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在单个图中绘制 4 条曲线，具有 3 个 y 轴

发布于 2024-08-11 09:09:03 字数 227 浏览 0 评论 0原文

我有 4 组值：y1、y2、y3、y4 和一组 x< /代码>。 y 值具有不同的范围，我需要将它们绘制为单独的曲线，并在 y 轴上具有单独的值集。

简单来说，我需要 3 个具有不同值（比例）的 y 轴来在同一个图形上绘制。

任何帮助或有关在哪里查找的提示表示赞赏。

原文

I have 4 sets of values: y1, y2, y3, y4 and one set x. The y values are of different ranges, and I need to plot them as separate curves with separate sets of values on the y-axis.

To put it simple, I need 3 y-axes with different values (scales) for plotting on the same figure.

Any help appreciated, or tips on where to look.

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仅冇旳回忆 2024-08-18 09:09:03

这是向您介绍文件交换的绝佳机会。尽管该组织最近已经虽然遭受了一些非常不幸的界面设计选择，但它仍然是针对常见问题的预打包解决方案的重要资源。尽管这里的许多人已经为您提供了如何实现这一目标的详细细节（@prm！），但几年前我也有类似的需求，并发现 addaxis 效果很好。 （它曾一度成为本周文件交换精选！）它激发了稍后，可能会有更好的模组。以下是一些示例输出：

addaxis 示例
（来源：mathworks.com）

我刚刚在 文件交换中搜索了“plotyy”。

虽然了解发生了什么重要的是，有时你只需要完成事情，而不是自己做。 Matlab Central 非常适合这一点。

This is a great chance to introduce you to the File Exchange. Though the organization of late has suffered from some very unfortunately interface design choices, it is still a great resource for pre-packaged solutions to common problems. Though many here have given you the gory details of how to achieve this (@prm!), I had a similar need a few years ago and found that addaxis worked very well. (It was a File Exchange pick of the week at one point!) It has inspired later, probably better mods. Here is some example output:

addaxis example
(source: mathworks.com)

I just searched for "plotyy" at File Exchange.

Though understanding what's going on in important, sometimes you just need to get things done, not do them yourself. Matlab Central is great for that.

回复 原文
因为看清所以看轻 2024-08-18 09:09:03

您可以尝试的一种可能性是创建 3 个轴，一个叠放在另一个的顶部，并将前两个轴的 'Color' 属性设置为 'none'，以便所有轴情节是可见的。您必须调整轴宽度、位置和 x 轴限制，以便 3 个 y 轴并排而不是彼此重叠。您还需要删除其中 2 个轴的 x 轴刻度线和标签，因为它们将彼此叠置。

这是一个通用实现，它计算轴的正确位置和 x 轴限制的偏移量，以保持绘图正确对齐：

%# Some sample data:
x = 0:20;
N = numel(x);
y1 = rand(1,N);
y2 = 5.*rand(1,N)+5;
y3 = 50.*rand(1,N)-50;

%# Some initial computations:
axesPosition = [110 40 200 200];  %# Axes position, in pixels
yWidth = 30;                      %# y axes spacing, in pixels
xLimit = [min(x) max(x)];         %# Range of x values
xOffset = -yWidth*diff(xLimit)/axesPosition(3);

%# Create the figure and axes:
figure('Units','pixels','Position',[200 200 330 260]);
h1 = axes('Units','pixels','Position',axesPosition,...
          'Color','w','XColor','k','YColor','r',...
          'XLim',xLimit,'YLim',[0 1],'NextPlot','add');
h2 = axes('Units','pixels','Position',axesPosition+yWidth.*[-1 0 1 0],...
          'Color','none','XColor','k','YColor','m',...
          'XLim',xLimit+[xOffset 0],'YLim',[0 10],...
          'XTick',[],'XTickLabel',[],'NextPlot','add');
h3 = axes('Units','pixels','Position',axesPosition+yWidth.*[-2 0 2 0],...
          'Color','none','XColor','k','YColor','b',...
          'XLim',xLimit+[2*xOffset 0],'YLim',[-50 50],...
          'XTick',[],'XTickLabel',[],'NextPlot','add');
xlabel(h1,'time');
ylabel(h3,'values');

%# Plot the data:
plot(h1,x,y1,'r');
plot(h2,x,y2,'m');
plot(h3,x,y3,'b');

这是结果图：

在此处输入图像描述

One possibility you can try is to create 3 axes stacked one on top of the other with the 'Color' properties of the top two set to 'none' so that all the plots are visible. You would have to adjust the axes width, position, and x-axis limits so that the 3 y axes are side-by-side instead of on top of one another. You would also want to remove the x-axis tick marks and labels from 2 of the axes since they will lie on top of one another.

