继承时的变量作用域

发布于 2024-08-09 22:26:29 字数 617 浏览 4 评论 0原文

我在 C++ 中有两个类,一个类继承另一个类:

class A {
public: 
    virtual void Initialize(){
        m_MyString = "Default value";
    }

protected: 
     string m_MyString;
}

class B : public A {
public: 
    void Initialize(){ 
       A::Initialize(); 
       m_MyString = "New Value";
    }
}

上面的 B 类和这个类有区别吗?

class B : public A {
public: 
    void Initialize(){ 
       A::Initialize(); 
       A::m_MyString = "New Value";
    }
}

似乎使用作用域运算符会导致字符串出现垃圾,对吗?我在想当它覆盖时,A::m_MyString 与B::m_MyString 不同。这还有道理吗?

我看到变量在 A 中设置,然后当我们返回 B 时,出现垃圾。这与“隐藏”与覆盖有关吗?

I have two classes in C++, where one inherits from the other:

class A {
public: 
    virtual void Initialize(){
        m_MyString = "Default value";
    }

protected: 
     string m_MyString;
}

class B : public A {
public: 
    void Initialize(){ 
       A::Initialize(); 
       m_MyString = "New Value";
    }
}

Is there a difference between the above class B and this one?

class B : public A {
public: 
    void Initialize(){ 
       A::Initialize(); 
       A::m_MyString = "New Value";
    }
}

It seem using the scoping operator will result in a the string having garbage, correct? I'm thinking when it overrides, the A::m_MyString is different than B::m_MyString. Does this even make sense?

I'm seeing the variable get set in A, then when we return to B, have garbage. This has to do with "hidden" vs. overridden?

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评论(6

心不设防 2024-08-16 22:26:29

您的代码在很多方面都是无效的。它应该看起来像:

class A { // << errors were here
public: 
    virtual void Initialize(){
        m_MyString = "Default value";
    }

protected: 
     string m_MyString;
}; // << lost ;

class B : public A // << errors were here
{
public: 
    virtual void Initialize(){  // << virtual
       A::Initialize(); // has no effect in the end

       A::m_MyString = "New Value"; // same as `m_MyString = "New Value";`
    }
}; // << lost ;

在上面的代码中,与 m_MyString 没有区别。发布您的实际代码,有错误。

如果您的代码如下所示:

class B : public A
{
public: 
    virtual void Initialize(){
       // here is a difference
       A::m_MyString = "New Value"; 
       m_MyString = "New Value";
    }
protected: 
     string m_MyString; // !!! overridden
};

那么存在差异,因为 B 有两个 m_MyString 实例:A::m_MyStringB: :m_MyString

Your code is not valid in many ways. It should look like:

class A { // << errors were here
public: 
    virtual void Initialize(){
        m_MyString = "Default value";
    }

protected: 
     string m_MyString;
}; // << lost ;

class B : public A // << errors were here
{
public: 
    virtual void Initialize(){  // << virtual
       A::Initialize(); // has no effect in the end

       A::m_MyString = "New Value"; // same as `m_MyString = "New Value";`
    }
}; // << lost ;

In the code above there is no difference with m_MyString. Post your actual code with error.

If your code looks like:

class B : public A
{
public: 
    virtual void Initialize(){
       // here is a difference
       A::m_MyString = "New Value"; 
       m_MyString = "New Value";
    }
protected: 
     string m_MyString; // !!! overridden
};

Then there is a difference because B has two instances of m_MyString: A::m_MyString and B::m_MyString.

叶落知秋 2024-08-16 22:26:29

您是否从 A 的构造函数中调用 Initialize() ?

不建议在构造函数中调用虚方法。例如,如果 A 的构造函数看起来像

A::A() {
  Initialize();
}

B 的 Initialize 方法,则永远不会被调用。

查看您的实际代码会有很大帮助。

Are you calling Initialize() from the constructor of A?

Calling virtual methods in constructors is not recommended. For example, if A's constructor looked like

A::A() {
  Initialize();
}

B's Initialize method would never get called.

Seeing your actual code would help a lot.

趁微风不噪 2024-08-16 22:26:29

B 类的这两个版本之间没有区别。这是您在其中看到垃圾的真实代码吗?

There is no difference between those two versions of class B. Is that the real code that you see garbage in?

