SQL 中标记系统的布尔表达式

Question

为标记系统提供此 SQL 表：

CREATE TABLE tags (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100)
);
CREATE INDEX tags_name_idx ON tags(name);

CREATE TABLE tagged_items (
    tag_id INT,
    item_id INT
);
CREATE INDEX tagged_items_tag_id_idx ON tagged_items(tag_id);
CREATE INDEX tagged_items_item_id_idx ON tagged_items(item_id);

CREATE TABLE items (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    content VARCHAR(255)
);

SQL 中用户的布尔表达式查询“tag1 AND tag2”是：

SELECT items.* FROM items
    INNER JOIN tagged_items AS i1 ON (items.id = i1.item_id) INNER JOIN tags AS t1 ON (i1.tag_id = t1.id)
    INNER JOIN tagged_items AS i2 ON (items.id = i2.item_id) INNER JOIN tags AS t2 ON (i2.tag_id = t2.id)
WHERE t1.name = 'tag1' AND t2.name = 'tag2';

如何使用布尔表达式翻译其他查询，例如“tag1 OR tag2 AND” tag3”...或更复杂的查询，例如 SQL 的“tag1 AND (tag2 OR tag3) AND NOT tag4 OR tag5”？

Answer 1

假设数据->项目、单词 ->名称和 tagged_item -> tagged_items。

这适用于“tag1 AND (tag2 OR tag3) AND NOT tag4 OR tag5”。我相信你能弄清楚剩下的事情。

SELECT items.* FROM items
    LEFT JOIN (SELECT i1.item_id FROM tagged_items AS i1 INNER JOIN tags AS t1 ON i1.tag_id = t1.id AND t1.name = 'tag1') AS ti1 ON items.id = ti1.item_id
    LEFT JOIN (SELECT i2.item_id FROM tagged_items AS i2 INNER JOIN tags AS t2 ON i2.tag_id = t2.id AND t2.name = 'tag2') AS ti2 ON items.id = ti2.item_id
    LEFT JOIN (SELECT i3.item_id FROM tagged_items AS i3 INNER JOIN tags AS t3 ON i3.tag_id = t3.id AND t3.name = 'tag3') AS ti3 ON items.id = ti3.item_id
    LEFT JOIN (SELECT i4.item_id FROM tagged_items AS i4 INNER JOIN tags AS t4 ON i4.tag_id = t4.id AND t4.name = 'tag4') AS ti4 ON items.id = ti4.item_id
    LEFT JOIN (SELECT i5.item_id FROM tagged_items AS i5 INNER JOIN tags AS t5 ON i5.tag_id = t5.id AND t5.name = 'tag5') AS ti5 ON items.id = ti5.item_id
WHERE ti1.item_id IS NOT NULL AND (ti2.item_id IS NOT NULL OR ti3.item_id IS NOT NULL) AND ti4.item_id IS NULL OR ti5.item_id IS NOT NULL;

编辑：
如果您想避免子查询，您可以这样做：

SELECT items.* FROM items 
    LEFT JOIN tagged_items AS i1 ON items.id = i1.item_id LEFT JOIN tags AS t1 ON i1.tag_id = t1.id AND t1.name = 'tag1'
    ...
WHERE t1.item_id IS NOT NULL ...

我不确定您为什么要这样做，因为额外的左连接可能会导致运行速度变慢。