCC and MS dialects.

回复 原文
踏雪无痕 2024-08-26 03:39:36

以GNU gcc编译器为例，预处理源代码所需的标志为gcc -E mysource.c，参见此处了解更多信息。至于漂亮的打印，有 缩进 这解释了用法 这里，这有点老了，但仍然值得一提。还有 cflow 可以生成源地图。

抱歉，如果我误解了您要找的内容...

Take the GNU gcc compiler, the flags required to pre-process the source is gcc -E mysource.c, see here for further information. As for pretty printing it, there's indent and this explains the usage here, this is a bit old, but nonetheless worthy of mention. There is also cflow that can produce a map of the source.

Sorry if I misunderstood what you're looking for...

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