使用 udev 自动重命名和编号网卡

发布于 2024-08-08 21:38:00 字数 1304 浏览 6 评论 0原文

我正在编写一个 udev 规则来自动重命名具有特定 MAC 地址的 NIC 并对其进行编号。

生成的规则应该执行与 75-persistent-net-generator.rules 几乎相同的操作（匹配卡的 MAC 地址的前 3 个字节，将其命名为“mycard*”，具体取决于此卡的数量）供应商已安装，将重命名规则写入70-persistent-net.rules）。

这就是我到目前为止所取得的进展：

# udev rules to name rename cards to mycard

ACTION!="add", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"
SUBSYSTEM!="net", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"

# ignore the interface if a name has already been set
NAME=="mycard*", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"

# device name whitelist
KERNEL!="eth*", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"

# read MAC address
ENV{MATCHADDR}="$attr{address}"

# match interface type
ENV{MATCHIFTYPE}="$attr{type}"

# ignore non mycard MAC addresses
ENV{MATCHADDR}!="00:11:22:*", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"

# default comment
ENV{COMMENT}=="", ENV{COMMENT}="mycard connected through ($attr{driver})"

#### THIS IS THE PART I DON'T GET ####

# write rule
DRIVERS=="?*", IMPORT{program}="write_net_rules"

# rename interface if needed
ENV{INTERFACE_NEW}=="?*", NAME="mycard*"

#### THIS IS THE END OF THE PART I DON'T GET ####

LABEL="persistent_mycard_generator_end

“我没有得到的部分”应该做的任务是将一张卡（假设它是 eth3）重命名为 mycard0，或者如果它是系统中具有匹配 MAC 的第二张卡地址 mycard1 等。

提前致谢，弗洛克拉

原文

I'm writing on an udev-rule to automatically rename and number NICs with specific MAC addresses.

The resulting rule should do nearly the same 75-persistent-net-generator.rules does (match first 3 bytes of the MAC address of card, name it 'mycard*' depending on how much cards of this vendor are installed, write the renaming-rule into 70-persistent-net.rules).

This is how far I've come until now:

# udev rules to name rename cards to mycard

ACTION!="add", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"
SUBSYSTEM!="net", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"

# ignore the interface if a name has already been set
NAME=="mycard*", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"

# device name whitelist
KERNEL!="eth*", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"

# read MAC address
ENV{MATCHADDR}="$attr{address}"

# match interface type
ENV{MATCHIFTYPE}="$attr{type}"

# ignore non mycard MAC addresses
ENV{MATCHADDR}!="00:11:22:*", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"

# default comment
ENV{COMMENT}=="", ENV{COMMENT}="mycard connected through ($attr{driver})"

#### THIS IS THE PART I DON'T GET ####

# write rule
DRIVERS=="?*", IMPORT{program}="write_net_rules"

# rename interface if needed
ENV{INTERFACE_NEW}=="?*", NAME="mycard*"

#### THIS IS THE END OF THE PART I DON'T GET ####

LABEL="persistent_mycard_generator_end

The task "THE PART I DON'T GET" should do is to rename a card (lets say it's eth3) to mycard0 or if it's the second card in the system with a matching MAC address mycard1 and so on.

Thanks in advance,
flokra

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〗斷ホ乔殘χμё〖 2024-08-15 21:38:00

如果你在调用write_net_rules之前将ENV{INTERFACE}设置为“mycard0”，它会为你找到第一个未使用的mycardN，并为其写出规则，并返回ENV{INTERFACE_NEW}中的名称。

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错々过的事 2024-08-15 21:38:00

好的，这是我的解决方案（我已经使用 Debian 5.0 和 Ubuntu 9.04 对其进行了测试，因此我不确定它是否适用于其他发行版的 udev 实现）：

75-persistent-mycard-generator.rules< /p>

ACTION!="add", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"
子系统！=“net”，GOTO=“persistent_mycard_generator_end”

# 如果已经设置了名称则忽略该接口
NAME==“？*”，GOTO =“persistent_mycard_generator_end”

# 设备名称白名单
KERNEL!="eth*", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"

# 默认匹配 MAC 地址和接口类型
ENV{MATCHADDR}="$attr{地址}"
ENV{MATCHIFTYPE}="$attr{类型}"

# 匹配接口dev_id
ATTR{dev_id}=="?*", ENV{MATCHDEVID}="$attr{dev_id}"

# 默认匹配 MAC 地址和接口类型
ENV{MATCHADDR}="$attr{地址}"
ENV{MATCHIFTYPE}="$attr{类型}"

# 匹配接口dev_id
ATTR{dev_id}=="?*", ENV{MATCHDEVID}="$attr{dev_id}"

# 如果卡不是 mycard，则终止处理
ENV{MATCHADDR}!="AA:BB:CC:*", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"

# 为生成的规则提供很好的注释
SUBSYSTEMS=="pci", ENV{COMMENT}="PCI 设备 $attr{供应商}:$attr{设备}"
SUBSYSTEMS=="pcmcia", ENV{COMMENT}="PCMCIA 设备 $attr{card_id}:$attr{manf_id}"
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ENV{COMMENT}="USB 设备 0x$attr{idVendor}:0x$attr{idProduct}"
ENV{COMMENT}=="", ENV{COMMENT}="未知 $env{SUBSYSTEM} 设备($env{DEVPATH})"
ATTRS{driver}=="?*", ENV{COMMENT}="$env{COMMENT} ($attr{driver})"

