应该IEquatable、IComparable在非密封类上实施?
任何人对于 IEquatable
或 IComparable
是否通常应要求 T
是密封
有任何意见code>(如果它是一个类
)?
因为我正在编写一组旨在帮助实现不可变类的基类,所以我想到了这个问题。基类旨在提供的部分功能是自动实现相等比较(使用类的字段以及可应用于字段来控制相等比较的属性)。当我完成时应该会很不错 - 我正在使用表达式树为每个 T
动态创建一个编译的比较函数,因此比较函数应该非常接近常规相等的性能比较功能。 (我使用以 System.Type 为键的不可变字典,并双重检查锁定以一种相当高性能的方式存储生成的比较函数)
不过,突然出现的一件事是要使用哪些函数检查成员字段的相等性。我最初的目的是检查每个成员字段的类型(我将其称为 X
)是否实现 IEquatable
。然而,经过一番思考,我认为除非 X
被 sealed
,否则使用起来不安全。原因是,如果 X
不是 sealed
,我无法确定 X
是否适当地将相等性检查委托给虚拟方法X
,从而允许子类型覆盖相等比较。
这就提出了一个更普遍的问题 - 如果类型没有密封,它真的应该实现这些接口吗?我认为不是,因为我认为接口契约是在两个 X
类型之间进行比较,而不是两个可能是也可能不是 X
的类型(尽管它们必须是当然是 X
或子类型)。
你们觉得怎么样?对于未密封的类,是否应该避免 IEquatable
和 IComparable
? (也让我想知道是否有一个 fxcop 规则)
我当前的想法是让我生成的比较函数仅在 T
为的成员字段上使用 IEquatable
sealed
,如果 T
未密封,则使用虚拟 Object.Equals(Object obj)
,即使 T
实现 IEquatable
,因为该字段可能会存储 T
的子类型,并且我怀疑 IEquatable
的大多数实现是否适合为遗产。
Anyone have any opinions on whether or not IEquatable<T>
or IComparable<T>
should generally require that T
is sealed
(if it's a class
)?
This question occurred to me since I'm writing a set of base classes intended to aid in the implementation of immutable classes. Part of the functionality which the base class is intended to provide is automatic implementation of equality comparisons (using the class's fields together with attributes which can be applied to fields to control equality comparisons). It should be pretty nice when I'm finished - I'm using expression trees to dynamically create a compiled comparison function for each T
, so the comparison function should be very close to the performance of a regular equality comparison function. (I'm using an immutable dictionary keyed on System.Type
and double check locking to store the generated comparison functions in a manner that's reasonably performant)
One thing that has cropped up though, is what functions to use to check equality of the member fields. My initial intention was to check if each member field's type (which I'll call X
) implements IEquatable<X>
. However, after some thought, I don't think this is safe to use unless X
is sealed
. The reason being that if X
is not sealed
, I can't know for sure if X
is appropriately delegating equality checks to a virtual method on X
, thereby allowing a subtype to override the equality comparison.
This then brings up a more general question - if a type is not sealed, should it really implement these interfaces AT ALL?? I would think not, since I would argue that the interfaces contract is to compare between two X
types, not two types which may or may not be X
(though they must of course be X
or a subtype).
What do you guys think? Should IEquatable<T>
and IComparable<T>
be avoided for unsealed classes? (Also makes me wonder if there is an fxcop rule for this)
My current thought is to have my generated comparison function only use IEquatable<T>
on member fields whose T
is sealed
, and instead to use the virtual Object.Equals(Object obj)
if T
is unsealed even if T
implements IEquatable<T>
, since the field could potentially store subtypes of T
and I doubt most implementations of IEquatable<T>
are designed appropriately for inheritance.
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我一直在思考这个问题,经过一番考虑后,我同意实现
IEquatable
和IComparable
只能在密封上完成类型。我来来回回想了一会儿,但后来我想到了下面的测试。在什么情况下以下内容应该返回 false?恕我直言,两个对象要么相等,要么不相等。
假设比较器具有等效类型,给定对象上的
IEquatable
结果应与Object.Equals
具有相同的行为。在对象层次结构中实现两次IEquatable
允许并暗示系统中有两种不同的方式来表达相等性。由于存在多个IEquatable
实现,因此很容易设计出任意数量的IEquatable
和Object.Equals
不同的场景,但是只有一个Object.Equals
。因此,上述操作将会失败,并在您的代码中造成一些混乱。有些人可能会认为,在对象层次结构的较高位置实现 IEquatable是有效的,因为您想要比较对象属性的子集。在这种情况下,您应该青睐专为比较这些属性而设计的
IEqualityComparer
。I've been thinking about this question for a bit and after a bit of consideration I agree that implementing
IEquatable<T>
andIComparable<T>
should only be done on sealed types.I went back and forth for a bit but then I thought of the following test. Under what circumstances should the following ever return false? IMHO, 2 objects are either equal or they are not.
