在 Snow Leopard 上安装一些 gem 时出错 - libxml2

Question

升级到 Snow Leopard 后，我发现安装一些 gem 不再起作用，包括 webrat、mechanize 等。每次我都会收到此错误：

checking for xmlParseDoc() in -lxml2... no
libxml2 is missing.  try 'port install libxml2' or 'yum install libxml2'
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.

不，我没有尝试使用 macports 安装它，因为几年前我放弃了 macports当我发现我无法轻松降级/管理端口时。从那时起，我已经非常习惯从源代码手动构建，这是我第一次遇到超出我知识范围的事情。我愿意被说服回到 macports，但前提是没有简单的解决方案来解决我所缺少的问题。

看来 libxml2 实际上并没有丢失，也许只是过时了？...

扩展输出

ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

/usr/local/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for iconv.h in /opt/local/include/,/opt/local/include/libxml2,/opt/local/include,/opt/local/include,/opt/local/include/libxml2,/usr/local/include,/usr/local/include/libxml2,/usr/local/include,/usr/local/include/libxml2,/usr/include,/usr/include/libxml2... yes
checking for libxml/parser.h in /opt/local/include/,/opt/local/include/libxml2,/opt/local/include,/opt/local/include,/opt/local/include/libxml2,/usr/local/include,/usr/local/include/libxml2,/usr/local/include,/usr/local/include/libxml2,/usr/include,/usr/include/libxml2... yes
checking for libxslt/xslt.h in /opt/local/include/,/opt/local/include/libxml2,/opt/local/include,/opt/local/include,/opt/local/include/libxml2,/usr/local/include,/usr/local/include/libxml2,/usr/local/include,/usr/local/include/libxml2,/usr/include,/usr/include/libxml2... yes
checking for libexslt/exslt.h in /opt/local/include/,/opt/local/include/libxml2,/opt/local/include,/opt/local/include,/opt/local/include/libxml2,/usr/local/include,/usr/local/include/libxml2,/usr/local/include,/usr/local/include/libxml2,/usr/include,/usr/include/libxml2... yes
checking for xmlParseDoc() in -lxml2... no
libxml2 is missing.  try 'port install libxml2' or 'yum install libxml2'
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/usr/local/bin/ruby
    --with-iconv-dir
    --without-iconv-dir
    --with-iconv-include
    --without-iconv-include=${iconv-dir}/include
    --with-iconv-lib
    --without-iconv-lib=${iconv-dir}/lib
    --with-xml2-dir
    --without-xml2-dir
    --with-xml2-include
    --without-xml2-include=${xml2-dir}/include
    --with-xml2-lib
    --without-xml2-lib=${xml2-dir}/lib
    --with-xslt-dir
    --without-xslt-dir
    --with-xslt-include
    --without-xslt-include=${xslt-dir}/include
    --with-xslt-lib
    --without-xslt-lib=${xslt-dir}/lib
    --with-xml2lib
    --without-xml2lib


Gem files will remain installed in /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/nokogiri-1.4.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/nokogiri-1.4.1/ext/nokogiri/gem_make.out

Answer 1

floyd 的解决方案太过分了 - 我遇到了同样的问题，并开始破坏一些与 xml2 相关的相同 /opt/local 文件，但他的“find”命令没有显示 opt/local/lib 中的实际 libxml2 文件。也许你只需要用核武器攻击那些。

这是我的核化文件：

/opt/local/include/libxml2
/opt/local/var/db/dports/distfiles/libxml2
/opt/local/var/db/dports/receipts/libxml2
/opt/local/var/db/dports/software/libxml2
/opt/local/var/db/dports/rsync.rsync.darwinports.org_dpupdate_dports/textproc/libxml2
/opt/local/share/gtk-doc/html/libxml2
/opt/local/var/db/dports/sources/rsync.rsync.darwinports.org_dpupdate_dports/textproc/libxml2

但在你尝试之前 - 只需核化 lib 文件
sudo rm /opt/local/lib/libxml2.*

当我尝试安装之后，它开始编译所有内容，但随后因 libz 问题而崩溃...

所以在 /opt/local/lib 中删除它
sudo rm -rf /opt/local/lib/libz.*

它编译得很好！

因此，尝试对 /opt/local/lib libxml2.* 和 libz.* 文件进行 nuke，看看它是否可以编译，如果不能，则对 /opt/local/includes 进行 nuke

Answer 2

更新

正如另一个答案中所述，下面的解决方案是“过度杀伤”，因为它从您的系统中删除了 MacPorts，我认为我之前已经完成了。小心行事。可能有一种方法可以使用 MacPorts 来更新 libxml2 安装。

---

我解决了这个问题（至少在我的机器上）。

当我意识到该跟踪中没有任何内容表明缺少 libxml2，而是检测到的版本有问题时，我四处寻找以确认这一事实。果然，nokogiri 网站（许多类似的错误报告都指向我）明确指出Snow Leopard 附带了一个良好的 libxml2 工作版本。

因此，我推断我一定是很久以前通过其他方式安装了一个版本。我会记得如果我是手动安装的，那么实际上就只剩下一个选项了，该死的macports。

$ libxml2-2.7.1 tfwright$ sudo find / -type d -name "libxml2" 
find: /dev/fd/3: Not a directory
find: /dev/fd/4: Not a directory
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk/usr/include/libxml2
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.5.sdk/usr/include/libxml2
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/usr/include/libxml2
/opt/local/include/libxml2
/opt/local/share/gtk-doc/html/libxml2
/opt/local/var/macports/distfiles/libxml2
/opt/local/var/macports/receipts/libxml2
/opt/local/var/macports/software/libxml2
/opt/local/var/macports/software/libxml2/2.6.30_0/opt/local/include/libxml2
/opt/local/var/macports/software/libxml2/2.6.30_0/opt/local/share/gtk-doc/html/libxml2
/opt/local/var/macports/sources/rsync.macports.org/release/ports/textproc/libxml2
/usr/include/libxml2
/usr/share/gtk-doc/html/libxml2

我的儿子...只是吹走了 /opt/local/var/macports，我首先尝试过，似乎没有解决问题，所以我去了 大炮。

sudo rm -rf \
/opt/local \
/Applications/DarwinPorts \
/Applications/MacPorts \
/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.macports.* \
/Library/Receipts/DarwinPorts*.pkg \
/Library/Receipts/MacPorts*.pkg \
/Library/StartupItems/DarwinPortsStartup \
/Library/Tcl/darwinports1.0 \
/Library/Tcl/macports1.0 \
~/.macports

之后，一切安装正常。这是正确的。永远不要相信错误消息的建议！我根本不需要用 macports 重新安装 libxml2，而是需要从系统中清除 macports 的所有痕迹，这一直困扰着我。

Answer 3

您尝试安装的 gems 需要 libxml2。如果您愿意从源代码安装，请安装 libxml2。

您可能会遇到依赖性问题，其中 libxml2 依赖于您需要手动构建和安装的许多其他包。这就是 macports 最终变得有用的原因之一。