使用线程复制主线程添加到字符串列表的文件
我有一个网络创建程序,在构建网站时会创建数百个文件。
当互联网根文件夹位于本地电脑上时,程序运行正常。如果互联网根文件夹位于网络驱动器上,则复制创建的页面比创建页面本身花费的时间更长(页面的创建已相当优化)。
我正在考虑在本地创建文件,将创建的文件的名称添加到 TStringList 中,并让另一个线程将它们复制到网络驱动器(从 TStringList 中删除复制的文件)。
然而,我以前从未使用过线程,并且在涉及线程的其他 Delphi 问题中找不到现有答案(如果我们可以在搜索字段中使用 and
运算符< /em>),所以我现在问是否有人有一个可以执行此操作的工作示例(或者可以向我指出一些包含工作Delphi代码的文章)?
我正在使用 Delphi 7。
编辑:我的示例项目(感谢 mghie
的原始代码 - 在此再次感谢他)。
...
fct : TFileCopyThread;
...
procedure TfrmMain.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
if not DirectoryExists(DEST_FOLDER)
then
MkDir(DEST_FOLDER);
fct := TFileCopyThread.Create(Handle, DEST_FOLDER);
end;
procedure TfrmMain.FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction);
begin
FreeAndNil(fct);
end;
procedure TfrmMain.btnOpenClick(Sender: TObject);
var sDir : string;
Fldr : TedlFolderRtns;
i : integer;
begin
if PickFolder(sDir,'')
then begin
// one of my components, returning a filelist [non threaded :) ]
Fldr := TedlFolderRtns.Create();
Fldr.FileList(sDir,'*.*',True);
for i := 0 to Fldr.TotalFileCnt -1 do
begin
fct.AddFile( fldr.ResultList[i]);
end;
end;
end;
procedure TfrmMain.wmFileBeingCopied(var Msg: Tmessage);
var s : string;
begin
s := fct.FileBeingCopied;
if s <> ''
then
lbxFiles.Items.Add(fct.FileBeingCopied);
lblFileCount.Caption := IntToStr( fct.FileCount );
end;
和单元
unit eFileCopyThread;
interface
uses
SysUtils, Classes, SyncObjs, Windows, Messages;
const
umFileBeingCopied = WM_USER + 1;
type
TFileCopyThread = class(TThread)
private
fCS: TCriticalSection;
fDestDir: string;
fSrcFiles: TStrings;
fFilesEvent: TEvent;
fShutdownEvent: TEvent;
fFileBeingCopied: string;
fMainWindowHandle: HWND;
fFileCount: Integer;
function GetFileBeingCopied: string;
protected
procedure Execute; override;
public
constructor Create(const MainWindowHandle:HWND; const ADestDir: string);
destructor Destroy; override;
procedure AddFile(const ASrcFileName: string);
function IsCopyingFiles: boolean;
property FileBeingCopied: string read GetFileBeingCopied;
property FileCount: Integer read fFileCount;
end;
implementation
constructor TFileCopyThread.Create(const MainWindowHandle:HWND;const ADestDir: string);
begin
inherited Create(True);
fMainWindowHandle := MainWindowHandle;
fCS := TCriticalSection.Create;
fDestDir := IncludeTrailingBackslash(ADestDir);
fSrcFiles := TStringList.Create;
fFilesEvent := TEvent.Create(nil, True, False, '');
fShutdownEvent := TEvent.Create(nil, True, False, '');
Resume;
end;
destructor TFileCopyThread.Destroy;
begin
if fShutdownEvent <> nil then
fShutdownEvent.SetEvent;
Terminate;
WaitFor;
FreeAndNil(fFilesEvent);
FreeAndNil(fShutdownEvent);
FreeAndNil(fSrcFiles);
FreeAndNil(fCS);
inherited;
end;
procedure TFileCopyThread.AddFile(const ASrcFileName: string);
begin
if ASrcFileName <> ''
then begin
fCS.Acquire;
try
fSrcFiles.Add(ASrcFileName);
fFileCount := fSrcFiles.Count;
fFilesEvent.SetEvent;
finally
fCS.Release;
end;
end;
end;
procedure TFileCopyThread.Execute;
var
Handles: array[0..1] of THandle;
Res: Cardinal;
SrcFileName, DestFileName: string;
begin
Handles[0] := fFilesEvent.Handle;
Handles[1] := fShutdownEvent.Handle;
while not Terminated do
begin
Res := WaitForMultipleObjects(2, @Handles[0], False, INFINITE);
if Res = WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1 then
break;
if Res = WAIT_OBJECT_0
then begin
while not Terminated do
begin
fCS.Acquire;
try
if fSrcFiles.Count > 0
then begin
SrcFileName := fSrcFiles[0];
fSrcFiles.Delete(0);
fFileCount := fSrcFiles.Count;