The result of
IEquatable<T>
on a given object should have the same behavior asObject.Equals
assuming the comparer is of the equivalent type. ImplementingIEquatable<T>
twice in an object hierarchy allows for, and implies, there are 2 different ways of expressing equality in your system. It's easy to contrive any number of scenarios whereIEquatable<T>
andObject.Equals
would differ since there are multipleIEquatable<T>
implementations but only a singleObject.Equals
. Hence the above would fail and create a bit of confusion in your code.Some people may argue that implementing
IEquatable<T>
at a higher point in the object hierarchy is valid because you want to compare a subset of the objects properties. In that case you should favor anIEqualityComparer<T>
which is specifically designed to compare those properties.我通常建议不要实施 IEquatable在任何非密封类上,或在大多数类上实现非泛型 IComparable,但对于 IComparable却不能说同样的情况。原因有两个:
可继承类中非泛型 IComparable 的实现可能比 IComparable的实现更值得怀疑。如果不希望任何子类需要其他排序,那么最好的办法可能是允许基类实现它,但对于子类来说,不要重新实现或覆盖父类的实现。
I would generally recommend against implementing IEquatable<T> on any non-sealed class, or implementing non-generic IComparable on most, but the same cannot be said for IComparable<T>. Two reasons:
Implementation of non-generic IComparable in inheritable classes is perhaps more questionable than implementation of IComparable<T>. Probably the best thing to do is allow a base-class to implement it if it's not expected that any child class will need some other ordering, but for child classes not to reimplement or override parent-class implementations.
我见过的大多数
Equals
实现都会检查正在比较的对象的类型,如果它们不相同,则该方法返回 false。这巧妙地避免了子类型与其父类型进行比较的问题,从而无需密封类。
一个明显的例子是尝试将 2D 点 (A) 与 3D 点 (B) 进行比较:对于 2D,3D 点的 x 和 y 值可能相等,但对于 3D 点,z 值将很可能会有所不同。
这意味着
A == B
将为 true,但B == A
将为 false。大多数人喜欢 Equals 运算符是可交换的,在这种情况下检查类型显然是一个好主意。但是,如果您进行子类化并且不添加任何新属性怎么办?嗯,这个问题有点难回答,可能取决于你的情况。
Most
Equals
implementations I've seen check the types of the objects being compared, if they aren't the same then the method returns false.This neatly avoids the problem of a sub-type being compared against it's parent type, thereby negating the need for sealing a class.
An obvious example of this would be trying to compare a 2D point (A) with a 3D point (B): for a 2D the x and y values of a 3D point might be equal, but for a 3D point, the z value will most likely be different.
This means that
A == B
would be true, butB == A
would be false. Most people like theEquals
operators to be commutative, to checking types is clearly a good idea in this case.But what if you subclass and you don't add any new properties? Well, that's a bit harder to answer, and possibly depends on your situation.
我今天在阅读时偶然发现了这个话题,因为它很可能会以错误的方式完成。
https://blog.mischel.com /2013/01/05/继承与可等同的-不要混合/
我同意,有理由不实现 IEquatable
然而,在阅读链接的文章后,我测试了自己的实现,我在各种非密封的继承类上使用了它,我发现它工作正常。
在实现
IEquatable
时,我参考了这篇文章:http://www.loganfranken.com/blog /687/overriding-equals-in-c-part-1/
它很好地解释了在
Equals()
中使用哪些代码。但它没有解决继承问题,所以我自己调整了它。这是结果。并回答原来的问题:
我并不是说它应该在非密封类上实现,但我说它绝对可以毫无问题地实现。
测试:
I have stumbled over this topic today when reading
https://blog.mischel.com/2013/01/05/inheritance-and-iequatable-do-not-mix/
and I agree, that there are reasons not to implement
IEquatable<T>
, because chances exist that it will be done in a wrong way.However, after reading the linked article I tested my own implementation which I use on various non-sealed, inherited classes, and I found that it's working correctly.
When implementing
IEquatable<T>
, I referred to this article:http://www.loganfranken.com/blog/687/overriding-equals-in-c-part-1/
It gives a pretty good explanation what code to use in
Equals()
. It does not address inheritance though, so I tuned it myself. Here's the result.And to answer the original question:
I don't say that it should be implemented on non-sealed classes, but I say that it definitely could be implemented without problems.
Test: