C++动态数组访问冲突

发布于 2024-08-06 05:50:01 字数 2662 浏览 15 评论 0原文

**** 对于原帖中关于 numCars 的混淆,我们深表歉意。我修改了代码,使其与原来的一致 *****

以下学术程序是原始问题的简化版本,但它重点关注我尚未解决的问题。该问题有 2 个类和一个 main 方法,这 2 个类由 Dealer 类和 Car 类组成。 Dealer 类有一个私有 Car* 指针,该指针在 Dealer 的构造函数中初始化为动态数组。当调用 Dealer 的 addCar 方法时,main 方法中出现该错误。 在 main 方法中,我有意将 Dealer 变量传递给 addCar(Dealer&d) 方法以模仿原始应用程序的结构。然后,addCar 方法调用 Dealer 的 addCar(const Car& car) 方法,当我执行 cars[numCars++]=car; 时,会发生访问冲突;你能解释一下为什么 cars[numCars++]=car 会导致访问冲突

/**********************************Dealer.h**************************/
#include <cstdlib>
#include "Car.h"

using namespace std;

class Dealer
{
    public:
        Dealer(int maxCars = DEFAULT_MAX_CARS)

:numCars(0) {cars = new Car[maxCars];}

        ~Dealer(){delete [] cars;}

        int getTotalCars() const { return numCars;}

        void addCar(const Car& car)
        {       
             cars[numCars++] = car; // Access Violation
        }

        Car* begin(){return cars;};

        Car* end(){ return cars + numCars;} 

setNumCars(int count){numCars = count;}

    private:
        static const int DEFAULT_MAX_CARS = 10;
        Car* cars;
        int numCars;
};

/**********************************Car.h**********************/
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>

using namespace std;


class Car{
    public:

        Car()
            : year(0), make(""), model("")
        {}

        Car(int year, string make, string model)
            : year(year), make(make), model(model)
        {}      

        string getMake() const {return make;}
        void setMake(string make){this->make=make;}

        string getModel() const {return model;}
        void setModel(string model){this->model=model;}

        int getYear() const {return year;}
        void setYear(int year){this->year=year;}

    private:
        int year;
        string make;
        string model;       
};


ostream& operator<< (ostream& out, const Car& car)
{
    out << car.getYear() << " " << car.getMake() << " " << car.getModel();
    return out;
}

/**********************************Main.cpp**********************/
#include &lt;cstdlib&gt;
#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include "Dealer.h"

using namespace std;

void addCar(Dealer& d);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    Dealer d;

    addCar(d);  

    system("PAUSE");
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

void addCar(Dealer& d)
{
    d = Dealer();

    d.addCar(Car(2007, "Honda", "Civic"));

    cout << d.getTotalCars() << " total cars" << endl;
}

**** Sorry for the confusion regarding numCars in the original post. I modified the code to be consistent with the original ******

The following academic program is a simplified version of the original problem but it focuses on the issue that I have yet to resolve. There are 2 classes and a main method to this problem and the 2 classes consist of a Dealer class and a Car class. The Dealer class has a private Car* pointer that is initialized to a dynamic array in the Dealer's constructor. The error occurs in the main method when the Dealer's addCar method is invoked.
In the main method I intentionally pass the Dealer variable to the addCar(Dealer& d) method to mimic the structure of the original application. The addCar method then invokes the Dealer's addCar(const Car& car) method where the access violation occurs when I execute cars[numCars++]=car; Can you explain why cars[numCars++]=car results in an access violation

/**********************************Dealer.h**************************/
#include <cstdlib>
#include "Car.h"

using namespace std;

class Dealer
{
    public:
        Dealer(int maxCars = DEFAULT_MAX_CARS)

:numCars(0)
{cars = new Car[maxCars];}

        ~Dealer(){delete [] cars;}

        int getTotalCars() const { return numCars;}

        void addCar(const Car& car)
        {       
             cars[numCars++] = car; // Access Violation
        }

        Car* begin(){return cars;};

        Car* end(){ return cars + numCars;} 

setNumCars(int count){numCars = count;}

    private:
        static const int DEFAULT_MAX_CARS = 10;
        Car* cars;
        int numCars;
};

/**********************************Car.h**********************/
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>

using namespace std;


class Car{
    public:

        Car()
            : year(0), make(""), model("")
        {}

        Car(int year, string make, string model)
            : year(year), make(make), model(model)
        {}      

        string getMake() const {return make;}
        void setMake(string make){this->make=make;}

        string getModel() const {return model;}
        void setModel(string model){this->model=model;}

        int getYear() const {return year;}
        void setYear(int year){this->year=year;}

    private:
        int year;
        string make;
        string model;       
};


ostream& operator<< (ostream& out, const Car& car)
{
    out << car.getYear() << " " << car.getMake() << " " << car.getModel();
    return out;
}

