如何在Python的xml.dom.minidom中设置元素的id?

发布于 2024-08-16 02:20:45 字数 680 浏览 6 评论 0原文

怎样做?创建了一个文档和一个元素:

import xml.dom.minidom as d
a=d.Document()
b=a.createElement('test')

setIdAttribute 不起作用:(

b.setIdAttribute('something')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/xml/dom/minidom.py", line 835, in setIdAttribute
    self.setIdAttributeNode(idAttr)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/xml/dom/minidom.py", line 843, in setIdAttributeNode
    raise xml.dom.NotFoundErr()
xml.dom.NotFoundErr

如果我手动设置它, getElementById 找不到它。

b.setAttribute('id', 'something')
a.getElementById('something')

我必须做什么?

How to? Created a document and an element:

import xml.dom.minidom as d
a=d.Document()
b=a.createElement('test')

setIdAttribute doesn't work :(

b.setIdAttribute('something')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/xml/dom/minidom.py", line 835, in setIdAttribute
    self.setIdAttributeNode(idAttr)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/xml/dom/minidom.py", line 843, in setIdAttributeNode
    raise xml.dom.NotFoundErr()
xml.dom.NotFoundErr

And if I set this by hand, getElementById can't find it.

b.setAttribute('id', 'something')
a.getElementById('something')

What I have to do?

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评论(3

哭了丶谁疼 2024-08-23 02:20:45

这里有两件事是错误的。

  1. Document.getElementById 只会查找文档中实际存在的元素。在这里,您创建了 b 但实际上并未将其添加到文档中。 (这在 JavaScript 中是完全相同的。)

  2. 您必须使用 setIdAttributeid 标记为 ID 属性。 (在 JavaScript 中不需要这样做,因为在 HTML 文档中,名为 id 的属性会自动被视为 ID 属性,这在逻辑上是足够的。但是 XML 不会自动处理名为 id 的属性id 作为 ID;您可以显式声明它们在您的 DTD 中,也可以为每个 ID 属性单独调用 setIdAttribute 我不确定 DTD 是否适用于 minidom。 ,这不是完整的 DOM 实现。)

就像这样:

import xml.dom.minidom as d
a = d.Document()
b = a.createElement('test')
a.appendChild(b)
b.setAttribute('id', 'x')
b.setIdAttribute('id')

之后,getElementById 工作:

>>> a.getElementById('x')
<DOM Element: test at 0xb77712ec>

Two things are wrong here.

  1. Document.getElementById will only find elements that are actually in the document. Here you've created b but not actually added it to the document. (It's exactly the same in JavaScript.)

  2. You have to mark id as an ID attribute using setIdAttribute. (There's no need to do this in JavaScript because in HTML documents, attributes named id are automatically considered to be ID attributes, logically enough. But XML does not automatically treat attributes named id as IDs; you can either explicitly declare that they are in your DTD or call setIdAttribute individually for every ID attribute. And I am not sure the DTD thing will work with minidom, which is not a full DOM implementation.)

Like so:

import xml.dom.minidom as d
a = d.Document()
b = a.createElement('test')
a.appendChild(b)
b.setAttribute('id', 'x')
b.setIdAttribute('id')

After that, getElementById works:

>>> a.getElementById('x')
<DOM Element: test at 0xb77712ec>
天邊彩虹 2024-08-23 02:20:45

将 id 属性的名称添加到 DTD 应该会有所帮助。例如,如果您希望每个元素都将 id 设置为所有

元素的 id 属性,则可以按如下方式设置 DTD:

< ;!DOCTYPE div []>

这是一个工作示例:

>>> from xml.dom.minidom import parse, parseString                              
>>> data='<!DOCTYPE div [<!ATTLIST div id ID #IMPLIED>]><div><div id="foo">FOO word</div><div id="bar">BAR word</div></div>'
>>> x=parseString(data)
>>> x.getElementById('foo')
<DOM Element: div at 0x1126440>
>>> x.getElementById('foo').toxml()
u'<div id="foo">FOO word</div>'

Adding the name of the id attribute to the DTD should help. For example, if you want every to set the id as the id attribute for all <div> elements, you can set up your DTD as follows:

<!DOCTYPE div [<!ATTLIST div id ID #IMPLIED>]>

This is a working example:

>>> from xml.dom.minidom import parse, parseString                              
>>> data='<!DOCTYPE div [<!ATTLIST div id ID #IMPLIED>]><div><div id="foo">FOO word</div><div id="bar">BAR word</div></div>'
>>> x=parseString(data)
>>> x.getElementById('foo')
<DOM Element: div at 0x1126440>
>>> x.getElementById('foo').toxml()
u'<div id="foo">FOO word</div>'
猫七 2024-08-23 02:20:45

有时,对文档中的每个元素执行此操作的最简单方法是解析完整的 DOM,如下所示:

import xml.dom.minidom as dom
xml = dom.parse("my_file.xml")

# Parse every element and set the ID attribute
for nodes in xml.getElementsByTagName("*"):
    nodes.setIdAttribute("id")

# Now this works (and it is efficient)
test = xml.getElementById("some_id")

Sometimes, the easiest way to do this for each element in the document is to parse the full DOM once like this :

import xml.dom.minidom as dom
xml = dom.parse("my_file.xml")

# Parse every element and set the ID attribute
for nodes in xml.getElementsByTagName("*"):
    nodes.setIdAttribute("id")

# Now this works (and it is efficient)
test = xml.getElementById("some_id")
~没有更多了~
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