如何模拟 with 语句中使用的 open(使用 Python 中的 Mock 框架)?

发布于 2024-08-02 07:04:40 字数 241 浏览 8 评论 0原文

如何使用 unittest.mock< 测试以下代码/a>:

def testme(filepath):
    with open(filepath) as f:
        return f.read()

How do I test the following code with unittest.mock:

def testme(filepath):
    with open(filepath) as f:
        return f.read()

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评论(11

梦过后 2024-08-09 07:04:40

Python 3

补丁 builtins.open 并使用 mock_open,它是模拟框架。 补丁用作上下文管理器 返回用于替换修补后的对象:

from unittest.mock import patch, mock_open
with patch("builtins.open", mock_open(read_data="data")) as mock_file:
    assert open("path/to/open").read() == "data"
mock_file.assert_called_with("path/to/open")

如果您想使用 patch 作为装饰器,请使用 mock_open() 的结果作为 patch<的 new= 参数/code> 可能有点奇怪。相反,请使用 patchnew_callable= 参数,并记住 patch 不使用的每个额外参数都将传递给 new_callable 函数,如 patch文档

patch() 接受任意关键字参数。这些将在构造时传递给Mock(或new_callable)。

@patch("builtins.open", new_callable=mock_open, read_data="data")
def test_patch(mock_file):
    assert open("path/to/open").read() == "data"
    mock_file.assert_called_with("path/to/open")

请记住,在这种情况下,patch 会将模拟对象作为参数传递给您的测试函数。

Python 2

您需要修补 __builtin__.open 而不是 builtins.open 并且 mock 不是 unittest 的一部分,您需要 pip install 并单独导入它:

from mock import patch, mock_open
with patch("__builtin__.open", mock_open(read_data="data")) as mock_file:
    assert open("path/to/open").read() == "data"
mock_file.assert_called_with("path/to/open")

Python 3

Patch builtins.open and use mock_open, which is part of the mock framework. patch used as a context manager returns the object used to replace the patched one:

from unittest.mock import patch, mock_open
with patch("builtins.open", mock_open(read_data="data")) as mock_file:
    assert open("path/to/open").read() == "data"
mock_file.assert_called_with("path/to/open")

If you want to use patch as a decorator, using mock_open()'s result as the new= argument to patch can be a little bit weird. Instead, use patch's new_callable= argument and remember that every extra argument that patch doesn't use will be passed to the new_callable function, as described in the patch documentation:

patch() takes arbitrary keyword arguments. These will be passed to the Mock (or new_callable) on construction.

@patch("builtins.open", new_callable=mock_open, read_data="data")
def test_patch(mock_file):
    assert open("path/to/open").read() == "data"
    mock_file.assert_called_with("path/to/open")

Remember that in this case patch will pass the mocked object as an argument to your test function.

Python 2

You need to patch __builtin__.open instead of builtins.open and mock is not part of unittest, you need to pip install and import it separately:

from mock import patch, mock_open
with patch("__builtin__.open", mock_open(read_data="data")) as mock_file:
    assert open("path/to/open").read() == "data"
mock_file.assert_called_with("path/to/open")
身边 2024-08-09 07:04:40

做到这一点的方法在mock 0.7.0中发生了变化,它最终支持模拟python协议方法(魔术方法),特别是使用MagicMock:

http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/mock/magicmock.html

作为上下文管理器模拟打开的示例(来自模拟文档中的示例页面):

>>> open_name = '%s.open' % __name__
>>> with patch(open_name, create=True) as mock_open:
...     mock_open.return_value = MagicMock(spec=file)
...
...     with open('/some/path', 'w') as f:
...         f.write('something')
...
<mock.Mock object at 0x...>
>>> file_handle = mock_open.return_value.__enter__.return_value
>>> file_handle.write.assert_called_with('something')

The way to do this has changed in mock 0.7.0 which finally supports mocking the python protocol methods (magic methods), particularly using the MagicMock:

http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/mock/magicmock.html

An example of mocking open as a context manager (from the examples page in the mock documentation):

