如何在 Scala 数组上使用 Java Collections.shuffle()?
我有一个想要随机排列的数组。在Java中,有一个方法Collections.shuffle()可以随机打乱List的元素。它也可以用在数组上:
String[] array = new String[]{"a", "b", "c"};
// Shuffle the array; works because the list returned by Arrays.asList() is backed by the array
Collections.shuffle(Arrays.asList(array));
我尝试在 Scala 数组上使用它,但是 Scala 解释器给出了一个冗长的答案:
scala> val a = Array("a", "b", "c")
a: Array[java.lang.String] = Array(a, b, c)
scala> java.util.Collections.shuffle(java.util.Arrays.asList(a))
<console>:6: warning: I'm seeing an array passed into a Java vararg.
I assume that the elements of this array should be passed as individual arguments to the vararg.
Therefore I follow the array with a `: _*', to mark it as a vararg argument.
If that's not what you want, compile this file with option -Xno-varargs-conversion.
java.util.Collections.shuffle(java.util.Arrays.asList(a))
^
<console>:6: error: type mismatch;
found : Array[java.lang.String]
required: Seq[Array[java.lang.String]]
java.util.Collections.shuffle(java.util.Arrays.asList(a))
^
这里到底发生了什么?我不想用特殊标志(-Xno-varargs-conversion)编译我的代码,如果这根本就是解决方案,只是因为这个。
那么,如何在 Scala 数组上使用 Java 的 Collections.shuffle() 呢?
与此同时,我在 Scala 中编写了自己的 shuffle 方法:
// Fisher-Yates shuffle, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher–Yates_shuffle
def shuffle[T](array: Array[T]): Array[T] = {
val rnd = new java.util.Random
for (n <- Iterator.range(array.length - 1, 0, -1)) {
val k = rnd.nextInt(n + 1)
val t = array(k); array(k) = array(n); array(n) = t
}
return array
}
它对数组进行洗牌,并返回数组本身以方便使用。
I have an array that I want to permutate randomly. In Java, there is a method Collections.shuffle() that can shuffle the elements of a List randomly. It can be used on an array too:
String[] array = new String[]{"a", "b", "c"};
// Shuffle the array; works because the list returned by Arrays.asList() is backed by the array
Collections.shuffle(Arrays.asList(array));
I tried using this on a Scala array, but the Scala interpreter responds with a lengthy answer:
scala> val a = Array("a", "b", "c")
a: Array[java.lang.String] = Array(a, b, c)
scala> java.util.Collections.shuffle(java.util.Arrays.asList(a))
<console>:6: warning: I'm seeing an array passed into a Java vararg.
I assume that the elements of this array should be passed as individual arguments to the vararg.
Therefore I follow the array with a `: _*', to mark it as a vararg argument.
If that's not what you want, compile this file with option -Xno-varargs-conversion.
java.util.Collections.shuffle(java.util.Arrays.asList(a))
^
<console>:6: error: type mismatch;
found : Array[java.lang.String]
required: Seq[Array[java.lang.String]]
java.util.Collections.shuffle(java.util.Arrays.asList(a))
^
What exactly is happening here? I don't want to compile my code with a special flag (-Xno-varargs-conversion), if that is the solution at all, just because of this.
So, how do I use Java's Collections.shuffle() on a Scala array?
I wrote my own shuffle method in Scala in the meantime:
// Fisher-Yates shuffle, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher–Yates_shuffle
def shuffle[T](array: Array[T]): Array[T] = {
val rnd = new java.util.Random
for (n <- Iterator.range(array.length - 1, 0, -1)) {
val k = rnd.nextInt(n + 1)
val t = array(k); array(k) = array(n); array(n) = t
}
return array
}
It shuffles the array in place, and returns the array itself for convenience.
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为了使上述方法正确工作,a 的元素类型必须是 scala.AnyRef 的子类(相当于 java.lang.Object),因为 Arrays.asList() 使用传入的数组作为结果 java.util 的后备存储。 List 和 java.util.List 只能包含对象引用(而不是原始值)。*
这也是为什么 Collections.shuffle() 会打乱传入的 java.util.List 实际上会打乱数组的原因。*
*:参见 下面的注释
例如
:注意:上面的代码片段使用的是 Scala 2.7.5。正如 Daniel 所演示的,Scala 2.8.0 表现出不同的行为。为了安全起见,不要依赖于数组被打乱的事实,而是依赖于从 Arrays.asList() 返回的列表被打乱的事实。
For the above to work correctly, a's element type has to be a subclass of scala.AnyRef (equivalent to java.lang.Object) because Arrays.asList() uses the array passed in as the backing store for the result java.util.List and java.util.List can contain only object references (not primitive values).*
That is also the reason why Collections.shuffle() which shuffles the passed-in java.util.List actually shuffled the array.*
*: See the note below
For example:
Note: Scala 2.7.5 is used for the above code snippets. Scala 2.8.0 exhibits different behaviors as Daniel demonstrated. To be on the safe side, do not depend on the fact that the array gets shuffled but instead the list that is returned from Arrays.asList() gets shuffled.
在可变参数方面,Scala 似乎做了一些与 Java 不同的事情。至少,我无法以任何方式洗牌该数组。据说,列表上的洗牌会洗牌数组,因为列表是数组支持的。嗯,看来 Scala 在将 vararg 参数传递给 Java 时会创建一个新数组,因此使上述示例毫无用处。
尽管另有声明,它确实适用于 Ints:
在 Scala 2.8 上,有一种更简单的方法:
请注意,以 Scala 方式,它不会更改原始数组。
It seems Scala is doing something different from Java when it comes to varargs. At least, I can't get that array shuffled any way I try. Supposedly, the shuffle on the list would shuffle the array because the list is array-backed. Well, it seems that Scala will create a new array when passing vararg arguments to Java, therefore making the aforementioned example useless.
It does works with Ints, despite the claim otherwise, though:
On Scala 2.8, there's a simpler way:
Note that, in a Scala fashion, it does not change the original array.
回答“这里究竟发生了什么?”部分:
当您说 java.util.Arrays.asList(a) 时,您正在调用一个静态 Java 方法,该方法被定义为采用可变数量的参数(Java 中的 vararg ... 语法):
在 Scala 中,当您创建调用 asList 您传递的是单个 Array[String] 而不是三个字符串参数。即使 Scala 将 T* 表示为 Array[T],您也需要告诉编译器您真正的意思是传递三个参数,而不是单个参数(即包含三个内容的列表)。
Scala 有一种方便的方法将 Array[String] 转换为 String,String,String:您使用 _* 符号,如 Walter Chang 的答案所示。每当您将某些内容传递给 vararg 函数时,您都可以使用它。
《Scala 编程》第 188 和 189 页对此进行了概述。
您还会在模式匹配中看到 _* 来匹配列表中的零个或多个元素。
To answer the "what exactly is happening here?" part:
When you say java.util.Arrays.asList(a) you're calling a static Java method which is defined to take a variable number of arguments (the vararg ... syntax in Java):
In Scala when you make the call to asList you're passing in a single Array[String] and not three string parameters. Even though Scala represents T* as Array[T] you need to tell the compiler that you really mean to be passing three parameters, rather than a single parameter which is a List of three things.
Scala has a convenient way to convert your Array[String] to String,String,String: you use the _* symbol as shown in Walter Chang's answer. You can use it whenever you're passing something to a vararg function.
This is outlined on pages 188 and 189 of Programming in Scala.
You'll also see _* in pattern matching to match zero or more elements in a List.