Here's a general implementation that computes the proper positions for the axes and offsets for the x-axis limits to keep the plots lined up properly:

%# Some sample data:
x = 0:20;
N = numel(x);
y1 = rand(1,N);
y2 = 5.*rand(1,N)+5;
y3 = 50.*rand(1,N)-50;

%# Some initial computations:
axesPosition = [110 40 200 200];  %# Axes position, in pixels
yWidth = 30;                      %# y axes spacing, in pixels
xLimit = [min(x) max(x)];         %# Range of x values
xOffset = -yWidth*diff(xLimit)/axesPosition(3);

%# Create the figure and axes:
figure('Units','pixels','Position',[200 200 330 260]);
h1 = axes('Units','pixels','Position',axesPosition,...
          'Color','w','XColor','k','YColor','r',...
          'XLim',xLimit,'YLim',[0 1],'NextPlot','add');
h2 = axes('Units','pixels','Position',axesPosition+yWidth.*[-1 0 1 0],...
          'Color','none','XColor','k','YColor','m',...
          'XLim',xLimit+[xOffset 0],'YLim',[0 10],...
          'XTick',[],'XTickLabel',[],'NextPlot','add');
h3 = axes('Units','pixels','Position',axesPosition+yWidth.*[-2 0 2 0],...
          'Color','none','XColor','k','YColor','b',...
          'XLim',xLimit+[2*xOffset 0],'YLim',[-50 50],...
          'XTick',[],'XTickLabel',[],'NextPlot','add');
xlabel(h1,'time');
ylabel(h3,'values');

%# Plot the data:
plot(h1,x,y1,'r');
plot(h2,x,y2,'m');
plot(h3,x,y3,'b');

and here's the resulting figure:

enter image description here

回复 原文
长伴 2024-08-18 09:09:03

我知道 plotyy 可以让你有两个y 轴，但没有“plotyyy”！

也许您可以将 y 值标准化为具有相同的比例（最小/最大标准化、zscore 标准化等），然后您可以使用正常的绘图、保持序列轻松绘制它们。

这是一个示例：

%# random data
x=1:20;
y = [randn(20,1)*1 + 0 , randn(20,1)*5 + 10 , randn(20,1)*0.3 + 50];

%# plotyy
plotyy(x,y(:,1), x,y(:,3))

%# orginial
figure
subplot(221), plot(x,y(:,1), x,y(:,2), x,y(:,3))
title('original'), legend({'y1' 'y2' 'y3'})

%# normalize: (y-min)/(max-min) ==> [0,1]
yy = bsxfun(@times, bsxfun(@minus,y,min(y)), 1./range(y));
subplot(222), plot(x,yy(:,1), x,yy(:,2), x,yy(:,3))
title('minmax')

%# standarize: (y - mean) / std ==> N(0,1)
yy = zscore(y);
subplot(223), plot(x,yy(:,1), x,yy(:,2), x,yy(:,3))
title('zscore')

%# softmax normalization with logistic sigmoid ==> [0,1]
yy = 1 ./ ( 1 + exp( -zscore(y) ) );
subplot(224), plot(x,yy(:,1), x,yy(:,2), x,yy(:,3))
title('softmax')

plotyy
标准化

I know of plotyy that allows you to have two y-axes, but no "plotyyy"!

Perhaps you can normalize the y values to have the same scale (min/max normalization, zscore standardization, etc..), then you can just easily plot them using normal plot, hold sequence.

Here's an example:

%# random data
x=1:20;
y = [randn(20,1)*1 + 0 , randn(20,1)*5 + 10 , randn(20,1)*0.3 + 50];

%# plotyy
plotyy(x,y(:,1), x,y(:,3))

%# orginial
figure
subplot(221), plot(x,y(:,1), x,y(:,2), x,y(:,3))
title('original'), legend({'y1' 'y2' 'y3'})

%# normalize: (y-min)/(max-min) ==> [0,1]
yy = bsxfun(@times, bsxfun(@minus,y,min(y)), 1./range(y));
subplot(222), plot(x,yy(:,1), x,yy(:,2), x,yy(:,3))
title('minmax')

%# standarize: (y - mean) / std ==> N(0,1)
yy = zscore(y);
subplot(223), plot(x,yy(:,1), x,yy(:,2), x,yy(:,3))
title('zscore')