/**********************************Main.cpp**********************/
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include "Dealer.h"

using namespace std;

void addCar(Dealer& d);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    Dealer d;

    addCar(d);  

    system("PAUSE");
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

void addCar(Dealer& d)
{
    d = Dealer();

    d.addCar(Car(2007, "Honda", "Civic"));

    cout << d.getTotalCars() << " total cars" << endl;
}

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评论(6

半寸时光 2024-08-13 05:50:01
void addCar(const Car& car)
{
     cars[numCars++] = car; // Access Violation
}

您永远不会初始化 numCars - 它包含堆中的一些值,该值几乎肯定非零。这会导致您读取超出 cars 数组末尾并进入无法访问的内存。您应该在构造函数中将 numCars 设置为 0。

最重要的是,您应该在 addCar 中进行一些检查,以免超出 cars 数组。

编辑:

代码还有一些其他问题 - 例如,“d = Dealer();”创建一个新的 Dealer 并覆盖您通过引用 addCars 传递的经销商,这似乎不是您想要做的。

尝试向构造函数/析构函数添加一些额外的跟踪,以验证您认为正在调用的构造函数实际上是 - 看起来 Dealer() 应该使用您指定的默认参数调用构造函数,但如果不是,它就会获取默认构造函数。

void addCar(const Car& car)
{
     cars[numCars++] = car; // Access Violation
}

You never initialize numCars - it contains some value from the heap which is almost definitely non-zero. This causes you to read beyond the end of the cars array and into inaccessible memory. You should set numCars to 0 in your constructor.

On top of this, you should have some checks in addCar so that you don't overrun the cars array.

EDIT:

There are some other issues with the code - for instance, "d = Dealer();" creates a new Dealer and overwrites the one you pass by reference to addCars which doesn't seem to be what you want to do.

Try adding some additional tracing to the constructor/destructors to verify that the constructors you think are being called actually are - it appears that Dealer() should be invoking the constructor with a default argument you specified, but if not it is getting the default constructor.

冷︶言冷语的世界 2024-08-13 05:50:01

您没有在任何地方初始化 numCars,您应该将其设置为 0:

Dealer(int maxCars = DEFAULT_MAX_CARS) :
numCars(0)
{
    cars = new Car[maxCars];
}

您必须使用原始指针吗?为什么不把它包装起来并使用 std::vector 来代替呢?

You're not initializing numCars anywhere, you should set it to 0:

Dealer(int maxCars = DEFAULT_MAX_CARS) :
numCars(0)
{
    cars = new Car[maxCars];
}

Do you have to use raw pointers? Why not wrap it up and use std::vector instead?

那请放手 2024-08-13 05:50:01

上面的代码中没有任何内容初始化 Dealer::numCars。因此它可以是任何随机垃圾。

Nothing in the above code initializes Dealer::numCars. It can therefore be any random garbage.

笑咖 2024-08-13 05:50:01

也许我没有看到它,但你最初在哪里设置 numCars ?

Maybe I'm not seeing it but where do you initially set numCars?

情未る 2024-08-13 05:50:01

对我来说,这看起来像是内存泄漏,因为您没有释放 cars 指针所持有的先前内存:

setNumCars(0) {cars = new Car[maxCars];}

并且此代码确实应该防止溢出情况:

void addCar(const Car& car)        
{                                
   cars[numCars++] = car; // Access Violation        '
}

通过这样做:

void addCar(const Car& car)        
{                                
   if (numCars < maxCars)
      cars[numCars++] = car;        '
   else
      // throw and exception .....
      // or better still grow the cars buffer
}

This looks like a memory leak to me since, you don't release the previous memory held by the cars pointer:

setNumCars(0) {cars = new Car[maxCars];}

and this code should really should guard against the overflow condition:

void addCar(const Car& car)        
{                                
   cars[numCars++] = car; // Access Violation        '
}

by doing something like this:

void addCar(const Car& car)        
{                                
   if (numCars < maxCars)
      cars[numCars++] = car;        '
   else
      // throw and exception .....
      // or better still grow the cars buffer
}
冰魂雪魄 2024-08-13 05:50:01
cars[numCars++] = car; // Access Violation

从发布的代码中我没有看到任何问题。可能问题出在其他地方?

也许您可以尝试以下操作:

  • 将数组更改为向量并尝试使用 at() 捕获 out_of_range 异常。
    像这样:

     std::vector; myVec;
       尝试
       {
        int x = myVec.at(0);
    
       }
       catch(std::out_of_range&oor)
       {
            printf("\n超出范围");
       }
    
cars[numCars++] = car; // Access Violation

I don't see any problems from the posted code. May be problem is elsewhere ?

Probably you can try following:

  • change arrays to vector and try using at() to catch out_of_range exception.
    something like:

       std::vector<int> myVec;
       try
       {
        int x = myVec.at(0);
    
       }
       catch(std::out_of_range& oor)
       {
            printf("\nout of range ");
       }
    
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