# 将我的卡添加到评论中
ENV{COMMENT}="$env{COMMENT} (mycard)"

# 将接口名称设置为 mycard0（初始）
ENV{INTERFACE}="mycard0"

# 生成并编写规则
驱动程序==“？*”，导入{program} =“write_mycard_rules”

# 如果需要重命名接口
ENV{INTERFACE_NEW}=="?*",NAME="$env{INTERFACE_NEW}"

标签=“persistent_mycard_generator_end”

write_mycard_rules

RULES_FILE='/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules'

。 /lib/udev/hotplug.functions

接口名称_taken() {
    本地值=“$(find_all_rules'NAME='$INTERFACE)”
    如果[“$值”];然后
        返回0
    菲
    返回1

}

查找下一个可用（）{
    raw_find_next_available "$(find_all_rules 'NAME=' "$1")"
}

写规则（）{
    本地匹配=“$1”
    本地名称=“$2”
    本地评论=“$3”

    {
    如果[“$PRINT_HEADER”];然后
        打印头=
        echo "# 这个文件是由$0自动生成的"
        echo "# 由 permanent-mycard-generator.rules 规则文件运行的程序。"
        回显“#”
        echo "# 你可以修改它，只要你将每条规则放在一行上即可。"
    菲

    回声“”
    [“$comment”] &&回显“#$评论”
    echo "SUBSYSTEM==\"net\", ACTION==\"add\"$match, NAME=\"$name\""
    }>> $RULES_FILE
}

如果[-z“$INTERFACE”];然后
    echo "缺少\$INTERFACE" >&2
    1号出口
菲

# 防止并发进程同时修改文件。
锁定规则文件

# 检查规则文件是否可写。
选择规则文件

# 需要 DRIVERS 密钥才能不匹配网桥和 VLAN 子接口
如果[“$MATCHADDR”];然后
    match="$match, DRIVERS==\"?*\", ATTR{地址}==\"$MATCHADDR\""
菲


如果[“$MATCHHDRV”]；然后
    匹配=“$匹配，驱动程序==\“$MATCHHDRV\””
菲

如果[“$MATCHDEVID”];然后
    match="$match, ATTR{dev_id}==\"$MATCHDEVID\""
菲


如果[“$MATCHID”];然后
    match="$match, KERNELS==\"$MATCHID\""
菲        

如果[“$MATCHIFTYPE”];然后
    match="$match, ATTR{type}==\"$MATCHIFTYPE\""
菲


if [ -z "$match" ];然后
    echo“缺少有效匹配”>&2
    解锁规则文件
    1号出口
菲

基本名称=${接口%%[0-9]*}
match="$match, KERNEL==\"eth*\""
如果[“$INTERFACE_NAME”];然后
    # 外部工具可能会请求自定义名称
    COMMENT="$COMMENT（外部工具提供的自定义名称）"

    if [ "$INTERFACE_NAME" != "$INTERFACE" ];然后
        接口=$INTERFACE_NAME；
        回显“INTERFACE_NEW=$INTERFACE”
    菲
别的
    # 如果使用当前名称的规则已存在，则查找新名称
    如果接口名称被采用；然后
        INTERFACE="$basename$(find_next_available "$basename[0-9]*")"
        回显“INTERFACE_NEW=$INTERFACE”
    菲
菲

write_rule“$match”“$INTERFACE”“$COMMENT”
解锁规则文件
出口0

最重要的更改是 75-persistent-mycard-generator.rules 中的 ENV{INTERFACE}="mycard0"，它设置卡应获取的名称和 match="$match, KERNEL==\"eth*\"" 强制 udev 不使用新名称覆盖已使用的内核子系统。

OK, here's my solution (I've tested it with Debian 5.0 and Ubuntu 9.04, so I'm not sure if it works with the udev-implementations of other distributions):

75-persistent-mycard-generator.rules

ACTION!="add", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"
SUBSYSTEM!="net", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"

