限制sqlite表的最大行数

发布于 2024-08-17 07:17:08 字数 306 浏览 8 评论 0原文

我希望实现一种“活动日志”表,其中用户执行的操作存储在 sqlite 表中,然后呈现给用户,以便他们可以看到他们所做的最新活动。然而,自然地,我觉得没有必要保留每一个历史记录,所以我想知道是否有一种方法可以配置表以在达到最大设置限制后开始修剪旧行。

例如,如果限制为 100,即表中当前有多少行,则当插入另一个操作时,最旧的行将自动删除,以便始终最多有 100 行。有没有办法配置 sqlite 表来执行此操作?或者我必须运行 cron 作业吗?

澄清编辑:在任何给定时刻,我想显示表格的最后 100 个(例如)操作/事件(行)。

I am looking to implement a sort of 'activity log' table where actions a user does are stored in a sqlite table and then presented to the user so that they can see the latest activity they have done. However, naturally, I don't feel it is necessary to keep every single bit of history, so I am wondering if there is a way to configure the table to start pruning older rows once a maximum set limit is reached.

For example, if the limit is 100, and that's how many rows there currently are in the table, when another action is inserted, the oldest row is automatically removed so that there are always a maximum of 100 rows. Is there a way to configure the sqlite table to do this? Or would I have to run a cron job?

Clarification Edit: At any given moment, I would like to display the last 100 (for example) actions/events (rows) of the table.

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束缚m 2024-08-24 07:17:08

另一种解决方案是预先创建 100 行,并使用 UPDATE 来更新最旧的行,而不是 INSERT
假设该表有一个datetime 字段,查询

UPDATE ...
WHERE datetime = (SELECT min(datetime) FROM logtable)

就可以完成这项工作。

编辑:显示最后 100 个条目

SELECT * FROM logtable
ORDER BY datetime DESC
LIMIT 100

更新:这里是使用连接操作创建 130 个“虚拟”行的方法:

CREATE TABLE logtable (time TIMESTAMP, msg TEXT);
INSERT INTO logtable DEFAULT VALUES;
INSERT INTO logtable DEFAULT VALUES;
-- insert 2^7 = 128 rows
INSERT INTO logtable SELECT NULL, NULL FROM logtable, logtable, logtable,
   logtable, logtable, logtable, logtable;
UPDATE logtable SET time = DATETIME('now'); 

Another solution is to precreate 100 rows and instead of INSERT use UPDATE to update the oldest row.
Assuming that the table has a datetime field, the query

UPDATE ...
WHERE datetime = (SELECT min(datetime) FROM logtable)

can do the job.

Edit: display the last 100 entries

SELECT * FROM logtable
ORDER BY datetime DESC
LIMIT 100

Update: here is a way to create 130 "dummy" rows by using join operation:

CREATE TABLE logtable (time TIMESTAMP, msg TEXT);
INSERT INTO logtable DEFAULT VALUES;
INSERT INTO logtable DEFAULT VALUES;
-- insert 2^7 = 128 rows
INSERT INTO logtable SELECT NULL, NULL FROM logtable, logtable, logtable,
   logtable, logtable, logtable, logtable;
UPDATE logtable SET time = DATETIME('now'); 
木有鱼丸 2024-08-24 07:17:08

您可以创建一个在 INSERT 上触发的 trigger ,但更好的方法可能是只需有一个定期运行(例如每周一次)并从表中删除记录的预定作业。

You could create a trigger that fires on INSERT, but a better way to approach this, might be to simply have a scheduled job that runs periodically (say once a week) and deletes records from the table.

笛声青案梦长安 2024-08-24 07:17:08

有几种方法可以将表限制为 100 行。 (为简洁起见,下面的代码中有 5 行。)在 SQLite 版本 3.7.9 中测试。

所有这些代码都依赖于 SQLite 处理数据类型声明的一种怪癖。 (无论如何,这对我来说似乎很奇怪。)SQLite 允许您将像 3.14159 和 'wibble' 这样的无意义插入到一个裸整数列中。但它允许您仅将整数插入声明为整数主键整数主键自动增量的列中。

外键约束

对有效 ID 号表使用外键约束,以保证 ID 号在您想要的范围内。外键约束甚至适用于自动增量列。

pragma foreign_keys=on;
create table row_numbers (n integer primary key);

insert into row_numbers values (1);
insert into row_numbers values (2);
insert into row_numbers values (3);
insert into row_numbers values (4);
insert into row_numbers values (5);

create table test_row_numbers (
  row_id integer primary key autoincrement,
  other_columns varchar(35) not null,
  foreign key (row_id) references row_numbers (n)
);

insert into test_row_numbers (other_columns) values ('s');
insert into test_row_numbers (other_columns) values ('s');
insert into test_row_numbers (other_columns) values ('s');
insert into test_row_numbers (other_columns) values ('s');
insert into test_row_numbers (other_columns) values ('s');

第六次插入失败,并显示“错误:外键约束失败”。

我不认为使用自动增量是完全安全的。在其他平台上,回滚会在序列中留下间隙。如果不使用自动增量,则可以通过从“row_numbers”中选取 id 号来安全地插入行。

insert into test_row_numbers values
(
  (select min(n) 
   from row_numbers 
   where n not in 
     (select row_id from test_row_numbers)), 
  's'
);

CHECK() 约束

下面的主键约束保证 id 编号为整数。 CHECK() 约束保证整数位于正确的范围内。您的应用程序可能仍然需要处理回滚引起的间隙。

create table test_row_numbers (
  row_id integer primary key autoincrement,
  other_columns varchar(35) not null,
  check (row_id between 1 and 5)
);

There are a couple of ways to constrain a table to 100 rows. (For brevity, 5 rows in the code below.) Tested in SQLite version 3.7.9.

All this code relies on a kind of quirk in the way SQLite handles data type declarations. (It seems quirky to me, anyway.) SQLite lets you insert nonsense like 3.14159 and 'wibble' into a bare integer column. But it lets you insert only integers into a column declared integer primary key or integer primary key autoincrement.

FOREIGN KEY constraint

Use a foreign key constraint to a table of valid id numbers to guarantee that the id numbers are in the range you want. Foreign key constraints work even on autoincrementing columns.

pragma foreign_keys=on;
create table row_numbers (n integer primary key);

insert into row_numbers values (1);
insert into row_numbers values (2);
insert into row_numbers values (3);
insert into row_numbers values (4);
insert into row_numbers values (5);

create table test_row_numbers (
  row_id integer primary key autoincrement,
  other_columns varchar(35) not null,
  foreign key (row_id) references row_numbers (n)
);

insert into test_row_numbers (other_columns) values ('s');
insert into test_row_numbers (other_columns) values ('s');
insert into test_row_numbers (other_columns) values ('s');
insert into test_row_numbers (other_columns) values ('s');
insert into test_row_numbers (other_columns) values ('s');

Sixth insert fails with "Error: foreign key constraint failed".

I don't think Using an autoincrement is entirely safe. On other platforms, a rollback would leave a gap in the sequence. If you don't use an autoincrement, you can safely insert rows by picking the id number out of "row_numbers".

insert into test_row_numbers values
(
  (select min(n) 
   from row_numbers 
   where n not in 
     (select row_id from test_row_numbers)), 
  's'
);

CHECK() constraint

The primary key constraint below guarantees the id numbers will be integers. The CHECK() constraint guarantees the integers will be in the right range. Your application might still have to deal with gaps caused by rollbacks.

create table test_row_numbers (
  row_id integer primary key autoincrement,
  other_columns varchar(35) not null,
  check (row_id between 1 and 5)
);
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