PostMessage( fMainWindowHandle,umFileBeingCopied,0,0 );
end else
SrcFileName := '';
fFileBeingCopied := SrcFileName;
if SrcFileName = '' then
fFilesEvent.ResetEvent;
finally
fCS.Release;
end;
if SrcFileName = '' then
break;
DestFileName := fDestDir + ExtractFileName(SrcFileName);
CopyFile(PChar(SrcFileName), PChar(DestFileName), True);
end;
end;
end;
end;
function TFileCopyThread.IsCopyingFiles: boolean;
begin
fCS.Acquire;
try
Result := (fSrcFiles.Count > 0)
// last file is still being copied
or (WaitForSingleObject(fFilesEvent.Handle, 0) = WAIT_OBJECT_0);
finally
fCS.Release;
end;
end;
// new version - edited after receiving comments
function TFileCopyThread.GetFileBeingCopied: string;
begin
fCS.Acquire;
try
Result := fFileBeingCopied;
finally
fCS.Release;
end;
end;
// old version - deleted after receiving comments
//function TFileCopyThread.GetFileBeingCopied: string;
//begin
// Result := '';
// if fFileBeingCopied <> ''
// then begin
// fCS.Acquire;
// try
// Result := fFileBeingCopied;
// fFilesEvent.SetEvent;
// finally
// fCS.Release;
// end;
// end;
//end;
end.
任何额外的评论将不胜感激。
阅读评论并查看示例,您会发现解决方案的不同方法,以及对所有这些方法的赞成和反对意见。
当尝试实现一个复杂的新功能(就像线程对我来说)时的问题是,你几乎总是会找到一些似乎有效的东西......一开始。只是后来你才发现,事情本来应该以不同的方式做。线程就是一个很好的例子。
像 StackOverflow 这样的网站都很棒。真是一个社区啊。
I have a web creation program which, when building a site, creates hundreds of files.
When the internet root folder is situated on the local pc, the program runs fine. If the internet root folder is situated on a network drive, the copying of a created page takes longer than creating the page itself (the creation of the page is fairly optimized).
I was thinking of creating the files locally, adding the names of the created files to a TStringList and let another thread copy them to the network drive (removing the copied file from the TStringList).
Howerver, I have never, ever used threads before and I couldn't find an existing answer in the other Delphi questions involving threads (if only we could use an and
operator in the search field), so I am now asking if anyone has got a working example which does this (or can point me to some article with working Delphi code) ?
I am using Delphi 7.
EDITED: My sample project (thx to the original code by mghie
- who is hereby thanked once again).
...
fct : TFileCopyThread;
...
procedure TfrmMain.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
if not DirectoryExists(DEST_FOLDER)
then
MkDir(DEST_FOLDER);
fct := TFileCopyThread.Create(Handle, DEST_FOLDER);
end;
procedure TfrmMain.FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction);
begin
FreeAndNil(fct);
end;
procedure TfrmMain.btnOpenClick(Sender: TObject);
var sDir : string;
Fldr : TedlFolderRtns;
i : integer;
begin
if PickFolder(sDir,'')
then begin
// one of my components, returning a filelist [non threaded :) ]
Fldr := TedlFolderRtns.Create();
Fldr.FileList(sDir,'*.*',True);
for i := 0 to Fldr.TotalFileCnt -1 do
begin
fct.AddFile( fldr.ResultList[i]);
end;
end;
end;
procedure TfrmMain.wmFileBeingCopied(var Msg: Tmessage);
var s : string;
begin
s := fct.FileBeingCopied;
if s <> ''
then
lbxFiles.Items.Add(fct.FileBeingCopied);
lblFileCount.Caption := IntToStr( fct.FileCount );
end;
and the unit
unit eFileCopyThread;
interface
uses
SysUtils, Classes, SyncObjs, Windows, Messages;
const
umFileBeingCopied = WM_USER + 1;
type
TFileCopyThread = class(TThread)
private
fCS: TCriticalSection;
fDestDir: string;
fSrcFiles: TStrings;
fFilesEvent: TEvent;
fShutdownEvent: TEvent;
fFileBeingCopied: string;
