Postgres:如何做复合键?

发布于 2024-08-01 20:02:24 字数 622 浏览 15 评论 0原文

我无法理解创建组合键时的语法错误。 可能是逻辑错误,因为我测试过很多品种。

如何在 Postgres 中创建复合键?

CREATE TABLE tags
     (
              (question_id, tag_id) NOT NULL,
              question_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
              tag_id SERIAL NOT NULL,
              tag1 VARCHAR(20),
              tag2 VARCHAR(20),
              tag3 VARCHAR(20),
              PRIMARY KEY(question_id, tag_id),
              CONSTRAINT no_duplicate_tag UNIQUE (question_id, tag_id)
     );
    ERROR:  syntax error at or near "("
    LINE 3:               (question_id, tag_id) NOT NULL,
                          ^

I cannot understand the syntax error in creating a composite key. It may be a logic error, because I have tested many varieties.

How do you create composite keys in Postgres?

CREATE TABLE tags
     (
              (question_id, tag_id) NOT NULL,
              question_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
              tag_id SERIAL NOT NULL,
              tag1 VARCHAR(20),
              tag2 VARCHAR(20),
              tag3 VARCHAR(20),
              PRIMARY KEY(question_id, tag_id),
              CONSTRAINT no_duplicate_tag UNIQUE (question_id, tag_id)
     );
    ERROR:  syntax error at or near "("
    LINE 3:               (question_id, tag_id) NOT NULL,
                          ^

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评论(2

失与倦" 2024-08-08 20:02:24

您的复合 PRIMARY KEY 规范已经满足您的要求。 省略给您带来语法错误的行,并省略多余的 CONSTRAINT(已经隐含):

 CREATE TABLE tags
      (
               question_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
               tag_id SERIAL NOT NULL,
               tag1 VARCHAR(20),
               tag2 VARCHAR(20),
               tag3 VARCHAR(20),
               PRIMARY KEY(question_id, tag_id)
      );

NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "tags_tag_id_seq" for serial column "tags.tag_id"
    NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "tags_pkey" for table "tags"
    CREATE TABLE
    pg=> \d tags
                                         Table "public.tags"
       Column    |         Type          |                       Modifiers       
    -------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------
     question_id | integer               | not null
     tag_id      | integer               | not null default nextval('tags_tag_id_seq'::regclass)
     tag1        | character varying(20) |
     tag2        | character varying(20) |
     tag3        | character varying(20) |
    Indexes:
        "tags_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (question_id, tag_id)

Your compound PRIMARY KEY specification already does what you want. Omit the line that's giving you a syntax error, and omit the redundant CONSTRAINT (already implied), too:

 CREATE TABLE tags
      (
               question_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
               tag_id SERIAL NOT NULL,
               tag1 VARCHAR(20),
               tag2 VARCHAR(20),
               tag3 VARCHAR(20),
               PRIMARY KEY(question_id, tag_id)
      );

NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "tags_tag_id_seq" for serial column "tags.tag_id"
    NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "tags_pkey" for table "tags"
    CREATE TABLE
    pg=> \d tags
                                         Table "public.tags"
       Column    |         Type          |                       Modifiers       
    -------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------
     question_id | integer               | not null
     tag_id      | integer               | not null default nextval('tags_tag_id_seq'::regclass)
     tag1        | character varying(20) |
     tag2        | character varying(20) |
     tag3        | character varying(20) |
    Indexes:
        "tags_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (question_id, tag_id)
自由如风 2024-08-08 20:02:24

您收到的错误位于第 3 行。即它不在

CONSTRAINT no_duplicate_tag UNIQUE (question_id, tag_id)

但更早:

CREATE TABLE tags
     (
              (question_id, tag_id) NOT NULL,

正确的表定义就像 pilcrow 所示。

如果你想在 tag1、tag2、tag3 上添加唯一(这听起来很可疑),那么语法是:

CREATE TABLE tags (
    question_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
    tag_id SERIAL NOT NULL,
    tag1 VARCHAR(20),
    tag2 VARCHAR(20),
    tag3 VARCHAR(20),
    PRIMARY KEY(question_id, tag_id),
    UNIQUE (tag1, tag2, tag3)
);

或者,如果你想根据你的意愿命名约束:

CREATE TABLE tags (
    question_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
    tag_id SERIAL NOT NULL,
    tag1 VARCHAR(20),
    tag2 VARCHAR(20),
    tag3 VARCHAR(20),
    PRIMARY KEY(question_id, tag_id),
    CONSTRAINT some_name UNIQUE (tag1, tag2, tag3)
);

The error you are getting is in line 3. i.e. it is not in

CONSTRAINT no_duplicate_tag UNIQUE (question_id, tag_id)

but earlier:

CREATE TABLE tags
     (
              (question_id, tag_id) NOT NULL,

Correct table definition is like pilcrow showed.

And if you want to add unique on tag1, tag2, tag3 (which sounds very suspicious), then the syntax is:

CREATE TABLE tags (
    question_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
    tag_id SERIAL NOT NULL,
    tag1 VARCHAR(20),
    tag2 VARCHAR(20),
    tag3 VARCHAR(20),
    PRIMARY KEY(question_id, tag_id),
    UNIQUE (tag1, tag2, tag3)
);

or, if you want to have the constraint named according to your wish:

CREATE TABLE tags (
    question_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
    tag_id SERIAL NOT NULL,
    tag1 VARCHAR(20),
    tag2 VARCHAR(20),
    tag3 VARCHAR(20),
    PRIMARY KEY(question_id, tag_id),
    CONSTRAINT some_name UNIQUE (tag1, tag2, tag3)
);
~没有更多了~
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