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使用 union 调用 PInvoke 结构时，使用 StructLayout( LayoutKind.Explicit ) 做错了什么？

发布于 2024-08-08 06:55:48 字数 3591 浏览 6 评论 0原文

下面是一个完整的程序。只要您不取消顶部的“#define BROKEN”注释，它就可以正常工作。该中断是由于 PInvoke 未能正确编组联合造成的。相关的 INPUT_RECORD 结构具有许多可能使用的子结构，具体取决于 EventType 中的值。

我不明白的是，当我仅定义 KEY_EVENT_RECORD 的单个子结构时，它与偏移量 4 处的显式声明一起使用。但是当我在同一偏移量处添加其他结构时，结构的内容得到完全冲洗。

//UNCOMMENT THIS LINE TO BREAK IT:
//#define BROKEN

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

class ConIOBroken
{
    static void Main()
    {
        int nRead = 0;
        IntPtr handle = GetStdHandle(-10 /*STD_INPUT_HANDLE*/);
        Console.Write("Press the letter: 'a': ");

        INPUT_RECORD record = new INPUT_RECORD();
        do
        {
            ReadConsoleInputW(handle, ref record, 1, ref nRead);
        } while (record.EventType != 0x0001/*KEY_EVENT*/);

        Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0001, record.EventType);
        Assert.AreEqual(true, record.KeyEvent.bKeyDown);
        Assert.AreEqual(0x00000000, record.KeyEvent.dwControlKeyState & ~0x00000020);//strip num-lock and test
        Assert.AreEqual('a', record.KeyEvent.UnicodeChar);
        Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0001, record.KeyEvent.wRepeatCount);
        Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0041, record.KeyEvent.wVirtualKeyCode);
        Assert.AreEqual((short)0x001e, record.KeyEvent.wVirtualScanCode);
    }

    static class Assert { public static void AreEqual(object x, object y) { if (!x.Equals(y)) throw new ApplicationException(); } }

    [DllImport("Kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(int nStdHandle);

    [DllImport("Kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool ReadConsoleInputW(IntPtr hConsoleInput, ref INPUT_RECORD lpBuffer, int nLength, ref int lpNumberOfEventsRead);

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
    public struct INPUT_RECORD
    {
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public short EventType;
        //union {
        [FieldOffset(4)]
        public KEY_EVENT_RECORD KeyEvent;
#if BROKEN
        [FieldOffset(4)]
        public MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD MouseEvent;
        [FieldOffset(4)]
        public WINDOW_BUFFER_SIZE_RECORD WindowBufferSizeEvent;
        [FieldOffset(4)]
        public MENU_EVENT_RECORD MenuEvent;
        [FieldOffset(4)]
        public FOCUS_EVENT_RECORD FocusEvent;
        //}
#endif
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct KEY_EVENT_RECORD
    {
        public bool bKeyDown;
        public short wRepeatCount;
        public short wVirtualKeyCode;
        public short wVirtualScanCode;
        public char UnicodeChar;
        public int dwControlKeyState;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD
    {
        public COORD dwMousePosition;
        public int dwButtonState;
        public int dwControlKeyState;
        public int dwEventFlags;
    };

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct WINDOW_BUFFER_SIZE_RECORD
    {
        public COORD dwSize;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct MENU_EVENT_RECORD
    {
        public int dwCommandId;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct FOCUS_EVENT_RECORD
    {
        public bool bSetFocus;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct COORD
    {
        public short X;
        public short Y;
    }
}

更新：

对于那些担心结构声明本身的人：

  1. bool 被视为 32 位值，
  2. 数据上使用 offset(4) 的原因是允许 32 位结构对齐，从而防止从偏移量 2 开始并集。

同样，我的问题根本不是让 PInvoke 工作，而是试图找出为什么这些附加结构（假定在相同的偏移量处）通过简单地相加而弄乱了数据。

原文

The following is a complete program. It works fine as long as you don't uncomment the '#define BROKEN' at the top. The break is due to a PInvoke failing to marshal a union correctly. The INPUT_RECORD structure in question has a number of substructures that might be used depending on the value in EventType.

What I don't understand is that when I define only the single child structure of KEY_EVENT_RECORD it works with the explicit declaration at offset 4. But when I add the other structures at the same offset the structure's content get's totally hosed.