>>> open_name = '%s.open' % __name__
>>> with patch(open_name, create=True) as mock_open:
...     mock_open.return_value = MagicMock(spec=file)
...
...     with open('/some/path', 'w') as f:
...         f.write('something')
...
<mock.Mock object at 0x...>
>>> file_handle = mock_open.return_value.__enter__.return_value
>>> file_handle.write.assert_called_with('something')
噩梦成真你也成魔 2024-08-09 07:04:40

使用最新版本的mock,您可以使用真正有用的mock_open 帮助器:

mock_open(mock=None, read_data=None)

用于创建的辅助函数
使用mock来代替open。它适用于直接开放呼叫或
用作上下文管理器。

模拟参数是要配置的模拟对象。如果没有(
默认)然后将使用 API 为您创建一个 MagicMock
仅限于标准文件句柄上可用的方法或属性。

read_data 是文件句柄的读取方法的字符串
返回。默认情况下这是一个空字符串。

>>> from mock import mock_open, patch
>>> m = mock_open()
>>> with patch('{}.open'.format(__name__), m, create=True):
...    with open('foo', 'w') as h:
...        h.write('some stuff')

>>> m.assert_called_once_with('foo', 'w')
>>> handle = m()
>>> handle.write.assert_called_once_with('some stuff')

With the latest versions of mock, you can use the really useful mock_open helper:

mock_open(mock=None, read_data=None)

A helper function to create a
mock to replace the use of open. It works for open called directly or
used as a context manager.

The mock argument is the mock object to configure. If None (the
default) then a MagicMock will be created for you, with the API
limited to methods or attributes available on standard file handles.

read_data is a string for the read method of the file handle to
return. This is an empty string by default.

>>> from mock import mock_open, patch
>>> m = mock_open()
>>> with patch('{}.open'.format(__name__), m, create=True):
...    with open('foo', 'w') as h:
...        h.write('some stuff')

>>> m.assert_called_once_with('foo', 'w')
>>> handle = m()
>>> handle.write.assert_called_once_with('some stuff')
情痴 2024-08-09 07:04:40

要使用 mock_open 来创建简单文件读取() (原始的mock_open代码段已在此页面上给出更适合写入):

my_text = "some text to return when read() is called on the file object"
mocked_open_function = mock.mock_open(read_data=my_text)

with mock.patch("__builtin__.open", mocked_open_function):
    with open("any_string") as f:
        print f.read()

请注意mock_open 的文档,这是专门针对 read() 的,因此不适用于常见模式,例如 for line in f

使用 python 2.6.6 / 模拟 1.0.1

To use mock_open for a simple file read() (the original mock_open snippet already given on this page is geared more for write):

my_text = "some text to return when read() is called on the file object"
mocked_open_function = mock.mock_open(read_data=my_text)

with mock.patch("__builtin__.open", mocked_open_function):
    with open("any_string") as f:
        print f.read()

Note as per docs for mock_open, this is specifically for read(), so won't work with common patterns like for line in f, for example.

Uses python 2.6.6 / mock 1.0.1

梦一生花开无言 2024-08-09 07:04:40

如果您不再需要任何文件,您可以装饰测试方法:

@patch('builtins.open', mock_open(read_data="data"))
def test_testme():
    result = testeme()
    assert result == "data"

If you don't need any file further, you can decorate the test method:

@patch('builtins.open', mock_open(read_data="data"))
def test_testme():
    result = testeme()
    assert result == "data"
别念他 2024-08-09 07:04:40

最上面的答案很有用,但我对其进行了一些扩展。

如果您想根据传递给 open() 的参数设置文件对象的值(as f 中的 f),这里有一个实现方法:

def save_arg_return_data(*args, **kwargs):
    mm = MagicMock(spec=file)
    mm.__enter__.return_value = do_something_with_data(*args, **kwargs)
    return mm
m = MagicMock()
m.side_effect = save_arg_return_array_of_data

