Rails - link_to、路线和嵌套资源
根据我对边缘 Rails 上嵌套资源的理解,不应该
link_to 'User posts', @user.posts
指向
/users/:id/posts
?
routes.rb 文件包含
map.resources :users, :has_many => :posts
如果这不是默认行为,是否可以通过执行其他操作来完成?
As my understanding on nested resources, on edge Rails, should not
link_to 'User posts', @user.posts
point to
/users/:id/posts
?
The routes.rb file contains
map.resources :users, :has_many => :posts
If this is not the default behavior, can it be accomplished doing something else?
如果你对这篇内容有疑问,欢迎到本站社区发帖提问 参与讨论,获取更多帮助,或者扫码二维码加入 Web 技术交流群。
绑定邮箱获取回复消息
由于您还没有绑定你的真实邮箱,如果其他用户或者作者回复了您的评论,将不能在第一时间通知您!
发布评论
评论(4)
与 Rishav 一样:
这是来自我的博客的解释。
在 Rails 的早期,您可以这样编写路由:
这将尽职尽责地重定向到
PostsController
内的show
操作,并传递id< /code> 参数带有
@post.id
返回的值。典型的 302 响应。然后 Rails 1.2 出现并允许您使用路由助手,如下所示:
人们很高兴。
这实际上可以做同样的事情。这里的
post_path
将使用@post
对象构建一条看起来像这样的路由例如
/posts/1
,然后redirect_to
会向该路由发送回 302 响应,浏览器将遵循它。然后后来的版本(我不记得是哪一个)允许这样的语法:
人们第二次欢欣鼓舞。
神奇,但不是真的
虽然这看起来很神奇,但事实并非如此。这实际上是非常非常简洁的。
redirect_to
方法,与它的近亲link_to
和form_for
非常相似,都使用一个通用方法来构建 URL,称为url_for
。url_for
方法需要许多不同的各种对象,例如字符串、哈希甚至模型实例,如上面的示例所示。
那么它对这些对象所做的事情就非常简洁了。在上面的
redirect_to @post
调用的情况下,它会检查@post
对象,看到它是
Post
类的对象(无论如何,我们假设)并检查该对象是否已持久保存在数据库某处通过调用
persisted?
来实现。我所说的“持久化”是指 Ruby 对象在数据库中的某处具有匹配的记录。 Active Record 中的
persisted?
方法是这样实现的:如果对象不是通过诸如
Model.new
之类的调用创建的,那么它不会是一条新记录,如果没有调用它的destroy
方法,则不会毁掉了。如果这两种情况都为真,那么该对象很可能以记录的形式持久到数据库中。
如果已经持久化了,那么
url_for
就知道可以找到这个对象某处,并且可以找到它的地方很可能是在名为
post_path
的方法下。所以它调用这个方法,并传递该对象的
to_param
值通常是id
。简而言之,它有效地做到了这一点:
结果是这样的:
当调用该方法时,您会得到这个小字符串:
可爱!
这称为多态路由。您可以将对象传递给
redirect_to
、link_to
和form_for
等方法,它将尝试找出要使用的正确 URL。
form_for 的形式
现在,当您编写 Rails 代码时,您可能很久以前就已经使用过
form_for
了:当然,随着 Rails 的进步,您可以将其简化为:
因为表单是默认使用
POST
HTTP 方法,因此对posts_path
的请求将转到PostsController
的create
操作,而不是index
操作,如果它是GET
请求,则会产生这样的结果。但为什么要停在那里呢?为什么不直接写这个呢?
