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如何在Android中使用Parcel？

发布于 2024-08-08 12:43:23 字数 1576 浏览 9 评论 0原文

我正在尝试使用 Parcel 写入并读回 Parcelable。由于某种原因，当我从文件中读回对象时，它返回为 null。

public void testFoo() {
    final Foo orig = new Foo("blah blah");

    // Wrote orig to a parcel and then byte array
    final Parcel p1 = Parcel.obtain();
    p1.writeValue(orig);
    final byte[] bytes = p1.marshall();


    // Check to make sure that the byte array seems to contain a Parcelable
    assertEquals(4, bytes[0]); // Parcel.VAL_PARCELABLE


    // Unmarshall a Foo from that byte array
    final Parcel p2 = Parcel.obtain();
    p2.unmarshall(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
    final Foo result = (Foo) p2.readValue(Foo.class.getClassLoader());


    assertNotNull(result); // FAIL
    assertEquals( orig.str, result.str );
}


protected static class Foo implements Parcelable {
    protected static final Parcelable.Creator<Foo> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<Foo>() {
        public Foo createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
            final Foo f = new Foo();
            f.str = (String) source.readValue(Foo.class.getClassLoader());
            return f;
        }

        public Foo[] newArray(int size) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

    };


    public String str;

    public Foo() {
    }

    public Foo( String s ) {
        str = s;
    }

    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int ignored) {
        dest.writeValue(str);
    }


}

我缺少什么？

更新：为了简化测试，我在原始示例中删除了文件的读取和写入。

原文

I'm trying to use Parcel to write and then read back a Parcelable. For some reason, when I read the object back from the file, it's coming back as null.

public void testFoo() {
    final Foo orig = new Foo("blah blah");

    // Wrote orig to a parcel and then byte array
    final Parcel p1 = Parcel.obtain();
    p1.writeValue(orig);
    final byte[] bytes = p1.marshall();


    // Check to make sure that the byte array seems to contain a Parcelable
    assertEquals(4, bytes[0]); // Parcel.VAL_PARCELABLE


    // Unmarshall a Foo from that byte array
    final Parcel p2 = Parcel.obtain();
    p2.unmarshall(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
    final Foo result = (Foo) p2.readValue(Foo.class.getClassLoader());


    assertNotNull(result); // FAIL
    assertEquals( orig.str, result.str );
}


protected static class Foo implements Parcelable {
    protected static final Parcelable.Creator<Foo> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<Foo>() {
        public Foo createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
            final Foo f = new Foo();
            f.str = (String) source.readValue(Foo.class.getClassLoader());
            return f;
        }

        public Foo[] newArray(int size) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

    };


    public String str;

    public Foo() {
    }

    public Foo( String s ) {
        str = s;
    }

    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int ignored) {
        dest.writeValue(str);
    }


}

What am I missing?

UPDATE: To simplify the test I've removed the reading and writing of files in my original example.

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评论（5）

嗫嚅 2024-08-15 12:43:23

啊，终于找到问题了。事实上有两个。

  1. CREATOR 必须是公开的，而不是受保护的。但更重要的是，
  2. 您必须在解组数据后调用 setDataPosition(0)。

这是修改后的工作代码：

public void testFoo() {
    final Foo orig = new Foo("blah blah");
    final Parcel p1 = Parcel.obtain();
    final Parcel p2 = Parcel.obtain();
    final byte[] bytes;
    final Foo result;

    try {
        p1.writeValue(orig);
        bytes = p1.marshall();

        // Check to make sure that the byte stream seems to contain a Parcelable
        assertEquals(4, bytes[0]); // Parcel.VAL_PARCELABLE

        p2.unmarshall(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
        p2.setDataPosition(0);
        result = (Foo) p2.readValue(Foo.class.getClassLoader());

    } finally {
        p1.recycle();
        p2.recycle();
    }


    assertNotNull(result);
    assertEquals( orig.str, result.str );

}

protected static class Foo implements Parcelable {
    public static final Parcelable.Creator<Foo> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<Foo>() {
        public Foo createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
            final Foo f = new Foo();
            f.str = (String) source.readValue(Foo.class.getClassLoader());
            return f;
        }

        public Foo[] newArray(int size) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

    };


    public String str;

    public Foo() {
    }

    public Foo( String s ) {
        str = s;
    }

    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int ignored) {
        dest.writeValue(str);
    }


}

Ah, I finally found the problem. There were two in fact.

