如何动态分配矩阵?

发布于 2024-08-04 12:20:46 字数 221 浏览 6 评论 0原文

如何在 C++ 中动态分配二维矩阵? 我根据我已经知道的情况进行了尝试:

#include <iostream>

int main(){
    int rows;
    int cols;
    int * arr;
    arr = new int[rows][cols];
 }

它适用于一个参数,但现在适用于两个参数。我应该怎么办?

How do you dynamically allocate a 2D matrix in C++?
I have tried based on what I already know:

#include <iostream>

int main(){
    int rows;
    int cols;
    int * arr;
    arr = new int[rows][cols];
 }

It works for one parameter, but now for two. What should I do?

如果你对这篇内容有疑问,欢迎到本站社区发帖提问 参与讨论,获取更多帮助,或者扫码二维码加入 Web 技术交流群。

扫码二维码加入Web技术交流群

发布评论

需要 登录 才能够评论, 你可以免费 注册 一个本站的账号。

评论(11

迟月 2024-08-11 12:20:46

矩阵实际上可以表示为数组的数组。

int rows = ..., cols = ...;
int** matrix = new int*[rows];
for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i)
    matrix[i] = new int[cols];

当然,要删除矩阵,您应该执行以下操作:

for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i)
    delete [] matrix[i];
delete [] matrix;

我刚刚想到了另一种可能性:

int rows = ..., cols = ...;
int** matrix = new int*[rows];
if (rows)
{
    matrix[0] = new int[rows * cols];
    for (int i = 1; i < rows; ++i)
        matrix[i] = matrix[0] + i * cols;
}

释放该数组更容易:

if (rows) delete [] matrix[0];
delete [] matrix;

该解决方案的优点是为所有元素分配一个大内存块,而不是几个小内存块大块。不过,我发布的第一个解决方案是数组的数组概念的更好示例。

A matrix is actually can be represented as an array of arrays.

int rows = ..., cols = ...;
int** matrix = new int*[rows];
for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i)
    matrix[i] = new int[cols];

Of course, to delete the matrix, you should do the following:

for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i)
    delete [] matrix[i];
delete [] matrix;

I have just figured out another possibility:

int rows = ..., cols = ...;
int** matrix = new int*[rows];
if (rows)
{
    matrix[0] = new int[rows * cols];
    for (int i = 1; i < rows; ++i)
        matrix[i] = matrix[0] + i * cols;
}

Freeing this array is easier:

if (rows) delete [] matrix[0];
delete [] matrix;

This solution has the advantage of allocating a single big block of memory for all the elements, instead of several little chunks. The first solution I posted is a better example of the arrays of arrays concept, though.

魄砕の薆 2024-08-11 12:20:46

您还可以使用 std::vectors 来实现此目的:

使用: 'std::vector< std::向量>'

例子:

#include <vector>
std::vector< std::vector<int> > a;
  
  //m * n is the size of the matrix

    int m = 2, n = 4;
    //Grow rows by m
    a.resize(m);
    for(int i = 0 ; i < m ; ++i)
    {
        //Grow Columns by n
        a[i].resize(n);
    }
    //Now you have matrix m*n with default values

    //you can use the Matrix, now
    a[1][0]=1;
    a[1][1]=2;
    a[1][2]=3;
    a[1][3]=4;

//OR
for(i = 0 ; i < m ; ++i)
{
    for(int j = 0 ; j < n ; ++j)
    {      //modify matrix
        int x = a[i][j];
    }

}

You can also use std::vectors for achieving this:

using: 'std::vector< std::vector >'

Example:

#include <vector>
std::vector< std::vector<int> > a;
  
  //m * n is the size of the matrix

    int m = 2, n = 4;
    //Grow rows by m
    a.resize(m);
    for(int i = 0 ; i < m ; ++i)
    {
        //Grow Columns by n
        a[i].resize(n);
    }
    //Now you have matrix m*n with default values