就我个人而言,如果事情这么简单,我认为没有理由不这样做。
form_for
方法在下面使用url_for
,就像redirect_to
确定表单应该去的位置。它知道@post
对象属于Post
类(我们再次假设)并且它检查对象是否已持久化。如果是,那么它将使用
post_path(@post)
。如果不是,则为posts_path
。form_for
方法本身会检查传入的对象是否也被持久化,如果是,那么它将默认为PUT
HTTP方法,否则为
POST
。因此,这就是
form_for
足够灵活的原因,可以在new
和edit
视图上拥有相同的语法。它变得越来越多如今,人们甚至将整个
form_for
标记放入单个部分中,并将其包含在new
和编辑
页面。更复杂的形式
因此,当您传递普通对象时
form_for
相当简单,但是如果您传递对象数组会发生什么?像这样,为了例如:
嗯,
url_for
和form_for
也都涵盖了这一点。url_for
方法检测到这是一个数组,并分离出每个部分并单独检查它们。首先,这是什么@post
东西?好吧,在这种情况下,我们假设它是一个持久化的Post
实例,并且 id 为 1。 其次,这是什么@comment
对象?它是一个尚未持久化到数据库的Comment
实例。url_for
在这里要做的就是通过将每个部分放入一个数组中,将其连接到一个路由方法中,然后使用必要的参数调用该路由方法,逐个构建 URL 帮助器方法。首先,它知道
@post
对象属于Post
类并且是持久的,因此 URL 帮助器将以post
开头。其次,它知道@comment
对象属于Comment
类,并且不持久化,因此comments
将遵循 URL 帮助程序构建中的post
。url_for
现在知道的部分是[:post, :comments]
。url_for
方法用下划线将这些单独的部分组合起来,使其成为post_comments
,然后附加_path
到最后,生成
post_comments_path
。然后,它仅将持久化对象传递给对该方法的调用,从而产生如下所示的调用:调用该方法会产生以下结果:
最好的部分?如果
@comment
对象不是持久对象,则form_for
仍会知道使用POST
,如果是,则使用PUT
是。一个好的需要记住的是,
form_for
始终适用于数组中指定的last 对象。它之前的对象只是它的筑巢,仅此而已。
添加的对象越多,
url_for
执行硬码并构建路径的次数就越多......尽管我建议这样做你只需将其保留为两部分。
符号表单
现在我们已经介绍了如何使用包含
form_for
对象的数组,让我们看一下另一种常见用法。一个数组包含至少一个 Symbol 对象,如下所示:
url_for
方法在这里所做的事情非常简单。它看到有一个Symbol
并按原样接受它。第一部分url
将与符号相同:admin
。此时url_for
知道的 URL 就是[:admin]
。然后 url_for 遍历数组的其余部分。在这种情况下,我们假设
@post
和@comment
都被持久化并且它们的 id 分别为 1 和 2。和以前一样的课程。
url_for
然后将post
添加到它正在构建的 URL,和
comment
,结果是[:admin, :post, :comment]
。然后加入,产生
admin_post_comment_path
方法,并且因为@post
和@comment
都保留在这里,它们被传入,导致这个方法调用:(
通常)变成这个路径:
您可以将多态路由的数组形式与
redirect_to
、link_to
和form_for
方法。应该还有其他的我现在不记得的方法也可以做到这一点...通常是 Rails 中通常需要 URL 的任何内容。
无需使用哈希在任何大于 2 的 Rails 版本中构建 URL;那是相当老派的。
相反,尝试一下您的多态路由新知识,并充分利用它。
Along the same lines as Rishav:
Here's an explanation from my blog.
Really early on in Rails, you would write routes like this:
What this would do is dutifully redirect to the
show
action inside thePostsController
and pass along theid
parameter with avalue of whatever
@post.id
returns. Typical 302 response.Then Rails 1.2 came along and allowed you to use routing helpers, like this:
And the people rejoiced.
This would do effectively the same thing.
post_path
here would build a route using the@post
object that would look somethinglike
/posts/1
and thenredirect_to
would send back a 302 response to that route and the browser would follow it.Then later versions (I can't remember which one), allowed syntax like this:
And the people rejoiced a second time.
Magic, but not really
While this seems like magic, it's not. What this is doing is actually very, very neat. The
redirect_to
method, much like its cousinslink_to
andform_for
all use a common method to build URLs, calledurl_for
. Theurl_for
method takes many differentvarieties of objects, such as strings, hashes or even instances of models, like in the example above.
What it does with these objects then, is quite neat. In the case of the
redirect_to @post
call above, it inspects the@post
object, sees that it is an object of the
Post
class (we assume, anyway) and checks to see if that object has been persisted in adatabase somewhere by calling
persisted?
on it.By "persisted", I mean that a Ruby object has a matching record in the database somewhere. The
persisted?
method in Active Record is implemented like this:If the object wasn't created through a call such as
Model.new
then it won't be a new record, and if it hasn't had thedestroy
method called on it won't bedestroyed either. If both of these cases are true, then that makes the object has most likely been persisted to the database in the form of a record.
If it has been persisted, then
url_for
knows that this object can be foundsomewhere, and that the place it can be found is most likely under a method called
post_path
. So it calls this method, and passesin the
to_param
value of this object which is usually theid
.In short, it's effectively doing this:
Which comes out to being this:
And when that method is called you would get this little string:
Lovely!
This is called polymorphic routing. You can pass an object to methods like
redirect_to
,link_to
andform_for
and it willattempt to work out the correct URL of what to use.