# if your open() call is in the file mymodule.animals 
# use mymodule.animals as name_of_called_file
open_name = '%s.open' % name_of_called_file

with patch(open_name, m, create=True):
    #do testing here

基本上,open() 将返回一个对象,而with 将在该对象上调用__enter__()

为了正确模拟,我们必须模拟 open() 以返回一个模拟对象。然后,该模拟对象应该模拟对其的 __enter__() 调用(MagicMock 将为我们执行此操作)以返回我们想要的模拟数据/文件对象(因此 mm.__enter__.return_value)。通过上述方式使用 2 个模拟执行此操作,我们可以捕获传递给 open() 的参数,并将它们传递给我们的 do_something_with_data 方法。

我将整个模拟文件作为字符串传递给 open() ,我的 do_something_with_data 看起来像这样:

def do_something_with_data(*args, **kwargs):
    return args[0].split("\n")

这会将字符串转换为列表,以便您可以像您一样执行以下操作与普通文件:

for line in file:
    #do action

The top answer is useful but I expanded on it a bit.

If you want to set the value of your file object (the f in as f) based on the arguments passed to open() here's one way to do it:

def save_arg_return_data(*args, **kwargs):
    mm = MagicMock(spec=file)
    mm.__enter__.return_value = do_something_with_data(*args, **kwargs)
    return mm
m = MagicMock()
m.side_effect = save_arg_return_array_of_data

# if your open() call is in the file mymodule.animals 
# use mymodule.animals as name_of_called_file
open_name = '%s.open' % name_of_called_file

with patch(open_name, m, create=True):
    #do testing here

Basically, open() will return an object and with will call __enter__() on that object.

To mock properly, we must mock open() to return a mock object. That mock object should then mock the __enter__() call on it (MagicMock will do this for us) to return the mock data/file object we want (hence mm.__enter__.return_value). Doing this with 2 mocks the way above allows us to capture the arguments passed to open() and pass them to our do_something_with_data method.

I passed an entire mock file as a string to open() and my do_something_with_data looked like this:

def do_something_with_data(*args, **kwargs):
    return args[0].split("\n")

This transforms the string into a list so you can do the following as you would with a normal file:

for line in file:
    #do action
神仙妹妹 2024-08-09 07:04:40

我可能有点晚了,但是当我在另一个模块中调用 open 而无需创建新文件时,这对我有用。

test.py

import unittest
from mock import Mock, patch, mock_open
from MyObj import MyObj

class TestObj(unittest.TestCase):
    open_ = mock_open()
    with patch.object(__builtin__, "open", open_):
        ref = MyObj()
        ref.save("myfile.txt")
    assert open_.call_args_list == [call("myfile.txt", "wb")]

MyObj.py

class MyObj(object):
    def save(self, filename):
        with open(filename, "wb") as f:
            f.write("sample text")

通过将 __builtin__ 模块内的 open 函数修补到我的 mock_open(),我可以模拟写入文件,而无需创建一个。

注意:如果您使用的模块使用 cython,或者您的程序以任何方式依赖于 cython,则需要导入 cython 的 __builtin__ 模块,方法是在文件顶部包含 import __builtin__ 。如果您使用 cython,您将无法模拟通用 __builtin__

I might be a bit late to the game, but this worked for me when calling open in another module without having to create a new file.

test.py

import unittest
from mock import Mock, patch, mock_open
from MyObj import MyObj

class TestObj(unittest.TestCase):
    open_ = mock_open()
    with patch.object(__builtin__, "open", open_):
        ref = MyObj()
        ref.save("myfile.txt")
    assert open_.call_args_list == [call("myfile.txt", "wb")]

MyObj.py

class MyObj(object):
    def save(self, filename):
        with open(filename, "wb") as f:
            f.write("sample text")

By patching the open function inside the __builtin__ module to my mock_open(), I can mock writing to a file without creating one.

