如何设置 Celery 在运行任务之前调用自定义初始化函数?

发布于 2024-08-18 20:33:34 字数 372 浏览 5 评论 0原文

我有一个 Django 项目,我正在尝试使用 Celery 提交任务进行后台处理( http:// /ask.github.com/celery/introduction.html )。 Celery 与 Django 集成得很好,我已经能够提交自定义任务并获取结果。

唯一的问题是我找不到在守护进程中执行自定义初始化的合理方法。在开始处理任务之前,我需要调用一个昂贵的函数,该函数会加载大量内存,但我不能每次都调用该函数。

以前有人遇到过这个问题吗?有什么想法可以在不修改 Celery 源代码的情况下解决这个问题吗?

谢谢

I have a Django project and I'm trying to use Celery to submit tasks for background processing ( http://ask.github.com/celery/introduction.html ). Celery integrates well with Django and I've been able to submit my custom tasks and get back results.

The only problem is that I can't find a sane way of performing custom initialization in the daemon process. I need to call an expensive function that loads a lot of memory before I start processing the tasks, and I can't afford to call that function every time.

Has anyone had this problem before? Any ideas how to work around it without modifying the Celery source code?

Thanks

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莫言歌 2024-08-25 20:33:34

您可以编写自定义加载程序,也可以使用信号。

加载器有 on_task_init 方法,当任务即将执行时会调用该方法,
on_worker_init 由 celery+celerybeat 主进程调用。

使用信号可能是最简单的,可用的信号是:

0.8.x:

  • task_prerun(task_id, task, args, kwargs)

    当工作人员(或本地)即将执行任务时调度
    如果使用 apply/或者如果已设置 CELERY_ALWAYS_EAGER)。

  • task_postrun(task_id,任务,args,kwargs,retval)
    在与上述相同的条件下执行任务后调度。

  • task_sent(task_id、任务、args、kwargs、eta、任务集)

    应用任务时调用(不适合长时间运行的操作)

0.9.x 中提供的其他信号(github 上的当前主分支):

  • worker_init()

    在 celeryd 启动时调用(在任务初始化之前,因此如果在
    系统支持fork,任何内存更改都会被复制到子进程
    工作进程)。

  • worker_ready()

    当 celeryd 能够接收任务时调用。

  • worker_shutdown()

    当 celeryd 关闭时调用。

下面是一个在进程中第一次运行任务时预先计算某些内容的示例:

from celery.task import Task
from celery.registry import tasks
from celery.signals import task_prerun

_precalc_table = {}

class PowersOfTwo(Task):

    def run(self, x):
        if x in _precalc_table:
            return _precalc_table[x]
        else:
            return x ** 2
tasks.register(PowersOfTwo)


def _precalc_numbers(**kwargs):
    if not _precalc_table: # it's empty, so haven't been generated yet
        for i in range(1024):
            _precalc_table[i] = i ** 2


# need to use registered instance for sender argument.
task_prerun.connect(_precalc_numbers, sender=tasks[PowerOfTwo.name])

如果您希望为所有任务运行该函数,只需跳过 sender 参数即可。

You can either write a custom loader, or use the signals.

Loaders have the on_task_init method, which is called when a task is about to be executed,
and on_worker_init which is called by the celery+celerybeat main process.

Using signals is probably the easiest, the signals available are:

0.8.x:

  • task_prerun(task_id, task, args, kwargs)

    Dispatched when a task is about to be executed by the worker (or locally
    if using apply/or if CELERY_ALWAYS_EAGER has been set).

  • task_postrun(task_id, task, args, kwargs, retval)
    Dispatched after a task has been executed in the same conditions as above.

  • task_sent(task_id, task, args, kwargs, eta, taskset)

    Called when a task is applied (not good for long-running operations)

Additional signals available in 0.9.x (current master branch on github):

  • worker_init()

    Called when celeryd has started (before the task is initialized, so if on a
    system supporting fork, any memory changes would be copied to the child
    worker processes).

  • worker_ready()

    Called when celeryd is able to receive tasks.

  • worker_shutdown()

    Called when celeryd is shutting down.

Here's an example precalculating something the first time a task is run in the process:

from celery.task import Task
from celery.registry import tasks
from celery.signals import task_prerun

_precalc_table = {}

class PowersOfTwo(Task):

    def run(self, x):
        if x in _precalc_table:
            return _precalc_table[x]
        else:
            return x ** 2
tasks.register(PowersOfTwo)


def _precalc_numbers(**kwargs):
    if not _precalc_table: # it's empty, so haven't been generated yet
        for i in range(1024):
            _precalc_table[i] = i ** 2


# need to use registered instance for sender argument.
task_prerun.connect(_precalc_numbers, sender=tasks[PowerOfTwo.name])

If you want the function to be run for all tasks, just skip the sender argument.

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