  1. CREATOR must be public, not protected. But more importantly,
  2. You must call setDataPosition(0) after unmarshalling your data.

Here is the revised, working code:

public void testFoo() {
    final Foo orig = new Foo("blah blah");
    final Parcel p1 = Parcel.obtain();
    final Parcel p2 = Parcel.obtain();
    final byte[] bytes;
    final Foo result;

    try {
        p1.writeValue(orig);
        bytes = p1.marshall();

        // Check to make sure that the byte stream seems to contain a Parcelable
        assertEquals(4, bytes[0]); // Parcel.VAL_PARCELABLE

        p2.unmarshall(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
        p2.setDataPosition(0);
        result = (Foo) p2.readValue(Foo.class.getClassLoader());

    } finally {
        p1.recycle();
        p2.recycle();
    }


    assertNotNull(result);
    assertEquals( orig.str, result.str );

}

protected static class Foo implements Parcelable {
    public static final Parcelable.Creator<Foo> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<Foo>() {
        public Foo createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
            final Foo f = new Foo();
            f.str = (String) source.readValue(Foo.class.getClassLoader());
            return f;
        }

        public Foo[] newArray(int size) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

    };


    public String str;

    public Foo() {
    }

    public Foo( String s ) {
        str = s;
    }

    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int ignored) {
        dest.writeValue(str);
    }


}
回复 原文
梦魇绽荼蘼 2024-08-15 12:43:23

提防！不要使用 Parcel 序列化到文件

Parcel 不是通用的序列化机制。该类（以及用于将任意对象放入 Parcel 的相应 Parcelable API）被设计为高性能 IPC 传输。因此，将任何 Parcel 数据放入持久存储中是不合适的：Parcel 中任何数据的底层实现的更改都可能导致旧数据不可读。

来自 http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/Parcel。 html

Beware! Dont use Parcel for serialization to a file

Parcel is not a general-purpose serialization mechanism. This class (and the corresponding Parcelable API for placing arbitrary objects into a Parcel) is designed as a high-performance IPC transport. As such, it is not appropriate to place any Parcel data in to persistent storage: changes in the underlying implementation of any of the data in the Parcel can render older data unreadable.

from http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/Parcel.html

回复 原文
如果没有你 2024-08-15 12:43:23

我发现 Parcelable 最常在 Android 中的数据包中使用，但更具体地说，是在发送和接收消息的处理程序中使用。例如，您可能有一个 AsyncTask 或 Runnable 需要在后台运行，但将结果数据发布到主线程或 Activity 。

这是一个简单的例子。如果我有一个如下所示的 Runnable：

package com.example;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;

import com.example.data.ProductInfo;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
import com.squareup.okhttp.OkHttpClient;

public class AsyncRunnableExample extends Thread {
    public static final String KEY = "AsyncRunnableExample_MSG_KEY";

    private static final String TAG = AsyncRunnableExample.class.getSimpleName();
    private static final TypeToken<ProductInfo> PRODUCTINFO =
              new TypeToken<ProductInfo>() {
              };
    private static final Gson GSON = new Gson();

    private String productCode;
    OkHttpClient client;
    Handler handler;

    public AsyncRunnableExample(Handler handler, String productCode)
    {
        this.handler = handler;
        this.productCode = productCode;
        client = new OkHttpClient();
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        String url = "http://someserver/api/" + productCode;

        try
        {
            HttpURLConnection connection = client.open(new URL(url));
            InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);

            // Deserialize HTTP response to concrete type.
            ProductInfo info = GSON.fromJson(isr, PRODUCTINFO.getType());

            Message msg = new Message();
            Bundle b = new Bundle();
            b.putParcelable(KEY, info);
            msg.setData(b);
            handler.sendMessage(msg);

        }
        catch (Exception err)
        {
            Log.e(TAG, err.toString());
        }

    }
}

如您所见，此 Runnable 在其构造函数中采用 Handler。这是从一些 Activity 中调用的，如下所示：

static class MyInnerHandler extends Handler{
        WeakReference<MainActivity> mActivity;

        MyInnerHandler(MainActivity activity) {
            mActivity = new WeakReference<MainActivity>(activity);
        }

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            MainActivity theActivity = mActivity.get();
            ProductInfo info = (ProductInfo) msg.getData().getParcelable(AsyncRunnableExample.KEY);