Note: If you are using a module that uses cython, or your program depends on cython in any way, you will need to import cython's __builtin__ module by including import __builtin__ at the top of your file. You will not be able to mock the universal __builtin__ if you are using cython.

随波逐流 2024-08-09 07:04:40

使用unittest修补内置的open()函数:

这适用于读取json配置的补丁。

class ObjectUnderTest:
    def __init__(self, filename: str):
        with open(filename, 'r') as f:
            dict_content = json.load(f)

模拟对象是 open() 函数返回的 io.TextIOWrapper 对象

@patch("<src.where.object.is.used>.open",
        return_value=io.TextIOWrapper(io.BufferedReader(io.BytesIO(b'{"test_key": "test_value"}'))))
    def test_object_function_under_test(self, mocker):

To patch the built-in open() function with unittest:

This worked for a patch to read a json config.

class ObjectUnderTest:
    def __init__(self, filename: str):
        with open(filename, 'r') as f:
            dict_content = json.load(f)

The mocked object is the io.TextIOWrapper object returned by the open() function

@patch("<src.where.object.is.used>.open",
        return_value=io.TextIOWrapper(io.BufferedReader(io.BytesIO(b'{"test_key": "test_value"}'))))
    def test_object_function_under_test(self, mocker):
梦里寻她 2024-08-09 07:04:40

在我的例子中,我使用的是 pytest,好消息是在 Python 3 中,unittest 库也可以毫无问题地导入和使用。

这是我的方法。首先,我创建一个包含可重用 pytest 固定装置的 conftest.py 文件:

from functools import cache
from unittest.mock import MagicMock, mock_open

import pytest
from pytest_mock import MockerFixture


class FileMock(MagicMock):

    def __init__(self, mocker: MagicMock = None, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)

        if mocker:
            self.__dict__ = mocker.__dict__
            # configure mock object to replace the use of open(...)
            # note: this is useful in scenarios where data is written out
            _ = mock_open(mock=self)

    @property
    def read_data(self):
        return self.side_effect

    @read_data.setter
    def read_data(self, mock_data: str):
        """set mock data to be returned when `open(...).read()` is called."""
        self.side_effect = mock_open(read_data=mock_data)

    @property
    @cache
    def write_calls(self):
        """a list of calls made to `open().write(...)`"""
        handle = self.return_value
        write: MagicMock = handle.write
        return write.call_args_list

    @property
    def write_lines(self) -> str:
        """a list of written lines (as a string)"""
        return ''.join([c[0][0] for c in self.write_calls])


@pytest.fixture
def mock_file_open(mocker: MockerFixture) -> FileMock:
    return FileMock(mocker.patch('builtins.open'))

我决定将 read_data 作为属性,以便更加 Pythonic。它可以在测试函数中与 open() 需要返回的任何数据一起分配。

在我的测试文件中,名称类似于 test_it_works.py,我有一个以下测试用例来确认预期的功能:

from unittest.mock import call


def test_mock_file_open_and_read(mock_file_open):
    mock_file_open.read_data = 'hello\nworld!'

    with open('/my/file/here', 'r') as in_file:
        assert in_file.readlines() == ['hello\n', 'world!']

    mock_file_open.assert_called_with('/my/file/here', 'r')


def test_mock_file_open_and_write(mock_file_open):
    with open('/out/file/here', 'w') as f:
        f.write('hello\n')
        f.write('world!\n')
        f.write('--> testing 123 :-)')

    mock_file_open.assert_called_with('/out/file/here', 'w')

    assert call('world!\n') in mock_file_open.write_calls

    assert mock_file_open.write_lines == """\
hello
world!
--> testing 123 :-)
""".rstrip()

查看要点 此处

I'm using pytest in my case, and the good news is that in Python 3 the unittest library can also be imported and used without issue.

