如何在 Cocoa 中创建字符串的 MD5 哈希值?
我知道 SHA-1 是首选,但这个项目要求我使用 MD5。
#include <openssl/md5.h>
- (NSString*) MD5Hasher: (NSString*) query {
NSData* hashed = [query dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
unsigned char *digest = MD5([hashed bytes], [hashed length], NULL);
NSString *final = [NSString stringWithUTF8String: (char *)digest];
return final;
}
我从 StackOverflow 上另一个类似问题的答案中得到了这段代码,但是当程序在返回最终时中断时,我从 GDB 收到以下错误;
(gdb) p digest
$1 = (unsigned char *) 0xa06310e4 "\0206b\260/\336\316^\021\b\a/9\310\225\204"
(gdb) po final
Cannot access memory at address 0x0
(gdb) po digest
Program received signal EXC_BAD_ACCESS, Could not access memory.
Reason: KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS at address: 0xb0623630
0x98531ed7 in objc_msgSend ()
The program being debugged was signaled while in a function called from GDB.
GDB has restored the context to what it was before the call.
To change this behavior use "set unwindonsignal off"
Evaluation of the expression containing the function
(_NSPrintForDebugger) will be abandoned.
我无法理解它。
I know SHA-1 is preferred, but this project requires I use MD5.
#include <openssl/md5.h>
- (NSString*) MD5Hasher: (NSString*) query {
NSData* hashed = [query dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
unsigned char *digest = MD5([hashed bytes], [hashed length], NULL);
NSString *final = [NSString stringWithUTF8String: (char *)digest];
return final;
}
I got this code from an answer to another similar question on StackOverflow, but I get the following error from GDB when the program breaks at return final;
(gdb) p digest
$1 = (unsigned char *) 0xa06310e4 "\0206b\260/\336\316^\021\b\a/9\310\225\204"
(gdb) po final
Cannot access memory at address 0x0
(gdb) po digest
Program received signal EXC_BAD_ACCESS, Could not access memory.
Reason: KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS at address: 0xb0623630
0x98531ed7 in objc_msgSend ()
The program being debugged was signaled while in a function called from GDB.
GDB has restored the context to what it was before the call.
To change this behavior use "set unwindonsignal off"
Evaluation of the expression containing the function
(_NSPrintForDebugger) will be abandoned.
I can't make any sense of it.
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这是我使用的类别:
NSString+MD5.h
NSString+MD5.m
用法
This is the category I use:
NSString+MD5.h
NSString+MD5.m
Usage
cdespinosa 和 irsk 已经向您展示了您的实际问题,所以让我看一下您的 GDB 记录:
您已将
digest
打印为 C 字符串。你可以在这里看到这个字符串是原始字节;因此,所有八进制转义符(例如\020
、\225
)和几个标点符号(/
和^)。它不是您期望的可打印 ASCII 十六进制表示形式。你很幸运,里面没有零字节;否则,您将不会打印整个哈希值。
final
是nil
。这是有道理的,因为上面的字符串不是有效的 UTF-8;同样,这只是原始数据字节。stringWithUTF8String:
需要UTF-8编码的文本字符串;你没有给它一个,所以它返回nil
。为了传递原始数据,您可以使用 NSData。在这种情况下,我认为您需要十六进制表示形式,因此您需要按照 irsk 向您展示的方式自行创建。
最后,考虑一下您的输入没有哈希为有效的 UTF-8 字符串是多么幸运。如果有的话,您就不会注意到这个问题。您可能希望使用此输入构建此哈希方法的单元测试。
您的程序在
objc_msgSend
中崩溃(具体问题:“访问错误”、“地址无效”)。这是因为digest
要么根本不是 Cocoa/CF 对象,要么曾经是一个但已被释放。在本例中,这是因为digest
不是 Cocoa 对象;它是一个 C 字节数组,如上面的pdigest
行所示。请记住,Objective-C 是 C 的超集。所有 C 都在其中保持不变。这意味着 C 数组(例如,
char []
)和 Cocoa 的 NSArray 并排存在。此外,由于 NSArray 来自 Cocoa 框架,而不是 Objective-C 语言,因此无法使 NSArray 对象与 C 数组互换:您不能在 Cocoa 数组上使用下标运算符,也不能发送 Objective-发送至 C 数组的 C 消息。cdespinosa and irsk have already shown you your actual problem, so let me go through your GDB transcript:
You've printed
digest
as a C string. You can see here that this string is raw bytes; hence all the octal escapes (e.g.,\020
,\225
) and the couple of punctuation characters (/
and^
). It is not the printable ASCII hexadecimal representation you were expecting. You're lucky that there were no zero bytes in it; otherwise, you would not have printed the entire hash.final
isnil
. This makes sense, as your string above isn't valid UTF-8; again, it's just raw data bytes.stringWithUTF8String:
requires a UTF-8-encoded text string; you didn't give it one, so it returnednil
.For passing raw data around, you'd use NSData. In this case, I think you want the hex representation, so you'll need to create that yourself the way irsk showed you.