%# softmax normalization with logistic sigmoid ==> [0,1]
yy = 1 ./ ( 1 + exp( -zscore(y) ) );
subplot(224), plot(x,yy(:,1), x,yy(:,2), x,yy(:,3))
title('softmax')

plotyy
normalization

回复 原文
依 靠 2024-08-18 09:09:03

超过两个轴的多尺度图很少见……幸运的是，在 Matlab 中这是可能的，但您必须完全重叠轴并使用刻度线，以免隐藏信息。

下面是一个很好的工作示例。我希望这就是您正在寻找的（尽管颜色可能更好）！

close all
clear all 

display('Generating data');

x = 0:10;
y1 = rand(1,11);
y2 = 10.*rand(1,11);
y3 = 100.*rand(1,11);
y4 = 100.*rand(1,11);

display('Plotting');

figure;
ax1 = gca;
get(ax1,'Position')
set(ax1,'XColor','k',...
    'YColor','b',...
    'YLim',[0,1],...
    'YTick',[0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0]);
line(x, y1, 'Color', 'b', 'LineStyle', '-', 'Marker', '.', 'Parent', ax1)

ax2 = axes('Position',get(ax1,'Position'),...
           'XAxisLocation','bottom',...
           'YAxisLocation','left',...
           'Color','none',...
           'XColor','k',...
           'YColor','r',...
           'YLim',[0,10],...
           'YTick',[1, 3, 5, 7, 9],...
           'XTick',[],'XTickLabel',[]);
line(x, y2, 'Color', 'r', 'LineStyle', '-', 'Marker', '.', 'Parent', ax2)

ax3 = axes('Position',get(ax1,'Position'),...
           'XAxisLocation','bottom',...
           'YAxisLocation','right',...
           'Color','none',...
           'XColor','k',...
           'YColor','g',...
           'YLim',[0,100],...
           'YTick',[0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100],...
           'XTick',[],'XTickLabel',[]);
line(x, y3, 'Color', 'g', 'LineStyle', '-', 'Marker', '.', 'Parent', ax3)

ax4 = axes('Position',get(ax1,'Position'),...
           'XAxisLocation','bottom',...
           'YAxisLocation','right',...
           'Color','none',...
           'XColor','k',...
           'YColor','c',...
           'YLim',[0,100],...
           'YTick',[10, 30, 50, 70, 90],...
           'XTick',[],'XTickLabel',[]);
line(x, y4, 'Color', 'c', 'LineStyle', '-', 'Marker', '.', 'Parent', ax4)

替代文本
（来源：pablorodriguez.info）

Multi-scale plots are rare to find beyond two axes... Luckily in Matlab it is possible, but you have to fully overlap axes and play with tickmarks so as not to hide info.

Below is a nice working sample. I hope this is what you are looking for (although colors could be much nicer)!

close all
clear all 

display('Generating data');

x = 0:10;
y1 = rand(1,11);
y2 = 10.*rand(1,11);
y3 = 100.*rand(1,11);
y4 = 100.*rand(1,11);

display('Plotting');

figure;
ax1 = gca;
get(ax1,'Position')
set(ax1,'XColor','k',...
    'YColor','b',...
    'YLim',[0,1],...
    'YTick',[0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0]);
line(x, y1, 'Color', 'b', 'LineStyle', '-', 'Marker', '.', 'Parent', ax1)

ax2 = axes('Position',get(ax1,'Position'),...
           'XAxisLocation','bottom',...
           'YAxisLocation','left',...
           'Color','none',...
           'XColor','k',...
           'YColor','r',...
           'YLim',[0,10],...
           'YTick',[1, 3, 5, 7, 9],...
           'XTick',[],'XTickLabel',[]);
line(x, y2, 'Color', 'r', 'LineStyle', '-', 'Marker', '.', 'Parent', ax2)

ax3 = axes('Position',get(ax1,'Position'),...
           'XAxisLocation','bottom',...
           'YAxisLocation','right',...
           'Color','none',...
           'XColor','k',...
           'YColor','g',...
           'YLim',[0,100],...
           'YTick',[0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100],...
           'XTick',[],'XTickLabel',[]);
line(x, y3, 'Color', 'g', 'LineStyle', '-', 'Marker', '.', 'Parent', ax3)

ax4 = axes('Position',get(ax1,'Position'),...
           'XAxisLocation','bottom',...
           'YAxisLocation','right',...
           'Color','none',...
           'XColor','k',...
           'YColor','c',...
           'YLim',[0,100],...
           'YTick',[10, 30, 50, 70, 90],...
           'XTick',[],'XTickLabel',[]);
line(x, y4, 'Color', 'c', 'LineStyle', '-', 'Marker', '.', 'Parent', ax4)

alt text
(source: pablorodriguez.info)

回复 原文
动次打次papapa 2024-08-18 09:09:03

PLOTYY 允许两个不同的 y 轴。或者您可以从文件交换中查看LayerPlot。我想我应该问你是否考虑过使用 HOLD 或者只是重新调整数据并使用常规的旧图？

旧，不是OP想要的：
SUBPLOT 允许您将一个图形窗口分成多个轴。然后，如果您只想显示一个 x 轴，或进行其他一些自定义，则可以独立操作每个轴。

PLOTYY allows two different y-axes. Or you might look into LayerPlot from the File Exchange. I guess I should ask if you've considered using HOLD or just rescaling the data and using regular old plot?

