在 befriended 类中声明的friend函数,GCC无法编译
我有以下代码:
文件:Foo.h
class Foo {
friend void Bar();
};
文件:Foo.cpp
void Bar() {};
文件 Test.cpp
#include "Foo.h"
int main(void) {
Bar();
return 0;
}
VS2008 编译此代码,没有任何错误或警告。 G++ 4.3.4 报告:
test.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
test.cpp:8: error: ‘Bar’ was not declared in this scope
为什么?
I've got following code:
File: Foo.h
class Foo {
friend void Bar();
};
File: Foo.cpp
void Bar() {};
File Test.cpp
#include "Foo.h"
int main(void) {
Bar();
return 0;
}
VS2008 compiles this without any error or warning. G++ 4.3.4 reports:
test.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
test.cpp:8: error: ‘Bar’ was not declared in this scope
Why?
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我在“未回答”部分找到了这个问题,但是对之前错误答案的评论确实构成了正确答案。因此,这里是包含该内容的社区 wiki 响应。
摘要:GCC 似乎正在拒绝好的代码。
11.4.5 涵盖了在类内部定义(不仅仅是声明)友元函数的情况(“当且仅当该类是非局部类时,函数可以在类的友元声明中定义,函数名称是不合格的,并且该函数具有命名空间范围”——您的示例满足这些要求)。我想该标准确实允许在类内声明(“原型”)友元函数。这是 g++ 生成的错误让我烦恼。 – liori 11 月 22 日 20:35
另外 11.4.3:“在友元声明中首先声明的函数具有外部链接 (3.5)。否则,该函数将保留其先前的链接 (7.1.1)。”我认为这就能达成交易。 – Potatoswatter 0 秒前 [删除此评论]
I found this question in the "unanswered" section, but the comments to the previous incorrect answer do constitute a correct answer. Therefore here is a community wiki response with that content.
Summary: GCC appears to be rejecting good code.
case when a friend function is defined (not only declared) inside class is covered by 11.4.5 ("A function can be defined in a friend declaration of a class if and only if the class is a non-local class, the function name is unqualified, and the function has namespace scope" -- your example fulfils these requirements). I guess that standard does allow declaration ("prototype") of a friend function inside class. It is the error g++ is generating which bothers me. – liori Nov 22 at 20:35
Also 11.4.3: "A function first declared in a friend declaration has external linkage (3.5). Otherwise, the function retains its previous linkage (7.1.1)." I think that seals the deal. – Potatoswatter 0 secs ago [delete this comment]
friend
声明不算作原型。您还需要一个单独的原型:A
friend
declaration doesn't count as a prototype. You also need to need a separate prototype:你们对标准的了解很摇滚,这是事实。但标准就是标准,和标准的实施是完全不同的事情。我猜你们一直只使用一个编译器,比如 MSVC,它似乎遵循标准。虽然还有大量其他编译器。
对于我和我 5 年的 C/C++ 经验来说,很明显 Test.cpp 没有看到 Bar,因为它只包含没有 Bar 声明的 Foo.h。
我给 John Kugelman +1,因为他的回答解决了所提出的问题。而且它不会利用标准知识发送垃圾邮件。
You guys rock with knowledge of the standard, that's true. But standard is standard, and implementation of the standard is completely different thing. I guess you guys are using just a single compiler all the time, like MSVC, that seems to follow the standard. While there are tons of other compilers out there.
For me and my humble 5 years experience with C/C++ this is obvious that the Test.cpp does not see the Bar, because it includes just Foo.h that does not have a declaration of Bar.
I gave John Kugelman +1 because his answer resolves the question asked. And it does not spam with knowlendge of standards.