The form of form_for
Now, when you're coding Rails you may have used
form_for
like this a very long time ago:Of course, with advancements in Rails you could simplify it to this:
Because the form is going to default to having a
POST
HTTP method and therefore a request toposts_path
is going to go to thecreate
action ofPostsController
, rather than theindex
action, which is what would result if it were aGET
request.But why stop there? Why not just write this?
Personally, I see no reason not to... if it's something as simple as this. The
form_for
method usesurl_for
underneath, just likeredirect_to
to work out where the form should go. It knows that the@post
object is of thePost
class (again, we assume) and itchecks to see if the object is persisted. If it is, then it will use
post_path(@post)
. If it's not, thenposts_path
.The
form_for
method itself checks to see if the object passed in is persisted also, and if it is then it'll default to aPUT
HTTPmethod, otherwise a
POST
.So this is how
form_for
can be flexible enough to have an identical syntax on both anew
andedit
view. It's becoming more andmore common these days for people to even put their whole
form_for
tags into a single partial and include it in both thenew
andedit
pages.A more complex form
So
form_for
is fairly simple for when you pass a normal object, but what happens if you pass an array of objects? Like this, forinstance:
Well, both
url_for
andform_for
have you covered there too.The
url_for
method detects that this is an array and separates out each part and inspects them individually. First, what is this@post
thing? Well, in this case let's assume it's aPost
instance that is persisted and has the id of 1. Second, what is this@comment
object? It's aComment
instance that has not yet been persisted to the database.What
url_for
will do here is build up the URL helper method piece by piece by placing each part in an array, joining it into a routing method and then calling that routing method with the necessary arguments.First, it knows that the
@post
object is of thePost
class and is persisted, therefore the URL helper will begin withpost
. Second, it knows that the@comment
object is of theComment
class and is not persisted, and thereforecomments
will followpost
in the URL helper build. The parts thaturl_for
now knows about are[:post, :comments]
.The
url_for
method combines these individual parts with an underscore, so that it becomespost_comments
and then appends_path
to the end of that, resulting in
post_comments_path
. Then it passes in just the persisted objects to the call to that method, resulting in a call like this:Calling that method results in this:
Best part?
form_for
will still know to usePOST
if the@comment
object is not a persisted object, andPUT
if it is. A goodthing to remember is that the
form_for
is always for the last object specified in the array. The objects prior to it are just itsnesting, nothing more.
The more objects that are added, the more times
url_for
will do the hard yards and build the path out... although I recommend thatyou keep it to just two parts.
A symbolic form
Now that we've covered using an array containing objects for
form_for
, let's take a look at another common use. An array containingat least one Symbol object, like this:
What the
url_for
method does here is very simple. It sees that there's aSymbol
and takes it as it is. The first part of theurl
will simply be the same as the symbol:admin
. The URL thaturl_for
knows of at this point is just[:admin]
.Then
url_for
goes through the remaining parts of the array. In this case, let's assume both@post
and@comment
are persistedand that they have the ids of 1 and 2 respectively. Same classes as before.
url_for
then addspost
to the URL that it's building,and
comment
too, resulting in[:admin, :post, :comment]
.Then the joining happens, resulting in a method of
admin_post_comment_path
, and because both@post
and@comment
are persisted here,they're passed in, resulting in this method call:
Which (usually) turns into this path:
You can use the array form of polymorphic routing with the
redirect_to
,link_to
andform_for
methods. There's probably othermethods that I'm not remembering right now that can do it too... it's generally anything in Rails that would normally take a URL.
There's no need to build your URLs in any Rails version greater-than 2 using hashes; that's pretty old school.
Instead, experiment with your new knowledge of polymorphic routing and use it to the best of your advantage.
这应该有效:
有关更多详细信息,请访问:
http://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html
This should work:
for more details visit:
http://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html
link_to
使用url_for
使用polymorphic_url
。polymorphic_url
:使用活动记录对象的类名构建辅助方法
使用活动记录对象作为参数调用帮助器
因此,正如其他人所说,您应该使用:
其中路径是:
@user
的类 因为它是一个活动记录这构建了良好的帮助器方法。
link_to
usesurl_for
which usespolymorphic_url
.polymorphic_url
:builds the helper method, using the class name of active record objects
calls the helper with the active record objects as arguments
Therefore, as others said, you should use:
for which the path is:
@user
because it is an active recordThat builds the good helper method.
这是在最新的 Rails 中链接到嵌套资源的方法:
注意:这是部分内容,因此没有
@
。This is how to link to a nested resource in the latest Rails:
Note: This is in a partial so there isn't a
@
.