SAS Proc SQL 合并时是否使用索引

发布于 2024-08-08 07:39:22 字数 1361 浏览 1 评论 0原文

考虑以下(诚然很长)的示例。

示例代码创建两个数据集,数据一具有“关键”变量 i、j、k,数据二具有关键变量 j、k 和“值”变量 x。我想尽可能有效地合并这两个数据集。两个数据集都根据 j 和 k 进行索引:不需要第一个数据的索引,但无论如何它都在那里。

Proc SQL 不使用数据二中的索引,我想如果数据位于关系数据库中就会出现这种情况。这只是我必须接受的查询优化器的限制吗?

编辑:这个问题的答案是肯定的,SAS可以使用索引来优化PROC SQL连接。在以下示例中,数据集的相对大小很重要:如果修改代码以使数据二变得相对大于数据一,则将使用索引。数据集是否排序并不重要。

* Just to control the size of the data;
%let j_max=10000;

* Create data sets;
data one;
    do i=1 to 3;
        do j=1 to &j_max;
            do k=1 to 4;
                if ranuni(0)<0.9 then output;
            end;
        end;
    end;
run;

data two;
    do j=1 to &j_max;
        do k=1 to 4;
            x=ranuni(0);
            if ranuni(0)<0.9 then output;
        end;
    end;
run;

* Create indices;
proc datasets library=work nolist;
    modify one;
    index create idx_j_k=(j k);
    modify two;
    index create idx_j_k=(j k) / unique;
run;quit;

* Test the use of an index for the other data set:
* Log should display "INFO: Index idx_j_k selected for WHERE clause optimization.";
options msglevel=i;
data _null_;
    set two(where=(j<100));
run;

* Merge the data sets with proc sql - no index is used;
proc sql;
    create table onetwo as
    select
        one.*,
        two.x
    from one, two
    where
        one.j=two.j and
        one.k=two.k;
quit;

Consider the following (admittedly long) example.

The sample code creates two data sets, data one with "key" variables i,j,k and data two with key variables j,k and a "value" variable x. I'd like to merge these two data sets as efficiently as possible. Both of the data sets are indexed with respect to j and k: the index for the first data should not be needed but it's there anyway.

Proc SQL does not use the index in the data two, which I suppose would be the case if the data were in a relational database. Is this just a limitation of the query optimizer I have to accept?

EDIT: The answer to this question is yes, SAS can use an index to optimize a PROC SQL join. In the following example, the relative sizes of the data sets matters: If you modify the code so that data two becomes relatively larger than data one, index will be used. Whether the data sets are sorted or not, does not matter.

* Just to control the size of the data;
%let j_max=10000;

* Create data sets;
data one;
    do i=1 to 3;
        do j=1 to &j_max;
            do k=1 to 4;
                if ranuni(0)<0.9 then output;
            end;
        end;
    end;
run;

data two;
    do j=1 to &j_max;
        do k=1 to 4;
            x=ranuni(0);
            if ranuni(0)<0.9 then output;
        end;
    end;
run;

* Create indices;
proc datasets library=work nolist;
    modify one;
    index create idx_j_k=(j k);
    modify two;
    index create idx_j_k=(j k) / unique;
run;quit;

* Test the use of an index for the other data set:
* Log should display "INFO: Index idx_j_k selected for WHERE clause optimization.";
options msglevel=i;
data _null_;
    set two(where=(j<100));
run;

* Merge the data sets with proc sql - no index is used;
proc sql;
    create table onetwo as
    select
        one.*,
        two.x
    from one, two
    where
        one.j=two.j and
        one.k=two.k;
quit;

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似梦非梦 2024-08-15 07:39:22

您可能正在比较苹果和橙子。对于使用 proc sql 进行的联接,索引可能没有帮助,因为观察值已经按 j 和 k 排序,并且有比使用索引更快的“合并”方法。

另一方面,对于使用 data _null_ 步骤进行的子集化,j 上的索引肯定会有所帮助。如果您对 proc sql 进行相同的子集设置,您将看到它正在使用索引。

proc sql;
  select * from two where j < 100;
quit;
/* on log
INFO: Index idx_j_k selected for WHERE clause optimization.
*/

顺便说一句,您可以使用未记录的 _method 选项来检查 proc sql 如何执行查询。在我的 Windows 上的 sas 9.2 上,它报告它正在执行所谓的“散列连接”:

proc sql _method;
  create table onetwo as
  select
    one.*,
    two.x
  from one, two
  where
    one.j=two.j and
    one.k=two.k;
quit;

/* on log
NOTE: SQL execution methods chosen are:

  sqxcrta
      sqxjhsh
          sqxsrc( WORK.ONE )
          sqxsrc( WORK.TWO )
*/

请参阅 Paul Kent 的 技术说明了解更多信息。

You may be comparing apples and oranges. For the join you do with proc sql, the index may not help because the observations are already ordered by j and k and there are faster ways to do "merging" than using indices.

For the subsetting you do with the data _null_ step, on the other hand, an index on j would surely help. If you do the same subsetting with the proc sql, you will see that it is using the index.

proc sql;
  select * from two where j < 100;
quit;
/* on log
INFO: Index idx_j_k selected for WHERE clause optimization.
*/

By the way, you can use the undocumented _method option to examine how proc sql executes your query. On my sas 9.2 on windows, it reports that it is doing what is called a "hash join":

proc sql _method;
  create table onetwo as
  select
    one.*,
    two.x
  from one, two
  where
    one.j=two.j and
    one.k=two.k;
quit;

/* on log
NOTE: SQL execution methods chosen are:

  sqxcrta
      sqxjhsh
          sqxsrc( WORK.ONE )
          sqxsrc( WORK.TWO )
*/

See Paul Kent's Tech note for more information .

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