图灵机指令表
图灵机的定义规定，禁止读取/修改其指令表（程序）。确切地说，图灵机无法访问它自己的程序。
如果削弱这一限制可以带来什么好处？如果机器可以分析和/或修改它的程序。这会扩展图灵可计算任务的类别吗？
The definitions of Turing Machine say that it is prohibited for one to read/modify it's instruction table (program). Exactly, Turing Machine has no access to it's own program.
What benefits can be achieved if one could weaken this restriction? If a machine could analise and/or modify it's program. Would that extend the class of turing-computable tasks?
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图灵机已经可以实现另一个图灵机，并更改其规则，例如将可修改的程序作为输入。特别是，图灵机可以计算任何可计算函数。理论上它可以实现一个 Lisp 解释器，其中包含宏、“自修改”代码等。
所以，答案是否。请记住，没有人，我的意思是在任何地方绝对没有人，曾经真正想要一台图灵机，尽管毫无疑问已经编写了无数的模拟器。 （我不会承认，但作为一个本科生我可能做过类似的事情......）这只是各种重要证明的基础。
The Turing machine can already implement another Turing machine, and change its rules, say, to take as input a modifiable program. In particular, the Turing machine can compute any computable function. It could in theory implement a lisp interpreter, which would have macros, "self-modifing" code, etc.
So, the answer is NO. Remember, no one, and I mean absolutely no one person anywhere, ever, has actually wanted a Turing machine, though no doubt zillions of simulators have been written. (I won't admit to it, but as an undergrad I may have done something like that...) It's just something that various important proofs are based on.
更完整地说：“通用图灵机”和“图灵“机器”之间是有区别的。普通图灵机有一个硬连线的规则集，所以不能自我修改。你所描述的是一个通用图灵机，它从用于 I/O 的同一磁带读取其规则集，并且能够修改该规则集。如果 UTM 能够从磁带重新加载（重新启动）已修改的规则集，那么它实际上已经是自我的。 -修改。
More completely: There's a difference between a "Universal Turing Machine" and a "Turing "Machine". An ordinary Turing Machine has a hardwired ruleset, so can't be self-modifying. What you've described is a Universal Turing Machine, which reads its ruleset off of the same tape that it uses for I/O, and has the ability to modify that ruleset. If the UTM has the ability to reload (reboot) that modified ruleset from tape, then it is in fact already self-modifying.