Mac、Windows、Linux 的惯用应用程序数据
我是一名 Mac 用户,所以我知道对于 Mac OS X,我希望将我的游戏打包在一个漂亮的 .app 捆绑包中(例如,像 Aquaria 那样)。但是 Windows 上的标准是什么? Linux 上的标准是什么?
我对这两者都比较陌生,但据我了解,两者都没有相当于 Mac 应用程序包的东西。那么用户是否更喜欢包含可执行文件和“数据”文件夹的文件夹?或者数据应该直接位于包含可执行文件的文件夹中,该文件夹几乎总是通过快捷方式或(例如)“开始”菜单来访问(例如)?
哪种方式会让用户感觉这是一个专门为其操作系统构建的普通应用程序?
编辑以澄清:我不是在询问安装程序,而是在询问实际的应用程序本身。
I'm a Mac user, so I know that for Mac OS X, I'd like my games packaged up in a nice .app bundle (like Aquaria did, for example). But what is the standard on Windows? And what is the standard on Linux?
I'm relatively unfamiliar with both, but from what I understand, there's no equivalent of a Mac application bundle on either. Do users then prefer a folder containing the executable and a "Data" folder? Or should the data just be directly in the folder with the executable, which will almost always be accessed (for example) by a shortcut or through (something like) the Start menu?
Which way will make users feel like it's a normal application built specifically for their OS?
Edit for clarification: I'm not asking about an installer, I'm asking about the actual application itself.
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Linux 应用程序通常以“包”的形式分发,其确切格式取决于发行版。 Debian 和 Ubuntu 使用 .deb,Red Hat 和 Fedora 使用 .rpm 等。有一些工具可以为 Linux 制作“应用程序包”,但并不经常使用。
应用程序应将全局数据文件存储在 <
/usr/share
> 中,并将每用户文件存储在 <$HOME/.local/share
> 中。Linux applications are usually distributed as "packages", the exact format of which will depend on the distribution. Debian and Ubuntu use .deb, Red Hat and Fedora use .rpm, etc. There are tools for making "application bundles" for Linux, but they're not used often.
Applications should store global data files in <
/usr/share
>, and per-user files in <$HOME/.local/share
>.在 Windows XP 上,应用程序数据通常存储在 C:\Program Files\YourProgramName 下。对于 Vista,Microsoft 创建了另一个主级文件夹,您应该将应用程序数据存储在 C:\ProgramData\YourProgramName 下。不知道他们要为 Win 7 做什么。任何用户特定的数据,如设置文件,都应存储在用户的主目录中,C:\Documents and Settings\John Sample
On Windows XP, application data is usually stored under C:\Program Files\YourProgramName. For Vista, Microsoft has created another main level folder and you should store your app data under C:\ProgramData\YourProgramName. No telling what they're going to do for Win 7. Any user specific data, like settings files, should be stored in the user's home directory, C:\Documents and Settings\John Sample
Linux 对于 Debian 及其变体使用 .DEB,对于 Red Hat 及其变体使用 .RPM,而 .BIN 实际上是包含数据和安装过程的 Shell 脚本,意味着可以在任何 Linux 中安装,而与 DEB 或 RPM 的存在无关安装人员。
Windows 最常用的是 EXE,一种常规可执行文件,即安装程序。与 .BIN 一样,它将安装所需的所有文件带入其主体(称为“自解压器”)。 Windows 最近(WinXP SP2 及更高版本)引入了另一种格式,即 .MSI(Microsoft 安装程序),其工作方式类似于 Linux 的 DEB 和 RPM。
Linux use .DEB for Debian and its variants, .RPM for Red Hat and its variants, and .BIN which is actually a Shell Script containing the data and the installation procedures, meant to install in any Linux independing on the presence of DEB or RPM installers.
Windows most commonly uses EXE, a regular executable, which is the installer program. As the .BIN does, it brings all files needed to the installation inside its body (the named "self-extractor"). Windows recently (WinXP SP2 and higher) brought another format, the .MSI (Microsoft Installer) to work like the Linux's DEB and RPM.