    //you can use the Matrix, now
    a[1][0]=1;
    a[1][1]=2;
    a[1][2]=3;
    a[1][3]=4;

//OR
for(i = 0 ; i < m ; ++i)
{
    for(int j = 0 ; j < n ; ++j)
    {      //modify matrix
        int x = a[i][j];
    }

}
烂柯人 2024-08-11 12:20:46

尝试 boost::multi_array

#include <boost/multi_array.hpp>

int main(){
    int rows;
    int cols;
    boost::multi_array<int, 2> arr(boost::extents[rows][cols] ;
}

Try boost::multi_array

#include <boost/multi_array.hpp>

int main(){
    int rows;
    int cols;
    boost::multi_array<int, 2> arr(boost::extents[rows][cols] ;
}
早乙女 2024-08-11 12:20:46
arr = new int[cols*rows];

如果您不介意语法

arr[row * cols + col] = Aij;

或在某处使用运算符[]重载。这可能比数组数组更适合缓存,也可能不是,更可能的是您不应该关心它。我只是想指出a)数组的数组不仅仅是解决方案,b)如果矩阵位于一个内存块中,一些操作更容易实现。例如

for(int i=0;i < rows*cols;++i)
   matrix[i]=someOtherMatrix[i];

短一行

for(int r=0;i < rows;++r)
  for(int c=0;i < cols;++s)
     matrix[r][c]=someOtherMatrix[r][c];

,比向此类矩阵添加行更痛苦的情况

arr = new int[cols*rows];

If you either don't mind syntax

arr[row * cols + col] = Aij;

or use operator[] overaloading somewhere. This may be more cache-friendly than array of arrays, or may be not, more probably you shouldn't care about it. I just want to point out that a) array of arrays is not only solution, b) some operations are more easier to implement if matrix located in one block of memory. E.g.

for(int i=0;i < rows*cols;++i)
   matrix[i]=someOtherMatrix[i];

one line shorter than

for(int r=0;i < rows;++r)
  for(int c=0;i < cols;++s)
     matrix[r][c]=someOtherMatrix[r][c];

though adding rows to such matrix is more painful

马蹄踏│碎落叶 2024-08-11 12:20:46
const int nRows = 20;
const int nCols = 10;
int (*name)[nCols] = new int[nRows][nCols];
std::memset(name, 0, sizeof(int) * nRows * nCols); //row major contiguous memory
name[0][0] = 1; //first element
name[nRows-1][nCols-1] = 1; //last element
delete[] name;
const int nRows = 20;
const int nCols = 10;
int (*name)[nCols] = new int[nRows][nCols];
std::memset(name, 0, sizeof(int) * nRows * nCols); //row major contiguous memory
name[0][0] = 1; //first element
name[nRows-1][nCols-1] = 1; //last element
delete[] name;
谁人与我共长歌 2024-08-11 12:20:46
 #include <iostream>

    int main(){
        int rows=4;
        int cols=4;
        int **arr;

        arr = new int*[rows];
        for(int i=0;i<rows;i++){
           arr[i]=new int[cols];
        }
        // statements

        for(int i=0;i<rows;i++){
           delete []arr[i];
        }
        delete []arr;
        return 0;
     }
 #include <iostream>

    int main(){
        int rows=4;
        int cols=4;
        int **arr;

        arr = new int*[rows];
        for(int i=0;i<rows;i++){
           arr[i]=new int[cols];
        }
        // statements

        for(int i=0;i<rows;i++){
           delete []arr[i];
        }
        delete []arr;
        return 0;
     }
无戏配角 2024-08-11 12:20:46

或者您可以只分配一个 1D 数组,但以 2D 方式引用元素:

寻址第 2 行、第 3 列(左上角为第 0 行、第 0 列):

arr[2 * MATRIX_WIDTH + 3]

其中 MATRIX_WIDTH 是元素的数量连续。

or you can just allocate a 1D array but reference elements in a 2D fashion:

to address row 2, column 3 (top left corner is row 0, column 0):

arr[2 * MATRIX_WIDTH + 3]

where MATRIX_WIDTH is the number of elements in a row.