fMainWindowHandle: HWND;
fFileCount: Integer;
function GetFileBeingCopied: string;
protected
procedure Execute; override;
public
constructor Create(const MainWindowHandle:HWND; const ADestDir: string);
destructor Destroy; override;
procedure AddFile(const ASrcFileName: string);
function IsCopyingFiles: boolean;
property FileBeingCopied: string read GetFileBeingCopied;
property FileCount: Integer read fFileCount;
end;
implementation
constructor TFileCopyThread.Create(const MainWindowHandle:HWND;const ADestDir: string);
begin
inherited Create(True);
fMainWindowHandle := MainWindowHandle;
fCS := TCriticalSection.Create;
fDestDir := IncludeTrailingBackslash(ADestDir);
fSrcFiles := TStringList.Create;
fFilesEvent := TEvent.Create(nil, True, False, '');
fShutdownEvent := TEvent.Create(nil, True, False, '');
Resume;
end;
destructor TFileCopyThread.Destroy;
begin
if fShutdownEvent <> nil then
fShutdownEvent.SetEvent;
Terminate;
WaitFor;
FreeAndNil(fFilesEvent);
FreeAndNil(fShutdownEvent);
FreeAndNil(fSrcFiles);
FreeAndNil(fCS);
inherited;
end;
procedure TFileCopyThread.AddFile(const ASrcFileName: string);
begin
if ASrcFileName <> ''
then begin
fCS.Acquire;
try
fSrcFiles.Add(ASrcFileName);
fFileCount := fSrcFiles.Count;
fFilesEvent.SetEvent;
finally
fCS.Release;
end;
end;
end;
procedure TFileCopyThread.Execute;
var
Handles: array[0..1] of THandle;
Res: Cardinal;
SrcFileName, DestFileName: string;
begin
Handles[0] := fFilesEvent.Handle;
Handles[1] := fShutdownEvent.Handle;
while not Terminated do
begin
Res := WaitForMultipleObjects(2, @Handles[0], False, INFINITE);
if Res = WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1 then
break;
if Res = WAIT_OBJECT_0
then begin
while not Terminated do
begin
fCS.Acquire;
try
if fSrcFiles.Count > 0
then begin
SrcFileName := fSrcFiles[0];
fSrcFiles.Delete(0);
fFileCount := fSrcFiles.Count;
PostMessage( fMainWindowHandle,umFileBeingCopied,0,0 );
end else
SrcFileName := '';
fFileBeingCopied := SrcFileName;
if SrcFileName = '' then
fFilesEvent.ResetEvent;
finally
fCS.Release;
end;
if SrcFileName = '' then
break;
DestFileName := fDestDir + ExtractFileName(SrcFileName);
CopyFile(PChar(SrcFileName), PChar(DestFileName), True);
end;
end;
end;
end;
function TFileCopyThread.IsCopyingFiles: boolean;
begin
fCS.Acquire;
try
Result := (fSrcFiles.Count > 0)
// last file is still being copied
or (WaitForSingleObject(fFilesEvent.Handle, 0) = WAIT_OBJECT_0);
finally
fCS.Release;
end;
end;
// new version - edited after receiving comments
function TFileCopyThread.GetFileBeingCopied: string;
begin
fCS.Acquire;
try
Result := fFileBeingCopied;
finally
fCS.Release;
end;
end;
// old version - deleted after receiving comments
//function TFileCopyThread.GetFileBeingCopied: string;
//begin
// Result := '';
// if fFileBeingCopied <> ''
// then begin
// fCS.Acquire;
// try
// Result := fFileBeingCopied;
// fFilesEvent.SetEvent;
// finally
// fCS.Release;
// end;
// end;
//end;
end.
Any additional comments would be much appreciated.
Reading the comments and looking at the examples, you find different approaches to the solutions, with pro and con comments on all of them.
The problem when trying to implement a complicated new feature (as threads are to me), is that you almost always find something which seems to work ... at first. Only later on you find out the hard way that things should have been done differently. And threads are a very good example of this.
Sites like StackOverflow are great. What a community.
