电子商务、类别中的产品和类别浏览
我正在为客户构建一个 EC 网站,项目经理提出了一些奇怪的想法,而我正在努力实际实施他卖给客户的内容。
这是我的主要问题和系统设置方式的快速总结:产品位于类别内,类别可以是另一个类别的子类别。因此,该类别在网站的左侧栏上以树的形式呈现。
用户可以浏览任何类别,甚至是非“叶”类别,如果用户单击非叶类别,则应在 1 级类别上显示类似的列表(同样适用于 2 级类别)
big category 1
category level ( 3 or 2 )
product 1
product 2
product 3
category level ( 3 or 2 )
:一些分页并在每页显示 5 个产品。另外,类别应该以与左侧菜单中出现的相同方式排序...我的数据库方案是这样的:
+-------------+ +-------------+
+ category + + product +
+-------------+ +-------------+
+ category_id + + product_id +
+ parent_id + + category_id +
+-------------+ +-------------+
我真的无法弄清楚应该如何编写 SQL 代码以确保产品按应有的顺序出现(例如订购产品和类别有菜单)。
另外,我还担心整个设置的性能,如果用户选择非“叶”类别,我将不得不搜索所有子类别并创建一个大类别( id1, id2, id3 ),并且我根据经验知道IN 语句表现不佳。
如果有人遇到相同的设计/问题并提供一些如何制作的建议,我将不胜感激。
I am building an EC website for a customer and the project manager came with some strange ideas and I am struggling to actually implement what he sold to the client.
Here comes my main issue and a quick summary how the system is setup: product are inside categories, categories could be children of an another category. So the category is presented as a tree on the left sidebar of the website.
The user can browse any category, even non "leaf" category, if the user click on non leaf category a listing like that should be presented for exemple on a level 1 category (same apply to level 2 categories):
big category 1
category level ( 3 or 2 )
product 1
product 2
product 3
category level ( 3 or 2 )
The things should also have some paging and present on 5 product on each page. Plus the category should be ordered in same fashion they appear in the menu on left side ... my DB scheme is like this:
+-------------+ +-------------+
+ category + + product +
+-------------+ +-------------+
+ category_id + + product_id +
+ parent_id + + category_id +
+-------------+ +-------------+
I cannot really figure out how I should code the SQL to make sure the product appear in order they should(like ordering product and categories has menu).
Also I am concerned about the performance of the whole setup, if the user select a non "leaf" category I would have to search all the child category and make a big category IN ( id1, id2, id3 ) and I know by experience long IN statement don't perform well.
If someone have encountered same design/issue and have some advice how to make it I would be grateful.
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您可以使用物化路径设计。目录路径是具体化路径的示例。也就是说,一系列祖先值连接在一起,并用一些字符(“/”或“,”很常见)将它们分隔开。
因此,您可能有类别:
现在,如果您想要音频下的所有产品,您可以执行如下查询:
例如,
'1/4/5/6' LIKE '1/4/%'
是正确的,因此包括墙壁卫星。对于音频的任何其他子类别也是如此。关于您关于菜单渲染的问题:我假设您希望渲染菜单:
- 所选类别的所有祖先
- 所选类别祖先的所有兄弟姐妹
因此,如果您选择“扬声器”,您会看到:
但是您不想要计算机或数码相机的后代(即扬声器的“表兄弟”)。
我正在使用一个技巧来检测叔叔:在剥离最后一个元素后比较路径。为此,请反转字符串,然后删除 first 元素。这至少应该可以在 MySQL 和 MS SQL Server 中工作,但是 REVERSE() 不是标准的,并且可能无法移植到其他品牌的 RDBMS。
请注意,您可能应该允许
cat_path
中的每个元素使用多于一位的数字,在这种情况下,子字符串偏移量也应该增加。You could use the Materialized Path design. A directory path is an example of materialized path. That is, a series of ancestor values, concatenated together, with some character ("/" or "," are common) separating them.
So you might have categories:
Now if you want all products that are under Audio, you can do a query like:
For example,
'1/4/5/6' LIKE '1/4/%'
is true, therefore Wall Satellites are included. And same for any other subcategory of Audio.Re your question about menu rendering: I assume you'd want the menu to render:
- All ancestors of the chosen category
- All siblings of the ancestors of the chosen category
So if you choose 'Speakers', you'd see:
But you don't want descendants of Computers or Digital Cameras (i.e. "cousins" of Speakers).
I'm using a trick to detect uncles: compare the paths, after stripping the last element. To do this, reverse the string and then strip the first element. This should work at least in MySQL and MS SQL Server, but
REVERSE()
isn't standard and might not be portable to other brands of RDBMS.Note that you should probably allow for more than one digit for each element in the
cat_path
, in which case the substring offset should also increase.从性能角度来看,这是一个糟糕的设计。如果客户不小心点击了最上面的类别,您将执行整个库存的查询。这可能会花费令人无法接受的时间。用网络术语来说,这意味着客户失去耐心,点击进入竞争对手的网站,然后再也不会访问您的网站。
当然,过早的优化是万恶之源,但避免做完全愚蠢的事情是个好主意。
我也会对树导航作为一种方法的整个想法提出异议。这有点像要求客户玩“猜猜我们如何盘点库存”的游戏。抛开其他事情不谈,在许多领域,一种产品可以属于多个类别,因此将它们放入层次结构中是一个任意的过程。至少您可能应该有一个支持将产品分配给多个叶类别的数据模型。 (这可能取决于您所销售商品的性质以及类别的粒度)。
如果你的老板坚持他们的方式,那么你仍然有一些选择来提高查询的性能。例如,您可能有一个表,其中包含由所有父类别连接的所有产品...
您必须通过触发器或物化视图或通过某种其他机制(取决于您的数据库风格提供的内容)来维护它。但与不必为每个客户查询重新组装产品层次结构所带来的性能优势相比,维护它的开销可以忽略不计。此外,您的库存不太可能有那么大的波动。
From a performance perspective this is a bad design. If a customer accidentally clicks on the toppermost category you would execute a query of your entire inventory. This will probably take an unacceptable amount of time. In web terms this translates to the customer losing patience, clicking over to your rival's site and never visiting your site again.
Of course, premature optimization is the root of all evil and all that, but it is a good idea to avoid doing completely dumb things.
I would also take issue with the whole idea of tree navigation as an approach. It smacks a bit too much of asking your customers to play a game of "Guess how we inventory our stock". Apart from anything else, in many spheres a product can belong to more than one category, so fitting them in a hierarchy is an arbitrary process. At the very least you probably ought to have a data model which supports assigning a product to multiple leaf categories. (This may depend on the nature of what you're selling and the granularity of your categories).
If your boss insists on their way then you still have some options to improve the performance of the query. For instance you could have a table which includes all the products joined by all their parent categories...
You would have to maintain this, through triggers or as a materialized view or through some other mechanism (depending on what your database flavour offers). But the overhead of maintaining it would be neglible compared to the performance benefits of not having to re-assemble the product hierarchy for every customer query. Besides it is unlikely you have that much volatility in your inventory.