# ignore the interface if a name has already been set
NAME=="?*", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"

# device name whitelist
KERNEL!="eth*", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"

# by default match on the MAC address and interface type
ENV{MATCHADDR}="$attr{address}"
ENV{MATCHIFTYPE}="$attr{type}"

# match interface dev_id
ATTR{dev_id}=="?*", ENV{MATCHDEVID}="$attr{dev_id}"

# by default match on the MAC address and interface type
ENV{MATCHADDR}="$attr{address}"
ENV{MATCHIFTYPE}="$attr{type}"

# match interface dev_id
ATTR{dev_id}=="?*", ENV{MATCHDEVID}="$attr{dev_id}"

# terminate processing if card is not a mycard
ENV{MATCHADDR}!="AA:BB:CC:*", GOTO="persistent_mycard_generator_end"

# provide nice comments for the generated rules
SUBSYSTEMS=="pci", ENV{COMMENT}="PCI device $attr{vendor}:$attr{device}"
SUBSYSTEMS=="pcmcia", ENV{COMMENT}="PCMCIA device $attr{card_id}:$attr{manf_id}"
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ENV{COMMENT}="USB device 0x$attr{idVendor}:0x$attr{idProduct}"
ENV{COMMENT}=="", ENV{COMMENT}="Unknown $env{SUBSYSTEM} device($env{DEVPATH})"
ATTRS{driver}=="?*", ENV{COMMENT}="$env{COMMENT} ($attr{driver})"

# add mycard to comment
ENV{COMMENT}="$env{COMMENT} (mycard)"

# set interface name to mycard0 (initially)
ENV{INTERFACE}="mycard0"

# generate and write the rule
DRIVERS=="?*", IMPORT{program}="write_mycard_rules"

# rename the interface if requested
ENV{INTERFACE_NEW}=="?*",NAME="$env{INTERFACE_NEW}"

LABEL="persistent_mycard_generator_end"

write_mycard_rules

RULES_FILE='/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules'

. /lib/udev/hotplug.functions

interface_name_taken() {
    local value="$(find_all_rules 'NAME=' $INTERFACE)"
    if [ "$value" ]; then
        return 0
    fi
    return 1

}

find_next_available() {
    raw_find_next_available "$(find_all_rules 'NAME=' "$1")"
}

write_rule() {
    local match="$1"
    local name="$2"
    local comment="$3"

    {
    if [ "$PRINT_HEADER" ]; then
        PRINT_HEADER=
        echo "# This file was automatically generated by the $0"
        echo "# program run by the persistent-mycard-generator.rules rules file."
        echo "#"
        echo "# You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single line."
    fi

    echo ""
    [ "$comment" ] && echo "# $comment"
    echo "SUBSYSTEM==\"net\", ACTION==\"add\"$match, NAME=\"$name\""
    } >> $RULES_FILE
}

if [ -z "$INTERFACE" ]; then
    echo "missing \$INTERFACE" >&2
    exit 1
fi

# Prevent concurrent processes from modifying the file at the same time.
lock_rules_file

# Check if the rules file is writeable.
choose_rules_file

# the DRIVERS key is needed to not match bridges and VLAN sub-interfaces
if [ "$MATCHADDR" ]; then
    match="$match, DRIVERS==\"?*\", ATTR{address}==\"$MATCHADDR\""
fi


if [ "$MATCHDRV" ]; then
    match="$match, DRIVERS==\"$MATCHDRV\""
fi

if [ "$MATCHDEVID" ]; then
    match="$match, ATTR{dev_id}==\"$MATCHDEVID\""
fi


if [ "$MATCHID" ]; then
    match="$match, KERNELS==\"$MATCHID\""
fi        

if [ "$MATCHIFTYPE" ]; then
    match="$match, ATTR{type}==\"$MATCHIFTYPE\""
fi


if [ -z "$match" ]; then
    echo "missing valid match" >&2
    unlock_rules_file
    exit 1
fi

basename=${INTERFACE%%[0-9]*}
match="$match, KERNEL==\"eth*\""
if [ "$INTERFACE_NAME" ]; then
    # external tools may request a custom name
    COMMENT="$COMMENT (custom name provided by external tool)"

    if [ "$INTERFACE_NAME" != "$INTERFACE" ]; then
        INTERFACE=$INTERFACE_NAME;
        echo "INTERFACE_NEW=$INTERFACE"
    fi
else
    # if a rule using the current name already exists, find a new name
    if interface_name_taken; then
        INTERFACE="$basename$(find_next_available "$basename[0-9]*")"
        echo "INTERFACE_NEW=$INTERFACE"
    fi
fi

write_rule "$match" "$INTERFACE" "$COMMENT"
unlock_rules_file
exit 0

The most important changes are ENV{INTERFACE}="mycard0" in 75-persistent-mycard-generator.rules which sets the name the card should get and match="$match, KERNEL==\"eth*\"" in write_mycard_rules which forces udev to not override the used Kernel Subsystem with the new name.

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