size_t 是否可移植?

发布于 2024-08-10 05:54:30 字数 275 浏览 9 评论 0原文

GCC 4.4.1、C99

我使用的是 size_t,并且 size_t 是一个 unsigned int。但是,这取决于您运行的是 32 位还是 64 位。

我将使用 size_t 来存储缓冲区的大小。

因此,我认为如果跨架构使用,这不会非常便携。

只是一个问题,在 32 位或 64 位上使用 size_t 。什么情况会导致最严重的问题?

GCC 4.4.1, C99

I am using size_t, and size_t is an unsigned int. However, that depends if you are running 32 bit or 64 bit.

I will be using size_t to store the size of a buffer.

So I don't think this would be very portable if using across architectures.

Just a question, with using size_t on either a 32 or 64 bit. What situations would cause the most serious problem?

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评论(7

尹雨沫 2024-08-17 05:54:30

正如其他人所说,size_t 是正确的,并且对于存储 sizeof() 的结果或任何可表示对象的大小(以字节为单位)来说是完全可以接受的。您必须注意以下几点:

  1. size_t某些无符号整数类型的大小相同。它不一定与最大的无符号整数类型、unsigned intunsigned long等字节数相同。
  2. sizeof(size_t)是实现定义的字节数,因此对其进行memcpy或分配给除uintmax_t之外的任何整数类型都是一个坏主意。我什至不确定是否可以安全地假设它的大小等于或小于 uintmax_t 。
  3. size_t 值写入二进制文件,然后由另一个进程、不同的机器上或使用不同编译器选项编译的内容将其读回到 size_t 中,这可能会造成危险你的健康。
  4. 通过网络发送 size_t 值并尝试在另一端使用 sizeof(size_t) 缓冲区接收它是相当不安全的。

所有这些都是除 unsigned char 之外的任何其他整数类型的标准问题。因此,size_t 与任何其他整数类型一样可移植。

As others have said, size_t is correct and perfectly acceptable for storing the result of sizeof() or the size of any representable object in bytes. What you have to watch out for is the following:

  1. size_t is the same size as some unsigned integer type. It is not necessarily the same number of bytes as the largest unsigned integer type, unsigned int, unsigned long, etc.
  2. sizeof(size_t) is an implementation-defined number of bytes so memcpy'ing it or assigning into any integer type other than uintmax_t is a bad idea. I'm not even sure that it is safe to assume that it is of equal size or smaller than uintmax_t.
  3. Writing a size_t value to a binary file and reading it back into a size_t by another process, on a different machine, or by something compiled with different compiler options can be hazardous to your health.
  4. Sending a size_t value across a network and trying to receive it using a sizeof(size_t) buffer on the other side is rather unsafe.

All of these are standard issues with any other integer type except unsigned char. So size_t is just as portable as any other integer type.

泅人 2024-08-17 05:54:30

size_t 保证能够保存您的实现中任何对象的字节数。
这就是为什么 sizeof 的返回类型是 size_t

所以是的,它是便携式的。

size_t is guaranteed to be able to hold the number of bytes of any object on your implementation.
That's why the return type of sizeof is size_t.

So yes, it's portable.

一枫情书 2024-08-17 05:54:30

在这种情况下很难弄清楚“便携式”是什么意思。 “便携式”一词允许有多种截然不同的解释。

size_t 有一个非常具体的目的。它可以保存给定实现中任何对象的大小。即它是一种总是可以接收sizeof运算符结果的类型。 size_t 没有其他目的,并且在其预期应用中,它是 100% 可移植的,尽可能地可移植。

您所询问的是什么样的“便携式”再次不清楚。

It is hard to figure out what you mean by "portable" in this case. The term "portable" allows multiple significantly different interpretations.

size_t has a very specific purpose. It can hold the size of any object in the given implementation. I.e. it is a type that can always receive the result of the sizeof operator. size_t has no other purpose, and within its intended application, it is 100% portable, as portable as anything can be.

What kind of "portable" you are asking about is, once again, not clear.

等数载,海棠开 2024-08-17 05:54:30

如果您使用 malloc() 或 read(),那么使用 size_t 或 ssize_t 作为缓冲区是有意义的。为了可移植性,请使用 SIZE_MAX、SSIZE_MAX、sizeof(type-in​​-your-buffer) 和 %zd 或 %zu printf()。

It makes some sense to use size_t or ssize_t for a buffer if you're using malloc() or read(). For portability use SIZE_MAX, SSIZE_MAX, sizeof(type-in-your-buffer) and %zd or %zu printf().

地狱即天堂 2024-08-17 05:54:30

您还拥有 off_t 和 ptrdiff_t / ssize_t,它们在不同架构之间以相同的方式变化。

如果正确使用它们,那么它们可以跨架构移植。在 32 位系统上,它们都是 32 位宽,而在 64 位系统上,它们都是 64 位宽。这就是您想要的 - 缓冲区的大小不可能大于 32 位系统上的 32 位 size_t,但在 64 位系统上它可以大得多。

你永远不应该使用整型、长整型或其他任何类型。除此之外,long 的大小因平台而异(大多数 32 位系统上为 32 位,64 位 Unix 系统上为 64 位,64 位 Windows 上为 32 位)。

You've also got off_t and ptrdiff_t / ssize_t, which vary between architectures in the same way.

If you use them correctly, then they are portable across architectures. On a 32-bit system, they'll all be 32 bits wide, while on a 64 bit system they will all be 64 bits wide. This is what you want - the size of a buffer can't possibly be any larger than a 32-bit size_t on a 32-bit system, but it can be far larger on a 64-bit system.

You should never use ints, longs, or anything else. Aside from anything else, the size of a long varies depending on the platform (32-bits on most 32-bit systems, 64-bits on 64-bit Unix systems, 32-bit on 64-bit Windows).

梦罢 2024-08-17 05:54:30

取决于您使用 size_t 的目的。

如果您使用它来确定内存缓冲区的大小,它将是安全的,因为 size_t 足够大,可以寻址任何计算机的整个内存。因此,如果内存缓冲区大于该值,无论如何都会遇到问题。

另一方面,如果您将其用作通用无符号整数来计算宇宙中恒星的数量,则在 32 位系统上可能会遇到问题(不确定 64 位系统)。

Depends on what you are using size_t for.

If you use it to determine the size of a memory buffer it will be safe, since size_t is large enough to address the whole memory of any computer. So if the memory buffer is larger than that, you have a problem anyway.

On the other hand, if you use it as a generic unsigned integer to count the number of stars in the universe for example, you might have a problem on 32-bit system (not sure about 64-bit systems).

小嗷兮 2024-08-17 05:54:30

唯一真正严重的问题是尝试访问相当大的数组或 size_t 的大量数字。

就像普通的“int”在 64 位上可能就足够了,但在 32 位上可能会导致崩溃,因为它对于 32 位系统上的 int 来说太大了。

The only real serious problem with this is trying to access a rather large array or a large number for size_t.

Just like just a regular "int" might be enough on a 64-bit, but could cause a crash on a 32-bit because its too large for a int on a 32-bit system.

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