//UNCOMMENT THIS LINE TO BREAK IT:
//#define BROKEN

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

class ConIOBroken
{
    static void Main()
    {
        int nRead = 0;
        IntPtr handle = GetStdHandle(-10 /*STD_INPUT_HANDLE*/);
        Console.Write("Press the letter: 'a': ");

        INPUT_RECORD record = new INPUT_RECORD();
        do
        {
            ReadConsoleInputW(handle, ref record, 1, ref nRead);
        } while (record.EventType != 0x0001/*KEY_EVENT*/);

        Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0001, record.EventType);
        Assert.AreEqual(true, record.KeyEvent.bKeyDown);
        Assert.AreEqual(0x00000000, record.KeyEvent.dwControlKeyState & ~0x00000020);//strip num-lock and test
        Assert.AreEqual('a', record.KeyEvent.UnicodeChar);
        Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0001, record.KeyEvent.wRepeatCount);
        Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0041, record.KeyEvent.wVirtualKeyCode);
        Assert.AreEqual((short)0x001e, record.KeyEvent.wVirtualScanCode);
    }

    static class Assert { public static void AreEqual(object x, object y) { if (!x.Equals(y)) throw new ApplicationException(); } }

    [DllImport("Kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(int nStdHandle);

    [DllImport("Kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool ReadConsoleInputW(IntPtr hConsoleInput, ref INPUT_RECORD lpBuffer, int nLength, ref int lpNumberOfEventsRead);

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
    public struct INPUT_RECORD
    {
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public short EventType;
        //union {
        [FieldOffset(4)]
        public KEY_EVENT_RECORD KeyEvent;
#if BROKEN
        [FieldOffset(4)]
        public MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD MouseEvent;
        [FieldOffset(4)]
        public WINDOW_BUFFER_SIZE_RECORD WindowBufferSizeEvent;
        [FieldOffset(4)]
        public MENU_EVENT_RECORD MenuEvent;
        [FieldOffset(4)]
        public FOCUS_EVENT_RECORD FocusEvent;
        //}
#endif
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct KEY_EVENT_RECORD
    {
        public bool bKeyDown;
        public short wRepeatCount;
        public short wVirtualKeyCode;
        public short wVirtualScanCode;
        public char UnicodeChar;
        public int dwControlKeyState;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD
    {
        public COORD dwMousePosition;
        public int dwButtonState;
        public int dwControlKeyState;
        public int dwEventFlags;
    };

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct WINDOW_BUFFER_SIZE_RECORD
    {
        public COORD dwSize;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct MENU_EVENT_RECORD
    {
        public int dwCommandId;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct FOCUS_EVENT_RECORD
    {
        public bool bSetFocus;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct COORD
    {
        public short X;
        public short Y;
    }
}

UPDATE:

For those worried about the struct declarations themselves:

  1. bool is treated as a 32-bit value
  2. the reason for offset(4) on the data is to allow for the 32-bit structure alignment which prevents the union from beginning at offset 2.

Again, my problem isn't making PInvoke work at all, it's trying to figure out why these additional structures (supposedly at the same offset) are fowling up the data by simply adding them.

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评论（6）

各空 2024-08-15 06:55:48

我相信如果你将 bSetFocus 和 dwCommandId 设置为 uint 类型，它就会起作用。

将来，请查看 PInvoke wiki 以获取正确的签名。它通常是准确的，或者至少是一个很好的起点。

I believe it will work if you make bSetFocus and dwCommandId of type uint.

In the future, check out the PInvoke wiki for the proper signatures. It's usually accurate or, at the very least, a good starting point.

回复 原文
帥小哥 2024-08-15 06:55:48

//UNCOMMENT THIS LINE TO BREAK IT:
//#define BROKEN



使用系统；
使用 System.Runtime.InteropServices；



 ConIOBroken 类
{
    静态无效Main()
    {
        int nRead = 0;
        IntPtr 句柄 = GetStdHandle(-10 /STD_INPUT_HANDLE/);
        Console.Write("按字母：'a'：");



    INPUT_RECORD record = new INPUT_RECORD();
    do
    {
        ReadConsoleInputW(handle, ref record, 1, ref nRead);
    } while (record.EventType != 0x0001/*KEY_EVENT*/);

    Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0001, record.EventType);
    Assert.AreEqual(1u, record.KeyEvent.bKeyDown);
    Assert.AreEqual(0x00000000, record.KeyEvent.dwControlKeyState & ~0x00000020);//strip num-lock and test
    Assert.AreEqual('a', record.KeyEvent.UnicodeChar);
    Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0001, record.KeyEvent.wRepeatCount);
    Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0041, record.KeyEvent.wVirtualKeyCode);
    Assert.AreEqual((short)0x001e, record.KeyEvent.wVirtualScanCode);
    return;
}

static class Assert { public static void AreEqual(object x, object y) { if (!x.Equals(y)) throw new ApplicationException(); } }

[DllImport("Kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(int nStdHandle);

[DllImport("Kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool ReadConsoleInputW(IntPtr hConsoleInput, ref INPUT_RECORD lpBuffer, int nLength, ref int lpNumberOfEventsRead);

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
public struct INPUT_RECORD
{
    [FieldOffset(0)]
    public short EventType;
    //union {
    [FieldOffset(4)]
    public KEY_EVENT_RECORD KeyEvent;
    [FieldOffset(4)]
    public MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD MouseEvent;
    [FieldOffset(4)]
    public WINDOW_BUFFER_SIZE_RECORD WindowBufferSizeEvent;
    [FieldOffset(4)]
    public MENU_EVENT_RECORD MenuEvent;
    [FieldOffset(4)]
    public FOCUS_EVENT_RECORD FocusEvent;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct KEY_EVENT_RECORD
{
    public uint bKeyDown;
    public short wRepeatCount;
    public short wVirtualKeyCode;
    public short wVirtualScanCode;
    public char UnicodeChar;
    public int dwControlKeyState;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD
{
    public COORD dwMousePosition;
    public int dwButtonState;
    public int dwControlKeyState;
    public int dwEventFlags;
};

