为计算机科学家正式证明下限和上限函数

发布于 2024-08-11 02:59:59 字数 337 浏览 1 评论 0原文

这确实是我必须完成的一种练习,但有一点指导就太好了。我必须确定是否应该证明或反驳这三个陈述......

我对下限和上限的定义非常基本。我不会费心把它们放在这里。一旦我确定他们是否需要证明/反驳,我就必须开始努力实现这一目标。

我的预感是,第一个需要反驳,因为并非所有 X 和 Y 的下限和上限都小于它们的下限相乘。好像太严格了。

第二种说法似乎不太严格。地板乘以 ceil 大于地板 xy...这很有可能。

第三种似乎也是可能的,尽管大多数时候我打赌它们的价值是相等的。

想知道我是否走在正确的轨道上。抱歉我的符号,我不想使用正式的数学符号。我必须为每个问题写出正式且严格的证明。

This is indeed a sort of exercise I have to complete but a little direction would be wonderful. I have to determine if I should prove or disprove these three statements...

The definition I have of floor and ceil are pretty basic. I wont bother placing them here. Once I determine if they need proof/disproof I have to get to work on actually making that happen.

My hunch is that the first needs a disproof because it's not the case that all X and Y floor and ceiled equal are less than the floor of them multiplied. It seems too strict.

The second statement seems less strict. The floor times the ceil are greater than the floor xy...that's very much possible.

The third, also seems possible though most of the time I bet they would be equal in value.

Wondering if I'm on the right track. Sorry for my notation, I didn't want to use formal mathematical symbols. I'll have to write out a formal and rigorous proof for each.

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冷情妓 2024-08-18 02:59:59

具体数学:计算机科学的基础,作者:Graham、Knuth 和 Patashnik。这很有趣,你应该读一下!

对于您的具体问题,每个问题都有简单的示例/反例:

  1. “对于所有 x,对于所有 y,floor(x) * ceil(y) <= Floor(xy)” — 只需取 x=1,并且y 不是整数:那么它说 ceil(y) ≤ floor(y),这显然是不正确的。
  2. “Some X,Some Y,floor(x) * ceil(y) >= Floor(xy)”——同样,取 x=1,任意 y:则表示 ceil(y) ≥floor (y),这是正确的。
  3. “对于所有 X,对于所有 Y,floor(x) * ceil(y) > ceil(xy)”——再次取 x=1!它说 ceil(y) > ceil(y),这不可能是真的。事实上,您可以严格减少,例如取 x=0.99 且 y 为正值:则左侧为 0,而右侧为正值。

A great book that will make you extremely proficient at working with floors and ceilings, as well as several other useful things besides, is Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science by Graham, Knuth and Patashnik. It's a lot of fun, you should read it!

For your specific questions, there are simple examples/counterexamples for each:

  1. "For all x, for all y, floor(x) * ceil(y) <= floor(xy)" — Just take x=1, and y not integer: then it's saying that ceil(y) ≤ floor(y), which is obviously not true.
  2. "Some X, Some Y, floor(x) * ceil(y) >= floor(xy)" — Again, take x=1, and any y: then it's saying that ceil(y) ≥ floor(y), which is true.
  3. "For all X, for all Y, floor(x) * ceil(y) > ceil(xy)" — Take x=1 again! It says that ceil(y) > ceil(y), which cannot be true. You can in fact get strictly less, by taking e.g. x=0.99 and y positive: then the left-hand-side is 0, while the right is positive.
时间你老了 2024-08-18 02:59:59
  1. 反例:x=2.9,y=2.9; ⎣x⎦ = 2; ⎡y⎤ = 3; ⎣xy⎦ = 8。
  2. 考虑 x = 2.4,y = 2.4,但是 ∃x ∃y ⎣x⎦.⎡y⎤ ≥ ⎣xy⎦ 并不是一个很强的命题。
  3. 反例:x=2,y=2; ⎣x⎦ = 2, ⎡y⎤ = 2, ⎡xy⎤ = 4。

我不需要那么努力地找到合适的例子。

  1. Counter-example: x = 2.9, y = 2.9; ⎣x⎦ = 2; ⎡y⎤ = 3; ⎣xy⎦ = 8.
  2. Consider x = 2.4, y = 2.4, but ∃x ∃y ⎣x⎦.⎡y⎤ ≥ ⎣xy⎦ isn't a very strong statement.
  3. Counter-example: x = 2, y = 2; ⎣x⎦ = 2, ⎡y⎤ = 2, ⎡xy⎤ = 4.

I didn't have to work all that hard to find appropriate examples.

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