            // use the data from the Parcelable 'ProductInfo' class here

            }
        }
    }
    private MyInnerHandler myHandler = new MyInnerHandler(this);

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        AsyncRunnableExample thread = new AsyncRunnableExample(myHandler, barcode.getText().toString());
        thread.start();
    }

现在，剩下的就是这个问题的核心，即如何将类定义为 Parcelable。我选择了一个相当复杂的类来展示，因为有些事情在简单的类中是看不到的。下面是 ProductInfo 类，它可以干净地进行 Parcel 和 unParcels：

public class ProductInfo implements Parcelable {

    private String brand;
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private String description;
    private String slug;
    private String layout; 
    private String large_image_url;
    private String render_image_url;
    private String small_image_url;
    private Double price;
    private String public_url;
    private ArrayList<ImageGroup> images;
    private ArrayList<ProductInfo> related;
    private Double saleprice;
    private String sizes;
    private String colours;
    private String header;
    private String footer;
    private Long productcode;

    // getters and setters omitted here

    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeLong(id);
        dest.writeString(name);
        dest.writeString(description);
        dest.writeString(slug);
        dest.writeString(layout);
        dest.writeString(large_image_url);
        dest.writeString(render_image_url);
        dest.writeString(small_image_url);
        dest.writeDouble(price);
        dest.writeString(public_url);
        dest.writeParcelableArray((ImageGroup[])images.toArray(), flags);
        dest.writeParcelableArray((ProductInfo[])related.toArray(), flags);
        dest.writeDouble(saleprice);
        dest.writeString(sizes);
        dest.writeString(colours);
        dest.writeString(header);
        dest.writeString(footer);
        dest.writeLong(productcode);
    }

    public ProductInfo(Parcel in)
    {
        id = in.readLong();
        name = in.readString();
        description = in.readString();
        slug = in.readString();
        layout = in.readString();
        large_image_url = in.readString();
        render_image_url = in.readString();
        small_image_url = in.readString();
        price = in.readDouble();
        public_url = in.readString();
        images = in.readArrayList(ImageGroup.class.getClassLoader());
        related = in.readArrayList(ProductInfo.class.getClassLoader());
        saleprice = in.readDouble();
        sizes = in.readString();
        colours = in.readString();
        header = in.readString();
        footer = in.readString();
        productcode = in.readLong();
    }

    public static final Parcelable.Creator<ProductInfo> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<ProductInfo>() {
        public ProductInfo createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
            return new ProductInfo(in); 
        }

        public ProductInfo[] newArray(int size) {
            return new ProductInfo[size];
        }
    };

    @Override
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }
}

CREATOR 至关重要，生成的构造函数采用 Parcel 也是如此。我包含了更复杂的数据类型，以便您可以了解如何对可 Parcelable 对象的数组进行 Parcel 和 unParcel 数组。当使用 Gson 将 JSON 转换为具有子对象的对象时，这是很常见的事情，如本例所示。

I find that Parcelable is most often used in Android within data Bundles, but more specifically within a Handler that is sending and receiving messages. As an example, you might have an AsyncTask or a Runnable that needs to run in the background but post resulting data to the Main thread or Activity.

Here's a simple example. If I have a Runnable that looks like this:

package com.example;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;

import com.example.data.ProductInfo;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
import com.squareup.okhttp.OkHttpClient;

public class AsyncRunnableExample extends Thread {
    public static final String KEY = "AsyncRunnableExample_MSG_KEY";

    private static final String TAG = AsyncRunnableExample.class.getSimpleName();
    private static final TypeToken<ProductInfo> PRODUCTINFO =
              new TypeToken<ProductInfo>() {
              };
    private static final Gson GSON = new Gson();

    private String productCode;
    OkHttpClient client;
    Handler handler;

    public AsyncRunnableExample(Handler handler, String productCode)
    {
        this.handler = handler;
        this.productCode = productCode;
        client = new OkHttpClient();
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        String url = "http://someserver/api/" + productCode;

        try
        {
            HttpURLConnection connection = client.open(new URL(url));
            InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);

            // Deserialize HTTP response to concrete type.
            ProductInfo info = GSON.fromJson(isr, PRODUCTINFO.getType());

            Message msg = new Message();
            Bundle b = new Bundle();
            b.putParcelable(KEY, info);
            msg.setData(b);
            handler.sendMessage(msg);

        }
        catch (Exception err)
        {
            Log.e(TAG, err.toString());
        }