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct WINDOW_BUFFER_SIZE_RECORD
{
    public COORD dwSize;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct MENU_EVENT_RECORD
{
    public int dwCommandId;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct FOCUS_EVENT_RECORD
{
    public uint bSetFocus;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct COORD
{
    public short X;
    public short Y;
}



 }








//UNCOMMENT THIS LINE TO BREAK IT:
//#define BROKEN



using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;



class ConIOBroken
{
    static void Main()
    {
        int nRead = 0;
        IntPtr handle = GetStdHandle(-10 /STD_INPUT_HANDLE/);
        Console.Write("Press the letter: 'a': ");



    INPUT_RECORD record = new INPUT_RECORD();
    do
    {
        ReadConsoleInputW(handle, ref record, 1, ref nRead);
    } while (record.EventType != 0x0001/*KEY_EVENT*/);

    Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0001, record.EventType);
    Assert.AreEqual(1u, record.KeyEvent.bKeyDown);
    Assert.AreEqual(0x00000000, record.KeyEvent.dwControlKeyState & ~0x00000020);//strip num-lock and test
    Assert.AreEqual('a', record.KeyEvent.UnicodeChar);
    Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0001, record.KeyEvent.wRepeatCount);
    Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0041, record.KeyEvent.wVirtualKeyCode);
    Assert.AreEqual((short)0x001e, record.KeyEvent.wVirtualScanCode);
    return;
}

static class Assert { public static void AreEqual(object x, object y) { if (!x.Equals(y)) throw new ApplicationException(); } }

[DllImport("Kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(int nStdHandle);

[DllImport("Kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool ReadConsoleInputW(IntPtr hConsoleInput, ref INPUT_RECORD lpBuffer, int nLength, ref int lpNumberOfEventsRead);

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
public struct INPUT_RECORD
{
    [FieldOffset(0)]
    public short EventType;
    //union {
    [FieldOffset(4)]
    public KEY_EVENT_RECORD KeyEvent;
    [FieldOffset(4)]
    public MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD MouseEvent;
    [FieldOffset(4)]
    public WINDOW_BUFFER_SIZE_RECORD WindowBufferSizeEvent;
    [FieldOffset(4)]
    public MENU_EVENT_RECORD MenuEvent;
    [FieldOffset(4)]
    public FOCUS_EVENT_RECORD FocusEvent;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct KEY_EVENT_RECORD
{
    public uint bKeyDown;
    public short wRepeatCount;
    public short wVirtualKeyCode;
    public short wVirtualScanCode;
    public char UnicodeChar;
    public int dwControlKeyState;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD
{
    public COORD dwMousePosition;
    public int dwButtonState;
    public int dwControlKeyState;
    public int dwEventFlags;
};

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct WINDOW_BUFFER_SIZE_RECORD
{
    public COORD dwSize;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct MENU_EVENT_RECORD
{
    public int dwCommandId;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct FOCUS_EVENT_RECORD
{
    public uint bSetFocus;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct COORD
{
    public short X;
    public short Y;
}



}
回复 原文
放肆 2024-08-15 06:55:48

1) public bool bKeyDown 应该是 Int32 bKeyDown 因为它是 c++ 中的 BOOL (4bytes)

2) public bool bSetFocus 应该是 Int32

1) public bool bKeyDown should be Int32 bKeyDown because it's a BOOL (4bytes) in c++

2) public bool bSetFocus should be Int32

回复 原文
微凉徒眸意 2024-08-15 06:55:48

想一想，如果你最后声明最大的字段会发生什么？也许 P/Invoke 正在复制到最后一个字段，该字段在较早的字段之前结束。

Just a thought, what happens if you declare the largest field last? Maybe P/Invoke is copying up to the last field, which ends before earlier fields.

回复 原文
双手揣兜 2024-08-15 06:55:48

尝试将手动计算的 Size 字段添加到 StructLayout 属性，如下所示：

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size=...)]

Try adding a manually calculated Size field to the StructLayout attribute, like this:

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size=...)]
回复 原文
你另情深 2024-08-15 06:55:48

带有 bool 的原始代码包含 13 个字节，从 FieldOffset(4) 开始 ...
从相同偏移量开始的 MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD 包含从相同偏移量开始的 16 个字节。

当您将 bool (1byte) 更改为 uint(4bytes) 时，您就组成了 3 个字节。

The original code with the bool contained 13 bytes, starting at FieldOffset(4) ...
The MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD starting at the same offset conatianed 16 bytes starting at the same offset.

When you changed the bool (1byte) to an uint(4bytes) you made up the 3 bytes.

回复 原文
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