LaTeX 中的冰岛语、utf8 和 utf8x
首先，utf8和utf8x在
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
LaTeX中使用时有什么区别？
其次，使用 LaTeX 写冰岛文文章需要哪些软件包？我发现：
\usepackage[icelandic]{babel}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
经过一番尝试后，我感觉代码的某些部分可能是多余的。即使使用上述软件包，
\begin{lstlisting}
...
\end{lstlisting}
在 Ubuntu 中通过 pdflatex 输出时，内部代码也不会用冰岛语字符呈现，尽管它可以在我朋友的计算机（运行 Debian）上运行。缺少什么？
First of all, what's the difference between utf8 and utf8x in
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
when used in LaTeX?
Secondly, what packages are required when writing an article in Icelandic using LaTeX? I found:
\usepackage[icelandic]{babel}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
after experimenting a bit but I have a feeling some part of the code may be redundant. And even with them the aforementioned packages, the code inside
\begin{lstlisting}
...
\end{lstlisting}
isn't rendered with Icelandic characters when outputted through pdflatex in Ubuntu, although it works on my friend's computer (who's running Debian). What's missing?
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[UTF8]受到 LaTeX 团队的“支持”，涵盖了相当具体/有限的 unicode 输入字符范围。它仅定义那些已知可用于当前字体编码的符号。[UTF8x]，据我所知，不再受支持，但涵盖了更广泛的输入符号。我建议仅在[UTF8]不能满足您的需要时尝试它。其次，listings 包（以及大多数其他进行字符扫描的相关包）不支持 UTF8 输入。 （如果它在朋友的机器上运行，他们必须使用 8 位输入编码。）
listingsutf8包为\lstinputlisting提供了 UTF8 兼容的替代品，但不为主要的lstlisting环境。不过，使用 XeLaTeX 可能会对您有所帮助。[UTF8]is "supported" by the LaTeX team and covers a fairly specific/limited range of unicode input characters. It only defines those symbols that are known to be available with the current font encoding.[UTF8x], AFAIK, is no longer supported, but covers a much broader range of input symbols. I would recommend only trying it if[UTF8]doesn't do what you need.Secondly, the listings package (and most other related packages that do character scanning) does not support UTF8 input. (If it's working on a friend's machine they must be using an 8-bit input encoding instead.) The
listingsutf8package provides a UTF8-compatible replacement for\lstinputlistingbut not for the mainlstlistingenvironment. Using XeLaTeX might help you here, however.