Finally, consider how lucky you are that your input didn't hash to a valid UTF-8 string. If it had, you wouldn't have noticed this problem. You may want to construct a unit test for this hash method with this input.
Your program crashed (specific problem: “bad access”, “invalid address”) in
objc_msgSend
. This is becausedigest
either is not a Cocoa/CF object at all or was one but was freed. In this case, it's becausedigest
is not a Cocoa object; it is a C array of bytes, as shown by yourp digest
line above.Remember, Objective-C is a superset of C. All of C exists unchanged in it. That means there are C arrays (e.g.,
char []
) and Cocoa's NSArrays side by side. Moreover, since NSArray comes from the Cocoa framework, not the Objective-C language, there's no way to make NSArray objects interchangeable with C arrays: You can't use the subscript operator on Cocoa arrays, and you can't send Objective-C messages to C arrays.Facebook 使用此
Or 实例方法
Facebook uses this
Or instance method
我用过这个方法:
NSString+MD5.h
NSString+MD5.m
用法:
I had used this method:
NSString+MD5.h
NSString+MD5.m
Usage:
我相信摘要是指向原始二进制哈希的指针。在下一行中,您尝试将其解释为 UTF-8 字符串,但它很可能不包含合法的 UTF-8 编码字符序列。
我希望您想要的是使用您认为合适的任何算法将 unsigned char 的 16 字节静态数组转换为 32 个 ASCII 十六进制字符 [0-9a-f]。
I believe that digest is a pointer to a raw binary hash. In the next line you're attempting to interpret it as a UTF-8 string, but it is most likely not to contain legal UTF-8-encoded character sequences.
I expect what you want is to convert the 16-byte static array of unsigned char into 32 ASCII hexadecimal characters [0-9a-f] using whatever algorithm you see fit.
MD5函数不返回C字符串,它返回指向某些字节的指针。你不能把它当作一个字符串。
如果要创建字符串,则需要使用这些字节的十六进制值构建字符串。这是将其作为 NSData 类别的一种方法:
The MD5 function does not return a C string, it returns a pointer to some bytes. You can't treat it as a string.
If you want to create a string, you need to build a string using the hex values of those bytes. Here is one way to do it as a category on NSData:
这些答案是正确的,但令人困惑。我发布了一个工作示例,因为我对大多数其他答案都有疑问。该代码经过测试,适用于 Mac OS X 10.12.x 和 iOS 10.1.x。
YourClass.h
YourClass.m
用法(例如在其他类中):
SomeOtherClass.h
SomeOtherClass.m
These answers are correct but confusing. I post a working sample, since I had issues with most other answers. The code is tested and works well for Mac OS X 10.12.x and iOS 10.1.x.
YourClass.h
YourClass.m
Usage (e.g. in some other class):
SomeOtherClass.h
SomeOtherClass.m
如何使用
How to use