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一个快速而肮脏的解决方案:
要在生产代码中使用它,您需要添加错误处理,也许一些进度通知,并且复制本身可能应该以不同的方式实现,但这应该让您开始。
回答您的问题:
您可以创建线程,它将阻塞事件并消耗 0 CPU 周期,直到您添加要复制的文件。一旦所有文件都被复制,线程将再次阻塞,因此除了消耗一些内存之外,在程序的整个运行时保持它不会产生负面影响。
您可以添加通知,但要使它们真正有用,它们需要在主线程的上下文中执行,最简单和最丑陋的方法是将它们用 < 包装。 code>Synchronize() 方法。查看 Delphi Threads 演示,了解如何执行此操作的示例,然后阅读通过在 SO 上搜索“[delphi] 同步”找到的一些问题和答案,了解如何操作。这种技术有很多缺点,
但是,如果您只想显示进度,则无需在每个文件中更新它,而且您已经在 VCL 线程中拥有了所有必要的信息。在添加要复制的文件的位置。您可以简单地以 100 的间隔启动计时器,并让计时器事件处理程序检查线程是否仍然繁忙,以及还有多少文件需要复制。当线程再次被阻塞时,您可以禁用计时器。如果您需要来自线程的更多或不同的信息,那么您可以轻松地向线程类添加更多线程安全方法(例如返回挂起文件的数量)。我从一个最小的界面开始,让事情变得小而简单,仅将其用作灵感。
评论您更新的问题:
您有这段代码:
但它有两个问题。首先,所有对数据字段的访问都需要受到保护以确保安全,然后您只是读取数据,而不是添加新文件,因此无需设置事件。修改后的方法很简单:
您也只设置 fFileBeingCopied 字段,但从不重置它,因此即使线程被阻塞,它也始终等于最后复制的文件。当复制最后一个文件时,您应该将该字符串设置为空,当然,在获取关键部分时也应该这样做。只需将赋值移过
if
块即可。A quick and dirty solution:
To use this in production code you would need to add error handling, maybe some progress notifications, and the copying itself should probably be implemented differently, but this should get you started.
In answer to your questions:
You can create the thread, it will block on the events and consume 0 CPU cycles until you add a file to be copied. Once all files have been copied the thread will block again, so keeping it over the whole runtime of the program has no negative effect apart from consuming some memory.
You can add notifications, but for them to be really useful they need to be executed in the context of the main thread. The easiest and ugliest way to do that is to wrap them with the
Synchronize()
method. Look at the Delphi Threads demo for an example how to do this. Then read some of the questions and answers found by searching for "[delphi] synchronize" here on SO, to see how this technique has quite a few drawbacks.However, I wouldn't implement notifications in this way. If you just want to display progress it's unnecessary to update this with each file. Also, you have all the necessary information in the VCL thread already, in the place where you add the files to be copied. You could simply start a timer with an
Interval
of say 100, and have the timer event handler check whether the thread is still busy, and how many files are left to be copied. When the thread is blocked again you can disable the timer. If you need more or different information from the thread, then you could easily add more thread-safe methods to the thread class (for example return the number of pending files). I started with a minimal interface to keep things small and easy, use it as inspiration only.Comment on your updated question:
You have this code:
but there are two problems with it. First, all access to data fields needs to be protected to be safe, and then you are just reading data, not adding a new file, so there's no need to set the event. The revised method would simply be:
Also you only set the
fFileBeingCopied
field, but never reset it, so it will always equal the last copied file, even when the thread is blocked. You should set that string empty when the last file has been copied, and of course do that while the critical section is acquired. Simply move the assignment past theif
block.如果您有点不愿意像 mghie 解决方案,另一种可能更快的替代方案是使用 Andreas Hausladen 的 AsyncCalls。
骨架代码:
If you're somewhat reluctant to go down to the metal and deal with TThread directly like in mghie solution, an alternative, maybe quicker, is to use Andreas Hausladen's AsyncCalls.
skeleton code:
delphi上
在 in 为了使解决方案起作用,您需要一个工作队列的工作队列。可以使用字符串清单。但是在任何情况下,您都需要守护队列,以便只有一个线程可以在任何时刻写入它。即使写作线程暂停。
您的应用程序写入队列。因此,必须有一种保护的写作方法。
您的线程读取并从队列中删除。因此,必须有一个守卫的读/删除方法。
您可以使用关键部分来确保在任何时候只能访问这些队列。
A good start for using thread is Delphi is found at the Delphi about site
In order to make your solution work, you need a job queue for the worker thread. A stringlist can be used. But in any case you need to guard the queue so that only one thread can write to it at any single moment. Even if the writing thread is suspended.
Your application writes to the queue. So there must be a guarded write method.
Your thread reads and removes from the queue. So there must be a guarded read/remove method.
You can use a critical section to make sure only one of these has access to the queue at any single moment.