猫弦 2024-08-11 12:20:46

这是最清楚的&我知道在 C++ 中分配动态二维数组的直观方法。本示例中的模板涵盖了所有情况。

template<typename T> T** matrixAllocate(int rows, int cols, T **M)
{
    M = new T*[rows];
    for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++){
        M[i] = new T[cols];
    }
    return M;
}

... 

int main()
{
    ...
    int** M1 = matrixAllocate<int>(rows, cols, M1);
    double** M2 = matrixAllocate(rows, cols, M2);
    ...
}

Here is the most clear & intuitive way i know to allocate a dynamic 2d array in C++. Templated in this example covers all cases.

template<typename T> T** matrixAllocate(int rows, int cols, T **M)
{
    M = new T*[rows];
    for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++){
        M[i] = new T[cols];
    }
    return M;
}

... 

int main()
{
    ...
    int** M1 = matrixAllocate<int>(rows, cols, M1);
    double** M2 = matrixAllocate(rows, cols, M2);
    ...
}
夏了南城 2024-08-11 12:20:46

描述数组数组的另一个答案是正确的。
但是,如果您计划使用数组进行任何数学运算 - 或者需要一些特殊的东西(例如稀疏矩阵),您应该查看许多数学库之一,例如 TNT 在重新发明太多轮子之前

The other answer describing arrays of arrays are correct.
BUT if you are planning of doing a anything mathematical with the arrays - or need something special like sparse matrices you should look at one of the many maths libs like TNT before re-inventing too many wheels

も星光 2024-08-11 12:20:46

如果您不需要任何数学运算符,我有这个网格类可以用作简单的矩阵。

/**
 * Represents a grid of values.
 * Indices are zero-based.
 */
template<class T>
class GenericGrid
{
    public:
        GenericGrid(size_t numRows, size_t numColumns);

        GenericGrid(size_t numRows, size_t numColumns, const T & inInitialValue);

        const T & get(size_t row, size_t col) const;

        T & get(size_t row, size_t col);

        void set(size_t row, size_t col, const T & inT);

        size_t numRows() const;

        size_t numColumns() const;

    private:
        size_t mNumRows;
        size_t mNumColumns;
        std::vector<T> mData;
};


template<class T>
GenericGrid<T>::GenericGrid(size_t numRows, size_t numColumns):
    mNumRows(numRows),
    mNumColumns(numColumns)
{
    mData.resize(numRows*numColumns);
}


template<class T>
GenericGrid<T>::GenericGrid(size_t numRows, size_t numColumns, const T & inInitialValue):
    mNumRows(numRows),
    mNumColumns(numColumns)
{
    mData.resize(numRows*numColumns, inInitialValue);
}


template<class T>
const T & GenericGrid<T>::get(size_t rowIdx, size_t colIdx) const
{
    return mData[rowIdx*mNumColumns + colIdx];
}


template<class T>
T & GenericGrid<T>::get(size_t rowIdx, size_t colIdx)
{
    return mData[rowIdx*mNumColumns + colIdx];
}


template<class T>
void GenericGrid<T>::set(size_t rowIdx, size_t colIdx, const T & inT)
{
    mData[rowIdx*mNumColumns + colIdx] = inT;
}


template<class T>
size_t GenericGrid<T>::numRows() const
{
    return mNumRows;
}


template<class T>
size_t GenericGrid<T>::numColumns() const
{
    return mNumColumns;
}

I have this grid class that can be used as a simple matrix if you don't need any mathematical operators.

