模板类无法重新定义运算符[]
我有这个类
namespace baseUtils {
template<typename AT>
class growVector {
int size;
AT **arr;
AT* defaultVal;
public:
growVector(int size, AT* defaultVal ); //Expects number of elements (5) and default value (NULL)
AT*& operator[](unsigned pos);
int length();
void reset(int pos); //Resets an element to default value
void reset(); //Resets all elements to default value
~growVector();
};
}
,这是 operator[] 的实现
template<typename AT>
AT*& growVector<AT>::operator [](unsigned pos){
if (pos >= size){
int newSize = size*2;
AT** newArr = new AT*[newSize];
memcpy(newArr, arr, sizeof(AT)*size);
for (int i = size; i<newSize; i++)
newArr[i] = defaultVal;
size = newSize;
delete arr;
arr = newArr;
}
return arr[pos];
}
(是的,我确实意识到我不检查 size*2 >= pos ...但这不是现在的重点) 如果我在如下代码中使用它:
int main() {
growVector<char> gv();
char* x = NULL;
for (int i = 0; i< 50; i++){
gv[i] = x;
}
gv.reset();
return 0;
}
编译器说
../src/base.cpp:98: warning: pointer to a function used in arithmetic
../src/base.cpp:98: error: assignment of read-only location ‘*(gv + ((unsigned int)i))’
../src/base.cpp:98: error: cannot convert ‘char*’ to ‘baseUtils::growVector<char>()’ in assignment
引用行 gv[i] = x; (好像没有看到[]的重新定义)
为什么???我缺少什么?
更正构造函数问题后,我让链接器说:
/home/dario/workspace/base/Debug/../src/base.cpp:95: undefined reference to `baseUtils::growVector<char>::growVector(int, char*)'
/home/dario/workspace/base/Debug/../src/base.cpp:98: undefined reference to `baseUtils::growVector<char>::operator[](unsigned int)'
/home/dario/workspace/base/Debug/../src/base.cpp:100: undefined reference to `baseUtils::growVector<char>::reset()'
/home/dario/workspace/base/Debug/../src/base.cpp:101: undefined reference to `baseUtils::growVector<char>::~growVector()'
/home/dario/workspace/base/Debug/../src/base.cpp:101: undefined reference to `baseUtils::growVector<char>::~growVector()'
就像它无法链接......为什么??? :哦
I've this class
namespace baseUtils {
template<typename AT>
class growVector {
int size;
AT **arr;
AT* defaultVal;
public:
growVector(int size, AT* defaultVal ); //Expects number of elements (5) and default value (NULL)
AT*& operator[](unsigned pos);
int length();
void reset(int pos); //Resets an element to default value
void reset(); //Resets all elements to default value
~growVector();
};
}
and this is the implementation for operator[]
template<typename AT>
AT*& growVector<AT>::operator [](unsigned pos){
if (pos >= size){
int newSize = size*2;
AT** newArr = new AT*[newSize];
memcpy(newArr, arr, sizeof(AT)*size);
for (int i = size; i<newSize; i++)
newArr[i] = defaultVal;
size = newSize;
delete arr;
arr = newArr;
}
return arr[pos];
}
(yes I do realize i don't check if size*2 >= pos... but that's not the point now)
if I use it in code like:
int main() {
growVector<char> gv();
char* x = NULL;
for (int i = 0; i< 50; i++){
gv[i] = x;
}
gv.reset();
return 0;
}
the compiler says
../src/base.cpp:98: warning: pointer to a function used in arithmetic
../src/base.cpp:98: error: assignment of read-only location ‘*(gv + ((unsigned int)i))’
../src/base.cpp:98: error: cannot convert ‘char*’ to ‘baseUtils::growVector<char>()’ in assignment
referring to the line gv[i] = x; (seems like it doesn't see the redefinition of [])
Why???? What am I missing?
After correcting the constructor problem I've the linker sayng:
/home/dario/workspace/base/Debug/../src/base.cpp:95: undefined reference to `baseUtils::growVector<char>::growVector(int, char*)'
/home/dario/workspace/base/Debug/../src/base.cpp:98: undefined reference to `baseUtils::growVector<char>::operator[](unsigned int)'
/home/dario/workspace/base/Debug/../src/base.cpp:100: undefined reference to `baseUtils::growVector<char>::reset()'
/home/dario/workspace/base/Debug/../src/base.cpp:101: undefined reference to `baseUtils::growVector<char>::~growVector()'
/home/dario/workspace/base/Debug/../src/base.cpp:101: undefined reference to `baseUtils::growVector<char>::~growVector()'
like it cannot link... why??? :O
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问题在于你的声明
编译器将其解释为声明一个名为
gv
的函数,该函数返回一个growVector
,而不是你想要的对象。由于没有默认构造函数,因此无论如何都无法编译。将其更改为:The problem is your declaration
The compiler interprets this as declaring a function called
gv
which returns agrowVector<char>
, not as an object as you indend. Since there isn't a default constructor, this wouldn't compile anyway. Change it to:编译器认为这一行
声明的是函数,而不是变量。删除
()
就可以了。The compiler thinks this line
is declaring a function, rather than a variable. Drop the
()
and things should work.我只是想指出,在类中使用两个版本的下标 [] 运算符是一个很好的做法:const(将用于 r 值)和非 const。
您已经实现了非 const 版本,但它不能在 const 函数或任何接收类实例作为 const 引用或指向 const 的指针的函数中使用。
I just would like to point out that it is a good practice to have two versions of subscript [] operator in the class: const (which will be used for r-value) and non-const.
You have implemented non-const version but it can not be used in const functions or in any function that receive instance of your class as const reference or pointer pointer to const.