    }
}

As you can see, this runnable takes a Handler in its constructor. This is called from some Activity like this:

static class MyInnerHandler extends Handler{
        WeakReference<MainActivity> mActivity;

        MyInnerHandler(MainActivity activity) {
            mActivity = new WeakReference<MainActivity>(activity);
        }

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            MainActivity theActivity = mActivity.get();
            ProductInfo info = (ProductInfo) msg.getData().getParcelable(AsyncRunnableExample.KEY);

            // use the data from the Parcelable 'ProductInfo' class here

            }
        }
    }
    private MyInnerHandler myHandler = new MyInnerHandler(this);

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        AsyncRunnableExample thread = new AsyncRunnableExample(myHandler, barcode.getText().toString());
        thread.start();
    }

Now, all that is left is the heart of this question, how you define a class as Parcelable. I've chosen a fairly complex class to show because there are some things you would not see with a simple one. Here is the ProductInfo class, which Parcels and unParcels cleanly:

public class ProductInfo implements Parcelable {

    private String brand;
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private String description;
    private String slug;
    private String layout; 
    private String large_image_url;
    private String render_image_url;
    private String small_image_url;
    private Double price;
    private String public_url;
    private ArrayList<ImageGroup> images;
    private ArrayList<ProductInfo> related;
    private Double saleprice;
    private String sizes;
    private String colours;
    private String header;
    private String footer;
    private Long productcode;

    // getters and setters omitted here

    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeLong(id);
        dest.writeString(name);
        dest.writeString(description);
        dest.writeString(slug);
        dest.writeString(layout);
        dest.writeString(large_image_url);
        dest.writeString(render_image_url);
        dest.writeString(small_image_url);
        dest.writeDouble(price);
        dest.writeString(public_url);
        dest.writeParcelableArray((ImageGroup[])images.toArray(), flags);
        dest.writeParcelableArray((ProductInfo[])related.toArray(), flags);
        dest.writeDouble(saleprice);
        dest.writeString(sizes);
        dest.writeString(colours);
        dest.writeString(header);
        dest.writeString(footer);
        dest.writeLong(productcode);
    }

    public ProductInfo(Parcel in)
    {
        id = in.readLong();
        name = in.readString();
        description = in.readString();
        slug = in.readString();
        layout = in.readString();
        large_image_url = in.readString();
        render_image_url = in.readString();
        small_image_url = in.readString();
        price = in.readDouble();
        public_url = in.readString();
        images = in.readArrayList(ImageGroup.class.getClassLoader());
        related = in.readArrayList(ProductInfo.class.getClassLoader());
        saleprice = in.readDouble();
        sizes = in.readString();
        colours = in.readString();
        header = in.readString();
        footer = in.readString();
        productcode = in.readLong();
    }

    public static final Parcelable.Creator<ProductInfo> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<ProductInfo>() {
        public ProductInfo createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
            return new ProductInfo(in); 
        }

        public ProductInfo[] newArray(int size) {
            return new ProductInfo[size];
        }
    };

    @Override
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }
}

The CREATOR is critical, as is the resulting constructor taking a Parcel. I included the more complex data types so you could see how to Parcel and unParcel Arrays of Parcelable objects. This is a common thing when using Gson to convert JSON into objects with children as in this example.

回复 原文
与君绝 2024-08-15 12:43:23

要更好地理解包裹概念，请尝试以下链接

http://prasanta-paul.blogspot.com/ 2010/06/android-parcelable-example.html

希望这有帮助:)

To get a better understanding of the Parcel concept Try the below Link

http://prasanta-paul.blogspot.com/2010/06/android-parcelable-example.html

hope this helps :)

回复 原文
想挽留 2024-08-15 12:43:23

我也有类似的问题。只有以下来自 emmby 和 this 的片段帮助了我。

    public static final Parcelable.Creator<Foo> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<Foo>() {
        public Foo createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
            final Foo f = new Foo();
            f.str = (String) source.readValue(Foo.class.getClassLoader());
            return f;
        }

        public Foo[] newArray(int size) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

它应该保存在每个实现 Parcelable 的类中

I too had similar problem. only the following snippet from emmby and this helped me out.

    public static final Parcelable.Creator<Foo> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<Foo>() {
        public Foo createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
            final Foo f = new Foo();
            f.str = (String) source.readValue(Foo.class.getClassLoader());
            return f;
        }

        public Foo[] newArray(int size) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

It should be kept in each of the class that implements Parcelable

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