/**
 * Represents a grid of values.
 * Indices are zero-based.
 */
template<class T>
class GenericGrid
{
    public:
        GenericGrid(size_t numRows, size_t numColumns);

        GenericGrid(size_t numRows, size_t numColumns, const T & inInitialValue);

        const T & get(size_t row, size_t col) const;

        T & get(size_t row, size_t col);

        void set(size_t row, size_t col, const T & inT);

        size_t numRows() const;

        size_t numColumns() const;

    private:
        size_t mNumRows;
        size_t mNumColumns;
        std::vector<T> mData;
};


template<class T>
GenericGrid<T>::GenericGrid(size_t numRows, size_t numColumns):
    mNumRows(numRows),
    mNumColumns(numColumns)
{
    mData.resize(numRows*numColumns);
}


template<class T>
GenericGrid<T>::GenericGrid(size_t numRows, size_t numColumns, const T & inInitialValue):
    mNumRows(numRows),
    mNumColumns(numColumns)
{
    mData.resize(numRows*numColumns, inInitialValue);
}


template<class T>
const T & GenericGrid<T>::get(size_t rowIdx, size_t colIdx) const
{
    return mData[rowIdx*mNumColumns + colIdx];
}


template<class T>
T & GenericGrid<T>::get(size_t rowIdx, size_t colIdx)
{
    return mData[rowIdx*mNumColumns + colIdx];
}


template<class T>
void GenericGrid<T>::set(size_t rowIdx, size_t colIdx, const T & inT)
{
    mData[rowIdx*mNumColumns + colIdx] = inT;
}


template<class T>
size_t GenericGrid<T>::numRows() const
{
    return mNumRows;
}


template<class T>
size_t GenericGrid<T>::numColumns() const
{
    return mNumColumns;
}
灼痛 2024-08-11 12:20:46

使用双指针是迄今为止执行速度/优化和易读性之间的最佳折衷方案。使用单个数组来存储矩阵的内容实际上就是双指针的作用。

我已经成功使用了以下模板化创建器函数(是的,我知道我使用旧的 C 风格指针引用,但它确实使调用方的代码在更改参数方面更加清晰 - 我喜欢指针,而这是不可能的您会明白我的意思):

///
/// Matrix Allocator Utility
/// @param pppArray Pointer to the double-pointer where the matrix should be allocated.
/// @param iRows Number of rows.
/// @param iColumns Number of columns.
/// @return Successful allocation returns true, else false.
template <typename T>
bool NewMatrix(T*** pppArray, 
               size_t iRows, 
               size_t iColumns)
{
   bool l_bResult = false;
   if (pppArray != 0) // Test if pointer holds a valid address.
   {                  // I prefer using the shorter 0 in stead of NULL.
      if (!((*pppArray) != 0)) // Test if the first element is currently unassigned.
      {                        // The "double-not" evaluates a little quicker in general.
         // Allocate and assign pointer array.
         (*pppArray) = new T* [iRows]; 
         if ((*pppArray) != 0) // Test if pointer-array allocation was successful.
         {
            // Allocate and assign common data storage array.
            (*pppArray)[0] = new T [iRows * iColumns]; 
            if ((*pppArray)[0] != 0) // Test if data array allocation was successful.
            {
               // Using pointer arithmetic requires the least overhead. There is no 
               // expensive repeated multiplication involved and very little additional 
               // memory is used for temporary variables.
               T** l_ppRow = (*pppArray);
               T* l_pRowFirstElement = l_ppRow[0];
               for (size_t l_iRow = 1; l_iRow < iRows; l_iRow++)
               {
                  l_ppRow++;
                  l_pRowFirstElement += iColumns;
                  l_ppRow[0] = l_pRowFirstElement;
               }
               l_bResult = true;
            }
         }
      }
   }
}

要取消分配使用上述实用程序创建的内存,只需反向取消分配即可。

///
/// Matrix De-Allocator Utility
/// @param pppArray Pointer to the double-pointer where the matrix should be de-allocated.
/// @return Successful de-allocation returns true, else false.
template <typename T>
bool DeleteMatrix(T*** pppArray)
{
   bool l_bResult = false;
   if (pppArray != 0) // Test if pointer holds a valid address.
   {
      if ((*pppArray) != 0) // Test if pointer array was assigned.
      {
         if ((*pppArray)[0] != 0) // Test if data array was assigned.
         {
               // De-allocate common storage array.
               delete [] (*pppArray)[0];
            }
         }
         // De-allocate pointer array.
         delete [] (*pppArray);
         (*pppArray) = 0;
         l_bResult = true;
      }
   }
}

