分析网站的用户体验、可用性和可访问性有哪些方法？
我是一名刚毕业的学生，正在寻找一份做用户体验的工作。下周，我将进行一次技术面试，在面试中我将获得一个网站，并且必须讨论其可用性问题以及提出改善用户体验的方法。我觉得我有天生的技能来做到这一点，并且已经对这个主题进行了大量的阅读，但我想获得一些关于如何有效批评不同类型网站的进一步建议。
有没有人对我应该注意的常见错误有任何建议，或者对构建我的评估的方式提出建议，以便它相对无懈可击并且我不会错过任何明显？
正如我之前所说，我已经进行了大量阅读，并且我意识到熟能生巧。然而，我希望那些在这方面有长期经验的人能够帮助我，传授他们关于陷阱、常见问题以及在好/坏网站中应注意的事项的智慧。
提前致谢！
I'm a recent graduate who is looking to get a job doing user experience. Next week, I have a technical interview in which I will be given a website and will have to talk about its usability issues as well as come up with ways of improving the user experience. I feel I have the natural skills to do this and have been doing a fair amount of reading into the subject, but I would like some further advice on how to effectively critique different kinds of websites.
Does anybody have any suggestions of common faults I should look out for, or advice on ways of structuring my evaluation in order that it is relatively air-tight and I do not miss anything obvious?
As I've said before, I'm already doing a lot of reading and I realize that practice makes perfect. However, I'm hopeful that those that have long-term experience with this can help me by imparting their wisdom on gotchas, common issues, and what to look out for in a good/bad website.
Thanks in advance!
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导航有多容易
用户是否可以在不借助“搜索”功能的情况下轻松找到他需要的内容。边缘情况：用户是否可以在不使用浏览器的搜索功能（Ctrl+F）的情况下找到搜索输入字段？
在关闭图像的情况下是否可以浏览网站
在
完成某项操作需要点击多少次。这么多真的有必要吗？
最重要/最常用的功能是否就在用户面前？
是否使用极客语言与用户交流
是否用长篇文学文本（一两个词就足够了）让用户不知所措
您是否在 UI 中使用标准的想法。按钮、链接和菜单看起来像按钮、链接和菜单吗？它们也是这样工作的吗？
UI 是否由一组有限的控件组成，且具有一致的外观和行为？或者每个页面都是唯一的并且必须从头开始学习？
UI 是否主要使用 2-3 种颜色来完成，或者到处使用不同的颜色来看起来很酷
另请检查以下问题：
您用过的最糟糕的用户界面
常见的 UI 误解和烦恼是什么？
为什么良好的 UI 设计对于某些开发人员来说如此困难？
您用过的最好的用户界面是什么？
How easy navigation is
Whether a user can easily find what he needs without resorting to "search" function. Edge case: whether a user can find the search input field without using the browser's search function (Ctrl+F)?
Whether a site is browsable with images turned off
How many clicks it takes to accomplish an operation. Is that many really necessary?
Are the most important / frequently used features right there in front of the user?
Whether you communicate with the user in geek language
Whether you overwhelm the user with long literary texts where one or two words will suffice
Whether you use standard ideas in your UI. Do buttons, links and menus look like buttons, links and menus? Do they also work that way?
If UI is made up of a limited set of controls with consistent look and behavior? Or each page is unique and has to be learned from scratch?
Whether UI is accomplished with mostly 2-3 colors or uses different colors everywhere to look cool
Also check out the following questions:
Worst UI You’ve Ever Used
What are common UI misconceptions and annoyances?
Why is good UI design so hard for some Developers?
What is the best UI you’ve ever used?
由于其他答案已经讨论了一些关于可用性的问题，我将提到一些有关可访问性的事情（尽管良好的可访问性和可用性是齐头并进的）。
首先，您需要确保可用性正确 - 可用性较差的网站几乎肯定也具有较差的可访问性。确保它有意义，易于导航并且结构有意义 - 为了获得良好的可访问性，需要在标记和视觉上反映出来（因此正确使用标题，使用（strong）而不是（b）old等内容）。 自动化工具可以为此提供一些有限的帮助。
其次，确保使用各种可用的标记，这将增强可用性（例如图像上的 alt 标签）。自动化工具非常适合这一点。
接下来，如果您要使用 JavaScript 等技术，请尝试使用渐进增强，以便没有这些技术可用的用户仍然可以获得可行的体验。自动化工具对此没有多大帮助。
最后，不要误以为一个可访问的网站是一个沉闷无趣、毫无特色的网站——每一个有视觉困难的用户都会有更多的用户有阅读障碍等认知困难。目的是让每个人都参与其中，而不是削弱少数用户的能力（如果你开始削减内容，他们也可能会受到惩罚 - 例如 YouTube 是盲人用户最受欢迎的网站之一）。
As the other answers have talked a bit about usability I'll mention some things about accessibility (although good accessibility and usability go hand-in-hand).
First of all you need to get the usability correct - a site with poor usability will straight away mean that it will almost certainly also have poor accessibility. Make sure it makes sense, is easy to navigate and is structured meaningfully - for good accessibility that needs to be reflected in the markup as well as visually (so use headings correctly, use things like (strong) instead of (b)old, etc). Automated tools can provide some limited help with this.
Secondly make sure you use the various pieces of markup that are available which will enhance usability (e.g. alt tags on images). Automated tools are excellent for this.
Next if you're going to use technologies like javascript try to use progressive enhancement so that users without those technologies available still have a workable experience. Automated tools won't help much with this.
Finally don't get lured into thinking that an accessible website is a dull boring featureless one - for every user with visual difficulties there will be many more who have cognitive difficulties such as dyslexia. The aim is to make it engaging for everyone, not cripple it for a minority of users (who will likely also be penalised if you start slashing content - for example youtube is one of the most popular sites for blind users).
我的思考过程：
看看有什么不同。我的意思是问自己，“这里的这个按钮是否也在 youtube/google/basecamp/任何已被证明足够好的地方以这种方式完成”。
如果情况并非如此，我会问自己“以不同的方式做有意义吗？”。如果没有意义，那么就不应该这样做，以避免让用户感到困惑。
如果有意义，我会问自己“如果不明显，用户的学习曲线是什么？”，始终牢记“用户”不是 IT。
然后我会看看是否可以改进它。如果我不能，也许你就无法改进它，所以即使控制不完美也足够好了。
最后问自己“网站希望用户做什么？”。是买东西吗？订阅？这一切都是为了弄清楚目标是什么。然后看看该网站是否旨在实现这一目标。
My thinking process :
See what's different. I mean ask yourself, "is this button here also done that way on youtube/google/basecamp/whatever has been proven good enought".
If it's not the case, I ask myself "does it make sense to do it differently?". If it doesn't make sense, then it shouldn't be that way to avoid confusing the user.
If it makes sense, I ask myself "If it's not obvious, what's the learning curve for the user?", always keeping in mind that "the user" is not IT.
Then I'd see if I can improve it. If I can't, maybe you can't improve it, so even if the control is not perfect it's good enough.
Finally ask yourself "what does the website wants the user to do?". Is it buying something? Subscribing? It's all about figuring out what's the objective. Then see if the website is oriented toward something aiming to complete this objective.
除了关于可用性问题的实际想法之外，您可能还想考虑使用什么样的流程来完成这项工作（以及它将如何适应公司的开发流程）。你会从研究开始吗？您将如何呈现您的分析和反馈？
As well as practical ideas about usability problems, you might want to think what kind of process you'd use to do this work (and how it would fit into the company's development process). Would you start out with research? How would you present your analysis and feedback?