UDP套接字端口分配失败
我正在创建一个winsock UDP 程序。我正在使用的代码如下所示。
我总是收到端口分配错误。
我无法理解为什么分配的端口始终为零。如果有人可以帮助我解决这个问题......
void UDPecho(const char *, const char *);
void errexit(const char *, ...);
#define LINELEN 128
#define WSVERS MAKEWORD(2, 0)
void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char *host = "localhost";
char *service = "echo";
WSADATA wsadata;
switch (argc) {
case 1:
host = "localhost";
break;
case 3:
service = argv[2];
/* FALL THROUGH */
case 2:
host = argv[1];
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "usage: UDPecho [host [port]]\n");
exit(1);
}
if (WSAStartup(WSVERS, &wsadata))
errexit("WSAStartup failed\n");
UDPecho(host, service);
WSACleanup();
exit(0);
}
void UDPecho(const char *host, const char *service)
{
char buf[LINELEN+1];
SOCKET s;
int nchars;
struct hostent *phe;
struct servent *pse;
struct protoent *ppe;
struct sockaddr_in sin, my_sin;
int type, status, client_port, size;
char *transport = "udp";
memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(sin));
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
/* Map service name to port number */
if ( pse = getservbyname(service, transport) )
sin.sin_port = pse->s_port;
else if ( (sin.sin_port = htons((u_short)atoi(service)))== 0)
errexit("can't get \"%s\" service entry\n", service);
/* Map host name to IP address, allowing for dotted decimal */
if ( phe = gethostbyname(host) )
memcpy(&sin.sin_addr, phe->h_addr, phe->h_length);
else if ( (sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(host)) == INADDR_NONE)
errexit("can't get \"%s\" host entry\n", host);
printf("Our target server is at address %s\n", inet_ntoa(sin.sin_addr));
printf("The size of an FD set is %d\n", sizeof(FD_SET));
/* Map protocol name to protocol number */
if ( (ppe = getprotobyname(transport)) == 0)
errexit("can't get \"%s\" protocol entry\n", transport);
/* Use protocol to choose a socket type */
if (strcmp(transport, "udp") == 0)
type = SOCK_DGRAM;
else
type = SOCK_STREAM;
/* Allocate a socket */
s = socket(PF_INET, type, ppe->p_proto);
if (s == INVALID_SOCKET)
errexit("can't create socket: %d\n", GetLastError());
size = sizeof(sin);
memset(&my_sin, 0, sizeof(sin));
getsockname (s, (struct sockaddr *) &my_sin, &size);
client_port = ntohs(my_sin.sin_port);
if (client_port != 0)
printf ("We are using port %2d\n", client_port);
else {
printf("No port assigned yet\n");
}
}
void errexit(const char *format, ...)
{
va_list args;
va_start(args, format);
vfprintf(stderr, format, args);
va_end(args);
WSACleanup();
exit(1);
}
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UDP 不会绑定到侦听端口,直到您在套接字上发出
sendto()
或bind()
。后者允许您选择要侦听的端口。另一方面,Sendto()
将为您选择一个临时端口。我预计端口将保持为零,直到您执行这两件事之一。澄清
在发表一些评论后,我对此进行了更多研究。根据 单一 UNIX 规范 调用
socket() 的结果
是一个未绑定套接字。通过调用bind() 显式绑定套接字。
或隐式sendto()
。将套接字的名称视为包含其(地址族、协议、本地 IP 地址和本地端口号)的元组。前两个在
socket()
调用中指定,后两个通过调用bind()
指定。在无连接协议的情况下,在断开连接的套接字上调用sendto()
将导致隐式绑定到操作系统选择的端口号。最令人惊讶的是,我能找到的对此行为的唯一参考是
sendto()
的 Microsoft 文档。getsockname()
的单一 UNIX 规范指出:似乎成功返回未指定结果是“标准”行为...嗯...我尝试过的实现都成功返回,套接字地址为 0.0.0.0:0对应于具有未指定端口的
INADDR_ANY
。调用bind()
或sendto()
后,getsockname()
返回填充的套接字地址,尽管地址部分可能仍然是INADDR_ANY
。UDP doesn't bind to the listening port until you either issue a
sendto()
or abind()
on the socket. The latter lets you select the port that you want to listen on.Sendto()
, on the other hand, will pick an ephemeral port for you. I would expect that the port will remain zero until you do one of these two things.Clarification
I looked into this a little more after some of the comment. According to the Single UNIX Specification the result of calling
socket()
is an unbound socket. A socket is bound explicitly by callingbind()
or implicitlysendto()
.Think of a socket's name as a tuple containing its (Address Family, Protocol, local IP Address, and local Port Number). The first two are specified in the
socket()
call and the last two by callingbind()
. In the case of connectionless protocols, a call tosendto()
on a disconnected socket will result in an implicit bind to an OS chosen port number.The most surprising thing is that the only reference that I can find to this behavior is in the remarks section of the Microsoft documentation for
sendto()
.The Single UNIX Specification for
getsockname()
states:It seems that a successful return with an unspecified result is the "standard" behavior... hmmm... The implementations that I have tried all return successfully with a socket address of 0.0.0.0:0 which corresponds to
INADDR_ANY
with an unspecified port. After calling eitherbind()
orsendto()
,getsockname()
returns a populated socket address though the address portion might still beINADDR_ANY
.