What should be done if the number exceeds beyond 4 billion?
Well, IPv6 is already largely supported by the current software and network infrastructure, so it is an obvious successor to IPv4.
Unfortunatley, migrating to IPv6 is a chicken-and-an-egg problem: the majority of Internet users aren't using IPv6 because ISPs and online services do not support it. However, ISPs do not want to support IPv6 because their customers are not demanding it. But the time will come once the IPv4 space starts to get tight.
Meanwhile, for access to legacy IPv4 sites, ISPs might share a single IPv4 address for several customers in a NAT configuration (network address translation). Currently NAT is mostly employed if you connect more than one computer to a router in a residental connection (if you've ever configured port forwarding, you need that because of NAT).
However, note that even though the number of allocated IPv4 addresses will reach 4 billion in a few years, the number of connected computers is much less than that -- because Internet address registries allocate addresses to ISPs in large groups (netblocks).
A contentious subject since the Service Providers have some incentives to wait for a crisis to have a reason to charge additional fees...
Note that Mobile Networks are the early adopters of IPv6 (they use 4to6 gateways): since the major growth in connected devices come from the Mobile side, the fixed side will be dragged to IPv6 by force anyways.
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目前的软件和网络基础设施已经基本支持 IPv6，因此它显然是 IPv4 的继承者。
不幸的是，迁移到 IPv6 是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题：大多数互联网用户不使用 IPv6，因为 ISP 和在线服务不支持它。然而，ISP 不想支持 IPv6，因为他们的客户并不需要它。但一旦 IPv4 空间开始变得紧张，这一时刻就会到来。
同时，为了访问旧版 IPv4 站点，ISP 可能会在 NAT 配置（网络地址转换）中为多个客户共享一个 IPv4 地址。目前，如果您在住宅连接中将多于一台计算机连接到路由器，则主要采用 NAT（如果您曾经配置过端口转发，则由于 NAT，您需要这样做）。
然而，请注意，尽管几年内分配的 IPv4 地址数量将达到 40 亿个，连接的计算机数量却远少于这个数字 - 因为互联网地址注册机构以大组（网络块）的形式向 ISP 分配地址。
Well, IPv6 is already largely supported by the current software and network infrastructure, so it is an obvious successor to IPv4.
Unfortunatley, migrating to IPv6 is a chicken-and-an-egg problem: the majority of Internet users aren't using IPv6 because ISPs and online services do not support it. However, ISPs do not want to support IPv6 because their customers are not demanding it. But the time will come once the IPv4 space starts to get tight.
Meanwhile, for access to legacy IPv4 sites, ISPs might share a single IPv4 address for several customers in a NAT configuration (network address translation). Currently NAT is mostly employed if you connect more than one computer to a router in a residental connection (if you've ever configured port forwarding, you need that because of NAT).
However, note that even though the number of allocated IPv4 addresses will reach 4 billion in a few years, the number of connected computers is much less than that -- because Internet address registries allocate addresses to ISPs in large groups (netblocks).
IPv6
IPv6
...转向 IPv6？
这是一个有争议的话题，因为服务提供商有一些动机等待危机发生，以便有理由收取额外费用……
请注意，移动网络是 IPv6 的早期采用者（他们使用 4to6 网关）：因为连接设备的大幅增长来自移动端，固定端无论如何都会被强行拖到IPv6。
... a move to IPv6 ?
A contentious subject since the Service Providers have some incentives to wait for a crisis to have a reason to charge additional fees...
Note that Mobile Networks are the early adopters of IPv6 (they use 4to6 gateways): since the major growth in connected devices come from the Mobile side, the fixed side will be dragged to IPv6 by force anyways.
Internet 协议版本 6（又名 IPv6）中的地址大小为 128 位。
这将允许理论上数量的2^128个不同的IP地址，这应该会持续一段时间......
the address size in internet protocol version 6 (aka IPv6) is 128 bits.
that will allow for a theoretical number of 2^128 distinct IP addresses which should last for a while....