什么是 CVS“pserver”?模式?
有人能准确地告诉我关于 CVS 的“pserver”模式是什么吗? “pserver”这个术语经常被使用,但我还没有找到它到底是什么的解释。如果“pserver”是一种特殊模式,那么我假设也有一个默认模式。如果是这样,两者有什么区别?
Could someone tell me exactly what the "pserver" mode is, in regards to CVS? The term "pserver" is used frequently, but I've yet to find an explanation of what it actually is. If "pserver" is a special mode, then I assume there is a default mode as well. If so, what is the difference between the two?
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pserver
是一种提供对 CVS 存储库的远程访问的方法。基本上,您将cvs
作为侦听端口 2401 的服务器运行。“默认”模式是本地访问,其中开发人员在托管 CVS 存储库的系统上拥有一个帐户,并直接访问其目录和文件。因此,对于本地存储库
CVSROOT
只是目录:不过,如果您愿意,您可以明确声明这是一个
本地
存储库:对于
pserver
> 我们必须指定更多连接、运行存储库的主机、我们的用户名以及该主机上存储库的路径:远程访问 CVS 存储库的更好模式是
ext
可用于通过 SSH 访问存储库。pserver
is a method for giving remote access to CVS repository. Basically you runcvs
as a server listening on port 2401.The "default" mode would be local access, where a developer has an account on the system hosting the CVS repository and accesses its directory and files directly. So for a local repository
CVSROOT
would just be directory:Although, if you like you can explicitly state this this is a
local
respository:For a
pserver
connection we have to specify some more, the host the repository is running on, our username, and the path to the repo on that host:A better mode for remote access for a CVS repository would be
ext
which can used to access a repository via SSH.这是一种不安全的远程访问 CVS 存储库的方式,而这种方式非常适合匿名访问。
It's an insecure way to remotely access a CVS repository that's great for anonymous access.
cvs 作为服务器运行。
如今在典型的 Linux 上(也可能在 unices 上)这意味着它存在于文件中
inetd.conf。
现在有最重要的 CVSROOT,这是一个用于存储 cvs 存档的目录
例如,
由于客户端-服务器架构,该 CVSROOT 可以位于不同的位置
计算机,并且您需要在该计算机上有一个帐户才能访问它:系统
会提示您输入用户名和密码,对于 :albert@sparc: 仅适用于
密码。这你可能已经知道了。
在实际情况下(例如使用专用的 cvs 服务器),您不需要用户帐户
用于可以访问 cvs 文件的服务器。您希望 cvs 文件归用户 cvs 所有
(可能具有严格的权限)并且没有用户在您的服务器上运行 shell。管理 cvs-users 的人可能比服务器的系统管理员知识渊博且不太受信任。
pserver 也是一项服务,存在于 cvs-server 的 inetd.conf 中。它拦截通信
到 cvs 并始终以 cvs 用户身份运行(或者您在 inetd.conf 中指定的用户)。
然后它使用单独的 passwd 文件进行身份验证。如果您设法使用此文件中的用户名和密码登录,pserver 会注意您的 cvs 命令是使用 cvs 用户的权限执行的。
cvs runs as a server.
Nowadays on a typical linux (probably on unices too) that means it is present in the file
inetd.conf.
Now there is the all important CVSROOT, that is a directory used to store cvs archives
e.g.
Because of the client-server architecture this CVSROOT can be situated at a different
machine and you need to have an account on that machine to access it:
You're prompted for a user name and a password, for :albert@sparc: only for a
password. This you probably already know.
In practical situation (like with a dedicated cvs-server) you don't want user accounts
for the server with access to cvs-files. You want the cvs files owned by a user cvs
(maybe with tight privileges) and no users running shells on your servers. The person who administrates cvs-users is probably less knowledgeable and less trusted than the system-administrator of the server.
A pserver is also a service, present in the inetd.conf of the cvs-server. It intercepts the communication
to cvs and always runs as the cvs user (or what you've told in the inetd.conf).
Then it does an authenciation using a separate passwd file. If you manage to log in with a username and password from this file, pserver takes care that your cvs commands are executed using the privileges of the cvs user.