使用上述模板函数非常简单(例如):

   .
   .
   .
   double l_ppMatrix = 0;
   NewMatrix(&l_ppMatrix, 3, 3); // Create a 3 x 3 Matrix and store it in l_ppMatrix.
   .
   .
   .
   DeleteMatrix(&l_ppMatrix);

Using the double-pointer is by far the best compromise between execution speed/optimisation and legibility. Using a single array to store matrix' contents is actually what a double-pointer does.

I have successfully used the following templated creator function (yes, I know I use old C-style pointer referencing, but it does make code more clear on the calling side with regards to changing parameters - something I like about pointers which is not possible with references. You will see what I mean):

///
/// Matrix Allocator Utility
/// @param pppArray Pointer to the double-pointer where the matrix should be allocated.
/// @param iRows Number of rows.
/// @param iColumns Number of columns.
/// @return Successful allocation returns true, else false.
template <typename T>
bool NewMatrix(T*** pppArray, 
               size_t iRows, 
               size_t iColumns)
{
   bool l_bResult = false;
   if (pppArray != 0) // Test if pointer holds a valid address.
   {                  // I prefer using the shorter 0 in stead of NULL.
      if (!((*pppArray) != 0)) // Test if the first element is currently unassigned.
      {                        // The "double-not" evaluates a little quicker in general.
         // Allocate and assign pointer array.
         (*pppArray) = new T* [iRows]; 
         if ((*pppArray) != 0) // Test if pointer-array allocation was successful.
         {
            // Allocate and assign common data storage array.
            (*pppArray)[0] = new T [iRows * iColumns]; 
            if ((*pppArray)[0] != 0) // Test if data array allocation was successful.
            {
               // Using pointer arithmetic requires the least overhead. There is no 
               // expensive repeated multiplication involved and very little additional 
               // memory is used for temporary variables.
               T** l_ppRow = (*pppArray);
               T* l_pRowFirstElement = l_ppRow[0];
               for (size_t l_iRow = 1; l_iRow < iRows; l_iRow++)
               {
                  l_ppRow++;
                  l_pRowFirstElement += iColumns;
                  l_ppRow[0] = l_pRowFirstElement;
               }
               l_bResult = true;
            }
         }
      }
   }
}

To de-allocate the memory created using the abovementioned utility, one simply has to de-allocate in reverse.

///
/// Matrix De-Allocator Utility
/// @param pppArray Pointer to the double-pointer where the matrix should be de-allocated.
/// @return Successful de-allocation returns true, else false.
template <typename T>
bool DeleteMatrix(T*** pppArray)
{
   bool l_bResult = false;
   if (pppArray != 0) // Test if pointer holds a valid address.
   {
      if ((*pppArray) != 0) // Test if pointer array was assigned.
      {
         if ((*pppArray)[0] != 0) // Test if data array was assigned.
         {
               // De-allocate common storage array.
               delete [] (*pppArray)[0];
            }
         }
         // De-allocate pointer array.
         delete [] (*pppArray);
         (*pppArray) = 0;
         l_bResult = true;
      }
   }
}

To use these abovementioned template functions is then very easy (e.g.):

   .
   .
   .
   double l_ppMatrix = 0;
   NewMatrix(&l_ppMatrix, 3, 3); // Create a 3 x 3 Matrix and store it in l_ppMatrix.
   .
   .
   .
   DeleteMatrix(&l_ppMatrix);
~没有更多了~
我们使用 Cookies 和其他技术来定制您的体验包括您的登录状态等。通过阅读我们的 隐私政策 了解更多相关信息。 单击 接受 或继续使用网站,即表示您同意使用 Cookies 和您的相关数据。
原文