OLD, not what the OP was looking for:
SUBPLOT allows you to break a figure window into multiple axes. Then if you want to have only one x-axis showing, or some other customization, you can manipulate each axis independently.

回复 原文
半寸时光 2024-08-18 09:09:03

在您的情况下，有 3 个额外的 y 轴（总共 4 个），可用于实现您想要的并处理其他情况的最佳代码如上所示：

clear
clc

x = linspace(0,1,10);
N = numel(x);
y = rand(1,N);
y_extra_1 = 5.*rand(1,N)+5;
y_extra_2 = 50.*rand(1,N)+20;
Y = [y;y_extra_1;y_extra_2];

xLimit = [min(x) max(x)];
xWidth = xLimit(2)-xLimit(1);
numberOfExtraPlots = 2;
a = 0.05;
N_ = numberOfExtraPlots+1;

for i=1:N_
    L=1-(numberOfExtraPlots*a)-0.2;
    axesPosition = [(0.1+(numberOfExtraPlots*a)) 0.1 L 0.8];
    if(i==1)
        color = [rand(1),rand(1),rand(1)];
        figure('Units','pixels','Position',[200 200 1200 600])
        axes('Units','normalized','Position',axesPosition,...
            'Color','w','XColor','k','YColor',color,...
            'XLim',xLimit,'YLim',[min(Y(i,:)) max(Y(i,:))],...
            'NextPlot','add');
        plot(x,Y(i,:),'Color',color);
        xlabel('Time (s)');

        ylab = strcat('Values of dataset 0',num2str(i));
        ylabel(ylab)

        numberOfExtraPlots = numberOfExtraPlots - 1;
    else
        color = [rand(1),rand(1),rand(1)];
        axes('Units','normalized','Position',axesPosition,...
            'Color','none','XColor','k','YColor',color,...
            'XLim',xLimit,'YLim',[min(Y(i,:)) max(Y(i,:))],...
            'XTick',[],'XTickLabel',[],'NextPlot','add');
        V = (xWidth*a*(i-1))/L;
        b=xLimit+[V 0];
        x_=linspace(b(1),b(2),10);
        plot(x_,Y(i,:),'Color',color);
        ylab = strcat('Values of dataset 0',num2str(i));
        ylabel(ylab)

        numberOfExtraPlots = numberOfExtraPlots - 1;
    end
end

上面的代码将生成如下内容：

In your case there are 3 extra y axis (4 in total) and the best code that could be used to achieve what you want and deal with other cases is illustrated above:

clear
clc

x = linspace(0,1,10);
N = numel(x);
y = rand(1,N);
y_extra_1 = 5.*rand(1,N)+5;
y_extra_2 = 50.*rand(1,N)+20;
Y = [y;y_extra_1;y_extra_2];

xLimit = [min(x) max(x)];
xWidth = xLimit(2)-xLimit(1);
numberOfExtraPlots = 2;
a = 0.05;
N_ = numberOfExtraPlots+1;

for i=1:N_
    L=1-(numberOfExtraPlots*a)-0.2;
    axesPosition = [(0.1+(numberOfExtraPlots*a)) 0.1 L 0.8];
    if(i==1)
        color = [rand(1),rand(1),rand(1)];
        figure('Units','pixels','Position',[200 200 1200 600])
        axes('Units','normalized','Position',axesPosition,...
            'Color','w','XColor','k','YColor',color,...
            'XLim',xLimit,'YLim',[min(Y(i,:)) max(Y(i,:))],...
            'NextPlot','add');
        plot(x,Y(i,:),'Color',color);
        xlabel('Time (s)');

        ylab = strcat('Values of dataset 0',num2str(i));
        ylabel(ylab)

        numberOfExtraPlots = numberOfExtraPlots - 1;
    else
        color = [rand(1),rand(1),rand(1)];
        axes('Units','normalized','Position',axesPosition,...
            'Color','none','XColor','k','YColor',color,...
            'XLim',xLimit,'YLim',[min(Y(i,:)) max(Y(i,:))],...
            'XTick',[],'XTickLabel',[],'NextPlot','add');
        V = (xWidth*a*(i-1))/L;
        b=xLimit+[V 0];
        x_=linspace(b(1),b(2),10);
        plot(x_,Y(i,:),'Color',color);
        ylab = strcat('Values of dataset 0',num2str(i));
        ylabel(ylab)

        numberOfExtraPlots = numberOfExtraPlots - 1;
    end
end

The code above will produce something like this:

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