灼疼热情 2024-08-16 22:26:29

编译器应该告诉您是否从构造函数调用虚函数。但如果没有,那肯定是有问题的。

我认为你可以在派生类中将虚函数设为final,但也许不行。无论是否显式定义作用域,变量都应该是相同的,除非派生类中有同名的变量。

The compiler should tell you if you're calling a virtual function from a constructor. But if not, that's definitely a problem.

I think you can make a virtual function final in the derived class, but maybe not. The variable should be the same, regardless of whether or not you explicitly define scope, unless you have a variable of the same name in the derived class.

放低过去 2024-08-16 22:26:29

如果您的代码如下所示:

using namespace std;

class A 
{
    public:
        virtual void Initialize()
        {
            m_MyString = "Default value";
        }

    protected:
        string m_MyString;
};

class B : public A 
{
    public:
        void Initialize()
        {
            A::Initialize();
            m_MyString = "New Value";
        }

        void display()
        {
            cout<<m_MyString<<endl;
        }
};

int main()
{
    B b;
    A a;

    b.Initialize();
    b.display();

    return 0;
}

那么您在问题中描述的 B 类的两个版本之间没有区别。我添加显示功能只是为了让值更清晰。根据您给出的类的定义,m_MyString 不会被覆盖。因此,m_MyString 变量将被分配“新值”,即类 A 和 B 将共享变量 m_MyString。

如果您像这样重写 B 类中的 m_MyString

class B : public A 
{
    public:
        void Initialize()
        {
            A::Initialize();
            m_MyString = "New Value";
        }

    void display()
    {
        cout<<m_MyString<<endl;
    }

    protected:
        string m_MyString;
};

那么 B::m_MyString 的值将包含“新值”,而 A::m_MyString 的值将包含“默认值”。

If this is how your code looks:

using namespace std;

class A 
{
    public:
        virtual void Initialize()
        {
            m_MyString = "Default value";
        }

    protected:
        string m_MyString;
};

class B : public A 
{
    public:
        void Initialize()
        {
            A::Initialize();
            m_MyString = "New Value";
        }

        void display()
        {
            cout<<m_MyString<<endl;
        }
};

int main()
{
    B b;
    A a;

    b.Initialize();
    b.display();

    return 0;
}

Then there is no difference between the two versions of the class B that you described in your question. I added the display function just to make the values clear. By the definitions of the class that you have given, the m_MyString is not being overridden. So the m_MyString variable will have "New Value" assigned to it, i.e. both the classes A and B will share the variable m_MyString.

If you override the m_MyString in class B like

class B : public A 
{
    public:
        void Initialize()
        {
            A::Initialize();
            m_MyString = "New Value";
        }

    void display()
    {
        cout<<m_MyString<<endl;
    }

    protected:
        string m_MyString;
};

Then the value of B::m_MyString will contain "New Value" and the Value of A::m_MyString will contain "Default value".

萌逼全场 2024-08-16 22:26:29

<块引用>

似乎使用作用域运算符会导致字符串出现垃圾,对吗?

不,这应该有效,并且在调用 b.Initialize() 后 m_MyString 将具有“新值”。

<块引用>

我在想当它覆盖时,A::m_MyString 与 B::m_MyString 不同。做
这还有道理吗?

不会,当一个类 B 继承另一个类 A 时,类 B 的对象将具有两者的数据成员的并集。在本例中,只有一个 m_MyString,即 A::m_MyString。

<块引用>

我看到变量在 A 中设置,然后当我们返回 B 时,出现垃圾。
这与“隐藏”与覆盖有关吗?

不,m_MyString 只有一个实例。

您绝对需要阅读此内容 - http://www.openrce.org/articles/files /jangrayhood.pdf

It seem using the scoping operator will result in a the string having garbage, correct?

No, this should work and m_MyString will have "New Value" after b.Initialize() is called.

I'm thinking when it overrides, the A::m_MyString is different than B::m_MyString. Does
this even make sense?

No, when a class B inherits another class A, the object of class B will have a union of the data members of the two. In this case, there is only one m_MyString that is A::m_MyString.

I'm seeing the variable get set in A, then when we return to B, have garbage.
This has to do with "hidden" vs. overridden?

No, there is only one instance of m_MyString.

You definitely need to read this - http://www.openrce.org/articles/files/jangrayhood.pdf.

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