Here is my approach. First, I create a conftest.py file with reusable pytest fixture(s):

from functools import cache
from unittest.mock import MagicMock, mock_open

import pytest
from pytest_mock import MockerFixture


class FileMock(MagicMock):

    def __init__(self, mocker: MagicMock = None, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)

        if mocker:
            self.__dict__ = mocker.__dict__
            # configure mock object to replace the use of open(...)
            # note: this is useful in scenarios where data is written out
            _ = mock_open(mock=self)

    @property
    def read_data(self):
        return self.side_effect

    @read_data.setter
    def read_data(self, mock_data: str):
        """set mock data to be returned when `open(...).read()` is called."""
        self.side_effect = mock_open(read_data=mock_data)

    @property
    @cache
    def write_calls(self):
        """a list of calls made to `open().write(...)`"""
        handle = self.return_value
        write: MagicMock = handle.write
        return write.call_args_list

    @property
    def write_lines(self) -> str:
        """a list of written lines (as a string)"""
        return ''.join([c[0][0] for c in self.write_calls])


@pytest.fixture
def mock_file_open(mocker: MockerFixture) -> FileMock:
    return FileMock(mocker.patch('builtins.open'))

Where I decided to make the read_data as a property, in order to be more pythonic. It can be assigned in a test function with whatever data that open() needs to return.

In my test file, named something like test_it_works.py, I have a following test case to confirm intended functionality:

from unittest.mock import call


def test_mock_file_open_and_read(mock_file_open):
    mock_file_open.read_data = 'hello\nworld!'

    with open('/my/file/here', 'r') as in_file:
        assert in_file.readlines() == ['hello\n', 'world!']

    mock_file_open.assert_called_with('/my/file/here', 'r')


def test_mock_file_open_and_write(mock_file_open):
    with open('/out/file/here', 'w') as f:
        f.write('hello\n')
        f.write('world!\n')
        f.write('--> testing 123 :-)')

    mock_file_open.assert_called_with('/out/file/here', 'w')

    assert call('world!\n') in mock_file_open.write_calls

    assert mock_file_open.write_lines == """\
hello
world!
--> testing 123 :-)
""".rstrip()

Check out the gist here.

So尛奶瓶 2024-08-09 07:04:40

源自 github 代码片段,用于修补 python 中的读写功能。

源链接位于此处

import configparser
import pytest

simpleconfig = """[section]\nkey = value\n\n"""

def test_monkeypatch_open_read(mockopen):
    filename = 'somefile.txt'
    mockopen.write(filename, simpleconfig)
 
    parser = configparser.ConfigParser()
    parser.read(filename)
    assert parser.sections() == ['section']
 
def test_monkeypatch_open_write(mockopen):
    parser = configparser.ConfigParser()
    parser.add_section('section')
    parser.set('section', 'key', 'value')
 
    filename = 'somefile.txt'
    parser.write(open(filename, 'wb'))
    assert mockopen.read(filename) == simpleconfig

Sourced from a github snippet to patch read and write functionality in python.

The source link is over here

import configparser
import pytest

simpleconfig = """[section]\nkey = value\n\n"""

def test_monkeypatch_open_read(mockopen):
    filename = 'somefile.txt'
    mockopen.write(filename, simpleconfig)
 
    parser = configparser.ConfigParser()
    parser.read(filename)
    assert parser.sections() == ['section']
 
def test_monkeypatch_open_write(mockopen):
    parser = configparser.ConfigParser()
    parser.add_section('section')
    parser.set('section', 'key', 'value')
 
    filename = 'somefile.txt'
    parser.write(open(filename, 'wb'))
    assert mockopen.read(filename) == simpleconfig
浮云落日 2024-08-09 07:04:40

带有断言的简单@patch

如果您想使用@patch。 open() 在处理程序内部被调用并被读取。

    @patch("builtins.open", new_callable=mock_open, read_data="data")
    def test_lambda_handler(self, mock_open_file):
        
        lambda_handler(event, {})

SIMPLE @patch with assert

If you're wanting to use @patch. The open() is called inside the handler and is read.

    @patch("builtins.open", new_callable=mock_open, read_data="data")
    def test_lambda_handler(self, mock_open_file):
        
        lambda_handler(event, {})
~没有更多了~
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